Modern iran
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This document provides a historical overview of Iran from the 1950s through the present. It discusses key events and leaders, including: - Mohammad Mossadegh nationalizing Iran's oil industry in 1951 before being overthrown in a CIA-backed coup, replacing him with Shah Reza Pahlavi. - The Shah instituting western reforms but facing growing opposition and protests in the 1970s over poverty and corruption. - Ayatollah Khomeini leading the 1979 revolution that overthrew the Shah and established an Islamic theocracy, with Khomeini becoming Supreme Leader. - The Iran-Iraq war lasting from 1980-1988 and involving over a million casualties, and the US
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The document summarizes the history of Iran under the Shah (1953-1979) and the Islamic Revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979. It describes how the Shah focused on westernization and ties with the West but suppressed dissidents, leading to unrest. Khomeini emerged as a critic of the Shah and led the revolution that established Iran as an Islamic Republic after the Shah was deposed. The current Supreme Leader is Ayatollah Khamenei, and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is the president, though Khamenei has more power. Iran's nuclear program and tensions with Israel and the West are also discussed.
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The Iranian Revolution began in 1978 as citizens grew dissatisfied with the authoritarian rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Major demonstrations started in January 1978 and the revolution concluded in 1979 when the Shah was removed from power and Ayatollah Khomeini established an Islamic republic. The Shah's attempts to modernize and secularize Iran clashed with traditional Muslim values and his secret police force oppressed dissent. The revolution transformed Iran from a monarchy to a theocratic republic led by Khomeini.
Iran_2012.ppt
1) In 1935, Iran's ruler insisted the country's name be changed from Persia to Iran.
2) In 1979, widespread demonstrations and unrest led to the overthrow of the Shah and the establishment of an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.
3) The Iranian Revolution transformed Iran from a pro-Western monarchy to a populist theocratic republic led by clerics, with the Ayatollah serving as the Supreme Leader.
ko hist
The document provides historical background information about Persepolis, the setting of Marjane Satrapi's graphic novel. It discusses that Persepolis was the ceremonial capital of the ancient Persian Empire and an architectural marvel until its destruction in 331 BCE. It was a source of Iranian national pride, which is why Satrapi chose it as the title. The document also summarizes key people and events in modern Iranian history referenced in the graphic novel, including the Islamic Revolution of 1979 when Iran became a theocratic republic.
Iran Contra Grad Paper
1) The document discusses the Iran-Contra affair during the Reagan administration, where the US secretly sold arms to Iran in exchange for hostages, and used the funds to support anti-communist Contras in Nicaragua.
2) It also discusses the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the US-backed Shah and established an anti-Western Islamic republic, severely damaging US-Iran relations.
3) Israel also secretly sold arms to Iran during its war with Iraq in hopes that prolonging the conflict would distract both countries from threatening Israel, demonstrating that one's enemies can still be enemies despite a shared goal.
Overview of Iran 1979-present
After World War II, Iran experienced political instability and foreign influence that led to the establishment of an autocratic monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi from 1941-1979. Discontent with the Shah's oppressive rule grew, culminating in the 1979 Islamic Revolution that overthrew the Shah and replaced the Iranian government with an Islamic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini. The new regime faced domestic unrest and external conflict, including an eight-year war with Iraq from 1980-1988 that ended in a stalemate.
Chapter+9+ +reading+comprehension+questions
The document summarizes political events in the Middle East between 1956-1967. Key events include:
1) In Iraq, the pro-Western government was overthrown in 1958, replacing it with an anti-Western regime allied with Egypt and the USSR.
2) In Egypt, President Nasser aimed to unite the Arab world under his leadership and dominate affairs in the region from 1956-1959 through various economic and infrastructure projects.
3) Hundreds of young Palestinians formed resistance groups in the 1960s, which later combined to form the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to work for an independent Palestinian state.
4) Tensions rose further in the 1960s as the militant Palestinian group
The timeline for the people
The document provides biographies of several important figures from the American Civil War era:
- General Winfield Scott was a hero of the Mexican War and commander of Union troops in 1861, developing the Anaconda Plan to blockade the South.
- John Brown led violent resistance to slavery, killing five men in 1856 and raiding the Harpers Ferry armory in 1859 to arm slaves.
- Dorothea Dix was an activist who lobbied for mental asylums and served as Superintendent of Army Nurses during the Civil War.
Basic Statistics
1) In the late 19th century, the population of Palestine was predominantly Arab Muslim and Christian at around 96.8%, while Jews made up only 3.2% of the population. Jewish immigration increased this percentage to 11% by 1922 and 16.9% by 1931.
2) The UN partition plan of 1947 gave 43% of the land to Arabs despite making up over two-thirds of the population, and 56% to Jews who comprised around one-third. Israel declared statehood in 1948 amid mass displacement and expulsion of Palestinians.
3) From 2000-2007, over 4,000 Palestinians were killed by Israelis including 816 children, while 1,021 Israelis were killed by Palestinians including 119 children,
Basic Statistics
1) In the late 19th century, the population of Palestine was overwhelmingly Arab, with Jews making up only about 3% of the population. British policies in the early 20th century increased Jewish immigration and settlement in Palestine.
2) The UN partition plan of 1947 gave 56% of the land to Jews despite them comprising only one third of the population, fueling Arab opposition. Israel declared statehood in 1948 through superior military organization and the expulsion of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians.
3) From 1967 onward, Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza, displacing hundreds of thousands more Palestinians and imposing restrictions on the Palestinian population. Peace efforts since the 1990s have failed to establish a viable Palestinian state.
Iranianrevolution
The Iranian Revolution began in 1978 as demonstrations against the oppressive rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and to overthrow the monarchy. By 1979, the revolution had succeeded in removing the Shah from power and establishing Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini as the new leader of Iran. Khomeini established an Islamic republic and new constitution that reflected the traditional Islamic values of the population that the Shah had suppressed. The revolution transformed Iran from a Western-allied monarchy to an Islamic republic and had significant geopolitical impacts.
Iranian diaspora
The document provides an overview of the Iranian diaspora. It notes that after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and establishment of an Islamic Republic, hundreds of thousands of Iranians emigrated abroad, many to pursue higher education. Key points include:
- Over 100,000 Iranians studied abroad in 1977-1978, with over 45,000 in the US at its peak.
- Emigration increased sharply after the revolution, with hundreds of thousands settling long-term in places like the US, Canada, Germany, UK and Sweden.
- Iran has one of the highest rates of "brain drain" in the world, estimated at 150,000-180,000 educated people leaving per year.
- The
World History.pdf
The Shah of Iran never knew until the very end of his rule that he was going to be cast aside. President Carter and the Shah of Iran. 1978History can be viewed through the prism of three distinct perspectives. Imagined history is written by the victors in conflict, this history most certainly is skewed and though containing elements of truth it is not entirely to be believed without understanding the perceptive of the defeated. The History of the defeated often exaggerates the brutality those who defeated them, but they can generally be relied upon for the actual situation on the ground as they were in control of their respective domain
Wofi adult 1_-_independence
The document provides historical background on Israel from antiquity to modern Zionism and the establishment of Israel in 1948. It discusses the Zionist movement, the Arab-Jewish conflict, underground armies in Mandate Palestine, the UN partition plan, Israel's war of independence and founding as a state in 1948. It also covers the creation of Palestinian refugees, responses to Israel's founding, refugee definitions, and debates around the topic. The document suggests that anti-Israel sentiment is rising due to some providing only a partial picture of the complex issues in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Slave Rebellions
The document summarizes slave resistance to the institution of slavery in the United States from 1800 to the Civil War. It describes various slave rebellions and uprisings led by Denmark Vessey, Gabriel Prosser, Nat Turner, and John Brown. It also discusses the Underground Railroad and the role of Harriet Tubman in helping slaves escape. The document also profiles prominent abolitionists and activists including David Walker, Maria Stewart, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth who resisted slavery through pamphlets, speeches, and moral persuasion.
Pakistans EX ISI boss on Afghan Imbroglio
General Ziauddin provides background on Afghanistan's geography and economy, noting its poor conditions and reliance on food aid. He discusses the country's internal dynamics and the major forces that have shaped its politics: Maliks established by King Zahir Shah; Warlords created by the CIA to fight Soviet occupation; and the Taliban who brought order but strict Islamic rule from 1996-2001. These three forces - Maliks, Warlords, and Taliban - continue influencing Afghanistan's unstable political situation.
Pakistan’s EX ISI Chief on Future of Afghanistan and Afghan War
General Ziauddin provides background on Afghanistan's geography and economy, noting its poor conditions and reliance on food aid. He discusses the country's internal dynamics, describing the influential roles of Maliks (tribal leaders), Warlords created by CIA funding to fight Soviets, and the Taliban. The document focuses on these three main political forces that continue shaping Afghanistan's unstable situation.
Slide 7 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016
Political Science 5 - Western Political Thought provides an overall perspective of major political movements of history from the rising of Egyptian, Greek and Roman Empires to Fascism and Communism as seen by great political thinkers from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Marx, and Lenin. Students will analyze the most important ideas and theories that have been developed from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. Students will learn that the American Founding Fathers designed a viable representative government by first dedicating themselves to careful study of the political philosophy of Europeans, with particular attention given to British political thinkers from the 16th and 17th century. The founding fathers focused primarily on the natural rights of man, which in turn varied according to the individual philosopher studied. Over the course of their study, the founding fathers openly discussed their opinions with one another so as to properly bring forth differing views in order to prudently construct a government that would protect individual liberty, as well as determine what was required of government to protect civil liberties. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals with knowledge of how classical and modern political continues to influence American government. Students will learn of multiple career options relating to the field of political science.
Imperialism97
The document discusses instances of American imperialism and covert CIA operations during the Cold War era to overthrow governments that were seen as threatening US strategic interests. It describes how the CIA orchestrated a coup in 1953 to overthrow Iran's democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh after he nationalized Iran's oil industry. It also discusses how the CIA launched Operation PB Success in 1954 to remove Guatemala's president Jacobo Árbenz from power and replace him with a dictatorship after he implemented land reforms that threatened the interests of the United Fruit Corporation.
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Pakistan’s EX ISI Chief on Future of Afghanistan and Afghan War
Pakistan’s EX ISI Chief on Future of Afghanistan and Afghan War
Slide 7 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016
Slide 7 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016
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The Persian Empire was established by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE. He allowed subject peoples to keep their own customs and institutions, and was seen as tolerant and law-giving. Darius the Great expanded the empire to its greatest extent, building Persepolis and establishing a taxation and road system. Zoroastrianism emerged during this time, teaching a dualistic battle between good and evil with Ahura Mazda representing good and Ahriman representing evil.
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Modern iran
- 2. The Geography ofThe Geography of IranIran
- 3. Iranian Oil ResourcesIranian Oil Resources
- 4. Dr. MohammadDr. Mohammad Mossadegh,Mossadegh, Prime Minister of IranPrime Minister of Iran Became Prime Minister in 1951. Nationalized the foreign oil companies. Got rid of corrupt military officials. Was toppled in a coup aided by the America CIA in 1953. The Shah of Iran Q4
- 6. Shah Reza PahlaviShah Reza Pahlavi (r. 1941 – 1977)(r. 1941 – 1977) Institutes Western reforms & ties with the West . But, the majority of his people live in poverty. Brutal Q5
- 7. The ShahThe Shah & His Wife, Farah& His Wife, Farah Iranian elite/upper- and intellectual classes: very pro-Western.
- 8. ““The WhiteThe White Revolution”Revolution” The Shah’s Reform ProgramThe Shah’s Reform Program (1963)(1963) 1. Land reform – 90% of Iran’s peasants became land owners. 2. Massive government-financed heavy industry projects. 3. Granted women more political power – the right to vote. 4. Poured government money into education – especially in rural areas where illiteracy was very high. 5. Profit-sharing for industrial workers. 6. Nationalization of forests and pasture
- 9. The Shah at GeorgeThe Shah at George Washington’s Home,Washington’s Home, 1950s1950s
- 10. The Shah withThe Shah with Several AmericanSeveral American PresidentsPresidents
- 11. The Shah withThe Shah with President JimmyPresident Jimmy CarterCarter
- 15. Iranian StudentsIranian Students Protest in BeverleyProtest in Beverley HillsHills
- 16. Anarchy &Anarchy & RevolutionRevolution The Shah leaves Iran on 1/16/79.
- 17. AyatollahAyatollah KhomeiniKhomeini Leads theLeads the RevolutionRevolution Khomeini returns to Iran on February 11, 1979. Q7
- 18. Ayatollah KhomeiniAyatollah Khomeini (r. 1979-1989)(r. 1979-1989) 1902 – 1989. Became an Islamic scholar (studied in Qom). Began to speak out against the Shah in the 1960s. Arrested and imprisoned several times by the Shah.
- 19. Triumphant MuslimTriumphant Muslim Clerics & IranianClerics & Iranian SoldiersSoldiers Q8 A theocracy is created!
- 21. The Fate of theThe Fate of the Shah’s GeneralsShah’s Generals
- 22. Iran RevolutionaryIran Revolutionary PosterPoster When the devil leaves, the angel returns!
- 23. American Embassy inAmerican Embassy in Tehran Taken OverTehran Taken Over Q9
- 24. 52 Americans Held52 Americans Held Hostage for 444 Days!Hostage for 444 Days!
- 25. President CarterPresident Carter Becomes a Hostage,Becomes a Hostage, TooToo
- 27. 52 American Hostages52 American Hostages Released in Jan.,Released in Jan., 19811981
- 30. Women in IranWomen in Iran A woman’s hijabA woman’s hijab represents herrepresents her Islamic and moralIslamic and moral
- 31. Political CartoonPolitical Cartoon CommentaryCommentary The dictatorship is gone!The dictatorship is gone! Bring on the dictatorship!Bring on the dictatorship!
- 32. Support for theSupport for the Palestinian CausePalestinian Cause The Ayatollah with Yasir Arafat. Funds Hamas and Hezbollah.
- 34. The Iran-Iraq WarThe Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)(1980-1988) Q10
- 35. The Iran-Iraq War:The Iran-Iraq War: Taking SidesTaking Sides
- 36. Secretary RumsfeldSecretary Rumsfeld & Saddam Hussein:& Saddam Hussein: 19831983
- 37. Iraqi SoldiersIraqi Soldiers At the FrontAt the Front 375,000 Iraqi casualties & 60,000 POWs!
- 38. Iranian SoldiersIranian Soldiers Q11 Over 1,000,000 Iranian casualties!
- 41. Iranian SupremeIranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah AliLeader Ayatollah Ali KhameneiKhamenei The Ayatollah represents the fundamentalist Mullahs.
- 42. AyatollahAyatollah KhatamiKhatami The Ayatollah is considered a political moderate. Q12
- 43. Support for theSupport for the Shi’ites in IraqShi’ites in Iraq TodayToday Moqtada al-Sadr, radical Shi’ite leader in Fallujah, Iraq
- 44. Another NuclearAnother Nuclear Power?Power? US satellite photo of Iranian nuclear facility near Arak.
- 45. An American view ofAn American view of Iranian nuclearIranian nuclear powerpower PINOCCHIAYATOLLAH Scott Stantis (Birmingham News) 1/28/05
- 46. A view of Iran’sA view of Iran’s nuclear power fromnuclear power from Al-JazeerahAl-Jazeerah Nobody else (particularly Iran and Arab countries) should have nuclear weapons except Israel, says Bush.
- 48. A “Shah” in theA “Shah” in the Waiting?Waiting? Reza Pahlavi (III?), 43 year-old son of the deposed Shah.
- 49. BibliographyBibliography “23 Year Pictorial History of Iran.” http://home.att.net/~iranshahr/ “Iranian.com.” www.iranian.com/Revolution/war.html . “Iran Hostage Anniversary.” CBS News. www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/01/18