1. Modern Trends In
Non-Conventional Energy Sources
Submitted by: Sayyed Toufique Ali Abbas &
Shabbir Hussain Hussainy

2. Outcomes of Over
using Conventional
sources:
From years man has been
exploiting natural resources for
his selfish needs. The over
exploitation led to the
depletion of these sources
along with their hazardous
outcomes such as :
Deforestation
Global warming
Ozone layer depletion

3. Man has to be thoughtful
in usingnatural resources
or we all have to suffer
one day.Future
generations would be the
worst sufferers.

4. Keeping in mind the needs of future generation , we
should move towards Non-Conventional Energy
sources for a sustainable development.
A new Vision:

5. Hydro-Energy
Solar energyWind energy
Tidal Energy Biomass Energy
Geothermal
energy

6. Solar Energy
Solar Energy is the energy from the
sun. The Sun is the ultimate source
of energy. Solar energy is the most
readily available and free source of
energy since prehistoric times. It is
estimated that solar energy
equivalent to over 15,000 times the
world's annual commercial energy
consumption reaches the earth
every year.
It can be harnessed as:
 Solar water heaters
 Solar cells
 Solar cooker

7. Solar powered boats
Solar powered boats get their energy from the sun. Using electric
motors and storage batteries charged by solar
panels and photovoltaic cells, solar powered boats can significantly
reduce or eliminate their use of fossil fuels. Solar boats are
uniquely suited to transform light energy into movement.
Environmentally friendly solar energy is an energy efficient way to
power commercial oceangoing vessels as well as leisure boats.

8. Sun 21
The “sun21” is a 45.9-foot-long specially
built solar powered boat known as a
catamaran. On its canopy like roof are 48
silicon photovoltaic cells, which collect
energy from sunlight and transmit it to a
device in one of the narrow cabins. That
device transmits the energy to the 3,600
pounds of storage batteries below the
deck. The 11-ton solar boat was powered
on the energy needed to light 10 100-watt
light bulbs. The typical speed was 3.5
knots. The solar boat has two engines that
can go up to 107 nautical miles a day in
good weather.

9. Wind Energy:
Wind energy is basically harnessing of
wind power to produce electricity.
The kinetic energy of the wind is
converted to electrical energy. When
solar radiation enters the earth’s
atmosphere, different regions of the
atmosphere are heated to different
degrees because of earth curvature.
This heating is higher at the equator
and lowest at the poles. Since air
tends to flow from warmer to cooler
regions, this causes what we call
winds, and it is these airflows that are
harnessed in windmills and wind
turbines to produce power.
Suitability
Average Wind Speed
km/h (mph)
Up to 15 (9.5) No good
18 (11.25) Poor
22 (13.75) Moderate
25 (15.5) Good
29 (18) Excellent

10. Can moving trains produce wind
power???
A speeding train, for instance,
produces tremendous gusts
that can just as easily be
converted into electricity. A
couple years ago, an Indian
inventor named Santosh
Pradhan proposed a
modification to current
trains that, according to his
calculations, would have
harvested as much as 10,000
megawatts of electricity each
day from trains operating in
Mumbai, a city in India
Now designers from the firm Yanko Design have seized upon
the same principle and developed a device that can collect
wind energy from passing trains. The technology works
similarly to a wind tunnel concept put forth last year by a
team of Korean designers in which miniature turbine-based
generators would be strategically placed at various spots
along the walls of a subway train tunnel.
The device, called a T-Box, differs in that it is designed to be
installed within the actual railing track itself. It consists of a
durable metallic cylinder with vents, which allow air to flow
through and rotate turbine blades housed inside. Yanko claims
that a 1000 meter stretch of railroad can be retrofitted with
about 150 T-boxes. Considering that a train barreling down at
a speed of 200 kilometers per hour creates winds of roughly
15 miles a second, the T-boxes could generate 2.6 KwH of
electricity

11. World’s Largest wind turbine 7 MW
Details:
Model Enercon E-126
Rotor dia.: 126 m
Energy produced: 20 million
kWh/year
For 5000 household of four in
Europe
Installed in Emden, Germany in
2008

12. Hydro- Energy
Hydro energy is the energy produced
by using the potential energy stored
in water. Wherever sufficient head, or
change in elevation, could be found,
rivers and streams were dammed and
mills were built. Water under
pressure flows through a turbine
causing it to spin.
The Turbine is connected to a
generator, which produces electricity
. In order to produce enough
electricity, a hydroelectric system
requires a location with the following
features:
Change in elevation or head: 20 feet
@ 100 gal/min = 200 Watts.
100 feet head @ 20 gal/min gives the
same output. In India the potential of
small hydro power is estimated about
10,000 MW

13. Biomass Energy
Biomass is a renewable energy
resource derived from the
carbonaceous waste of various
human and natural activities. It is
derived from numerous sources,
including the by-products from the
wood industry, agricultural crops, raw
material from the forest, household
wastes etc.
Biomass does not add carbon dioxide
to the atmosphere as it absorbs the
same amount of carbon in growing as
it releases when consumed as a fuel.
Its advantage is that it can be used to
generate electricity with the same
equipment that is now being used for
burning fossil fuels
Advantages
Some of advantages of biomass
briquetting are high calorific value with
low ash content, absence of polluting
gases like sulphur, phosphorus fumes and
fly ash- which eliminate the need for
pollution control equipment, complete
combustion, ease of handling,
transportation & storage - because of
uniform size and convenient lengths.
Biogas Plant Biomass Briquetting

14. Tidal Energy
Tidal electricity generation involves
the construction of a barrage across
an estuary to block the incoming and
outgoing tide. The head of water is
then used to drive turbines to
generate electricity from the elevated
water in the basin as in hydroelectric
dams.
Barrages can be designed to generate
electricity on the ebb side, or flood
side, or both. Tidal range may vary
over a wide range (4.5- 12.4 m) from
site to site. A tidal range of at least 7
m is required for economical
operation and for sufficient head of
water for the turbines

15. Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is thermal
energy generated and stored in the
Earth. Thermal energy is the energy
that determines the temperature of
matter.
The heat that is used for geothermal energy can be stored deep within the Earth,
all the way down to Earth’s core – 4,000 miles down. At the core, temperatures
may reach over 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5000 degrees Celsius). Heat conducts
from the core to surrounding rock. Extremely high temperature and pressure cause
some rock to melt, which is commonly known as magma. Magma convects upward
since it is lighter than the solid rock. This magma then heats rock and water in the
crust, sometimes up to 700 degrees Fahrenheit (370 degrees Celsius)
From hot springs , geothermal energy has been used for bathing
since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is
now better known for electricity generation.

16. REFERENCES
1.http://mnes.nic.in
2. Renewable Energy Sources for rural areas in
Asia and Pacific, APO, Tokyo, 2000
3. www.ireda.org
4. www.windenergy.com
CONCLUSION
From the above paper we came to a conclusion that,
with the increasing demand for energy with increasing
population, the non-conventional sources of energy
should be adopted in order to sustain and preserve our
natural resources for future generation.