Ancient middleeast
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The Persian Empire was established by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE. He allowed subject peoples to keep their own customs and institutions, and was seen as tolerant and law-giving. Darius the Great expanded the empire to its greatest extent, building Persepolis and establishing a taxation and road system. Zoroastrianism emerged during this time, teaching a dualistic battle between good and evil with Ahura Mazda representing good and Ahriman representing evil.
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Ancient middleeast 6
The document discusses the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great and Darius the Great from 580-485 BCE. It notes that Cyrus the Great allowed subject cultures to keep their own institutions and was called a "Law-Giver" by Greeks and the "anointed of the Lord" by Jews. Darius the Great extended the empire to India, built Persepolis and a canal, established a tax and road system, and created a postal network with spies. It also briefly describes Zoroastrianism, the religion founded by Zarathustra, with its dualistic concepts of good versus evil.
Ancient persians
The document summarizes key aspects of the Persian Empire from its founding under Cyrus the Great to its decline. It notes that Cyrus established a tolerant rule that allowed subject cultures to maintain their own institutions. Darius the Great expanded the empire significantly and established important administrative and infrastructure systems, such as the satrapy system of governing provinces, the Royal Road network, and a postal system. However, poor policies by later rulers like Xerxes and the military defeats at the hands of Alexander the Great ultimately led to the decline and fall of the Persian Empire.
Peoples, gods and empires (continued) his 101 chapter 2 fall 2012
The document summarizes the emergence of new states in the Near East and Aegean after the collapse of previous empires, including the Phoenicians, Hebrews, Philistines, Assyrians and Persians. The Phoenicians established coastal cities and became a powerful trading nation. The Hebrews developed monotheism and their kingdoms were later conquered. The Assyrians expanded their empire through military force and imposed their rule. The Persians then formed a massive empire under Cyrus, which was further consolidated by Darius and adopted Zoroastrianism as the dominant religion.
Persian Empire
The document discusses the key characteristics and ingredients needed to develop an empire according to a "recipe" outlined in the text. It lists strong military and extensive food/trade routes, a strong centralized government under a strong leader, systems of taxation, transportation, communication, and standardized weights/measures as important components. It also notes the importance of displaying greatness through art/architecture and tolerating diverse cultures. The document then shifts to discussing the ancient Persian Empire, outlining its expansion under Cyrus the Great and Darius I who unified the empire and established infrastructure like the Royal Road. Factors in the empire's later decline include becoming too large to control, poor leadership, intolerance of other cultures, and invasions by Greeks
Persian Empire
The Persian Empire was created by Cyrus the Great, who conquered a vast region from India to Anatolia. Under Darius I, the empire was divided into 20 provinces which allowed subject peoples to maintain their own laws, religion, and languages. This established a model of imperial rule based on tolerance of local customs. However, the Persians' failure to conquer Greece also marked the limits of their power.
Ancient Persia
Persia emerged as a powerful civilization that was successful in many aspects including religion, technology, government, and adapting to its geography. It expanded greatly through conquest under rulers like Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius, establishing a vast empire through military victories and an effective provincial system. Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion that influenced later faiths with concepts of heaven, hell, and judgment.
Ancient persia
The Persian Empire originated around 700 BC and was founded by the Achaemenids dynasty. At its height under Darius I from 522-486 BC, the Persian Empire stretched from India to Thrace in Europe. It consisted of territories including Iran, Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, India, and Asia Minor. In the 5th century BC, the Persian Empire attempted to conquer Greece but was ultimately defeated by the Greeks, preventing Persian domination and allowing Greek democracy to flourish.
History Of Iran (Persia) And Iranian (Persian) I
The document provides historical context about Iran, including:
1. Iran has a land area of 1.636 million km2 and borders several countries like Iraq, Turkey, and Afghanistan.
2. Iran has a population that is predominantly Muslim but has ethnic and linguistic diversity, with Persians being the largest ethnic group and Farsi being the primary language.
3. Ancient Iranian civilization and Zoroastrianism influenced later religions, with Zoroaster in the 1200s BC teaching concepts of judgment, heaven, hell, and resurrection that were adopted by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
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Ancient middleeast 6
The document discusses the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great and Darius the Great from 580-485 BCE. It notes that Cyrus the Great allowed subject cultures to keep their own institutions and was called a "Law-Giver" by Greeks and the "anointed of the Lord" by Jews. Darius the Great extended the empire to India, built Persepolis and a canal, established a tax and road system, and created a postal network with spies. It also briefly describes Zoroastrianism, the religion founded by Zarathustra, with its dualistic concepts of good versus evil.
Ancient persians
The document summarizes key aspects of the Persian Empire from its founding under Cyrus the Great to its decline. It notes that Cyrus established a tolerant rule that allowed subject cultures to maintain their own institutions. Darius the Great expanded the empire significantly and established important administrative and infrastructure systems, such as the satrapy system of governing provinces, the Royal Road network, and a postal system. However, poor policies by later rulers like Xerxes and the military defeats at the hands of Alexander the Great ultimately led to the decline and fall of the Persian Empire.
Peoples, gods and empires (continued) his 101 chapter 2 fall 2012
The document summarizes the emergence of new states in the Near East and Aegean after the collapse of previous empires, including the Phoenicians, Hebrews, Philistines, Assyrians and Persians. The Phoenicians established coastal cities and became a powerful trading nation. The Hebrews developed monotheism and their kingdoms were later conquered. The Assyrians expanded their empire through military force and imposed their rule. The Persians then formed a massive empire under Cyrus, which was further consolidated by Darius and adopted Zoroastrianism as the dominant religion.
Persian Empire
The document discusses the key characteristics and ingredients needed to develop an empire according to a "recipe" outlined in the text. It lists strong military and extensive food/trade routes, a strong centralized government under a strong leader, systems of taxation, transportation, communication, and standardized weights/measures as important components. It also notes the importance of displaying greatness through art/architecture and tolerating diverse cultures. The document then shifts to discussing the ancient Persian Empire, outlining its expansion under Cyrus the Great and Darius I who unified the empire and established infrastructure like the Royal Road. Factors in the empire's later decline include becoming too large to control, poor leadership, intolerance of other cultures, and invasions by Greeks
Persian Empire
The Persian Empire was created by Cyrus the Great, who conquered a vast region from India to Anatolia. Under Darius I, the empire was divided into 20 provinces which allowed subject peoples to maintain their own laws, religion, and languages. This established a model of imperial rule based on tolerance of local customs. However, the Persians' failure to conquer Greece also marked the limits of their power.
Ancient Persia
Persia emerged as a powerful civilization that was successful in many aspects including religion, technology, government, and adapting to its geography. It expanded greatly through conquest under rulers like Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius, establishing a vast empire through military victories and an effective provincial system. Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion that influenced later faiths with concepts of heaven, hell, and judgment.
Ancient persia
The Persian Empire originated around 700 BC and was founded by the Achaemenids dynasty. At its height under Darius I from 522-486 BC, the Persian Empire stretched from India to Thrace in Europe. It consisted of territories including Iran, Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, India, and Asia Minor. In the 5th century BC, the Persian Empire attempted to conquer Greece but was ultimately defeated by the Greeks, preventing Persian domination and allowing Greek democracy to flourish.
History Of Iran (Persia) And Iranian (Persian) I
The document provides historical context about Iran, including:
1. Iran has a land area of 1.636 million km2 and borders several countries like Iraq, Turkey, and Afghanistan.
2. Iran has a population that is predominantly Muslim but has ethnic and linguistic diversity, with Persians being the largest ethnic group and Farsi being the primary language.
3. Ancient Iranian civilization and Zoroastrianism influenced later religions, with Zoroaster in the 1200s BC teaching concepts of judgment, heaven, hell, and resurrection that were adopted by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Classical persia 2014
The document provides an overview of classical Persia and the Achaemenid Empire. It describes the harsh geography and social hierarchy of Persia, with mining and irrigation supported by slave labor. It highlights the innovations of Cyrus the Great in establishing a centralized hereditary monarchy and tolerant policies. The empire prospered under Darius I through bureaucracy, infrastructure like the Royal Road system, and cultural diffusion across its vast territories. However, the empire eventually declined due to overexpansion and was conquered by Alexander the Great.
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The Rise of the Persian Empire
1) Persia arose as a power in 550 BC under Cyrus the Great and came to rule an empire stretching from the Indus River to Anatolia.
2) Cyrus was a remarkable ruler who treated conquered peoples kindly and allowed freedoms of religion and self-governance within his empire.
3) Subsequent rulers like Cambyses expanded the empire but were less benevolent, while Darius organized the administration and established infrastructure like the Royal Road.
Persians
1) Persia was settled by Indo-European groups like the Medes and Persians who brought steppe traditions like horses. Neighboring Mesopotamia also provided cultural influence.
2) Cyrus the Great established the Persian Empire and Achaemenid Dynasty in the 6th century BCE, expanding the empire to include most of Western Asia.
3) Zoroastrianism became the dominant religion, introducing new concepts of judgment after death and a cosmic battle between good and evil. It influenced Persian culture.
Persian Empire
The document summarizes key aspects of the Achaemenid Persian Empire including its founding by Cyrus the Great, the establishment of an imperial bureaucracy under Darius I, and its religious foundations in Zoroastrianism. It also discusses Cyrus' policy of tolerance towards conquered peoples, Darius' failure to conquer Greece, and compares religious and cultural aspects of the Persians, Hebrews, and Phoenicians.
A look into the persian empire
The Persian Empire stretched from Egypt to Turkey between 700-500 BC. It was one of the largest and most influential empires in history. Key rulers like Cyrus the Great and Darius I expanded the empire through conquest and established an advanced government with an elite army. The Persians had a tolerant culture and advanced technology for their time. However, the empire began to decline after weak rulers and military defeats against Greece.
Ancient persia
The document discusses the ancient Persian Empire from its creation under Darius I to its religion of Zoroastrianism. It summarizes that Darius I began construction of the elaborate citadel of Persepolis, continued by his son Xerxes, and completed by his grandson Artaxerxes I. Persepolis served as a confluence of Median, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek styles. It then provides brief overviews of key Persian kings like Cyrus and Darius, important sites like Susa and Naghsh-i Rostam, artifacts like the Behistun inscription, and aspects of Persian culture, economy, and the Zoroastrian religion.
The persian empire
The Persian Empire was the largest empire in world history spanning from Europe to Egypt and the Middle East from 550-330 BCE. Zoroastrianism became the main religion, representing a change to monotheism. In the Greco-Persian Wars, 300 Spartans defeated the massive Persian army, beginning the decline of the empire. Alexander the Great then conquered the vulnerable Persian lands, burning the capital and ending Persian rule. Elements of ancient Persian culture still exist in modern-day Iran.
History Of Iran (Persia) And Iranian (Persian) Ii
The document discusses several ancient Persian empires and their roles in promoting trade. It mentions the Achaemenid Empire under Darius I in the 5th century BC which established a canal between the Nile River and Persian Gulf to encourage trade. It then discusses later Persian dynasties including the Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanid empires and how they expanded trade further through innovations like standardized coinage and measures. The document provides a timeline of Persian civilizations dating back to 6000 BC.
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Chapter 4 section 3 answers
1) Cyrus the Great ruled the Persian Empire from 559 to 530 BCE and was known for treating his subjects well. Darius reorganized the empire into 20 provinces to make it more efficient. Xerxes, son of Darius, vowed revenge on Athens and led a new invasion of Greece in 480 BCE.
2) Themistocles devised a strategy to fight Xerxes by cutting off food supplies to the Persians. Herodotus documented the Persian Wars as a conflict between freedom and dictatorship.
3) The Persians were eventually defeated at the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, marking a turning point that convinced the Persians to
Whole Persian Slide Show
The Ancient Persian Empire, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, stretched from the Indus River Valley to Anatolia at its height. It was founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great and expanded under subsequent rulers like Darius I. The empire dominated its region through military strength and established an extensive trade network along the Royal Road. Zoroastrianism became the dominant religion during this time. The empire began to decline in the 5th century BCE following its defeat by Alexander the Great and the Macedonians.
Chapter 4 Section 3 Answers
1) Cyrus the Great ruled the Persian Empire from 559 to 530 BCE and was known for treating his subjects well. Darius later reorganized the empire into 20 provinces to make it more efficient to govern.
2) Xerxes, son of Darius, vowed revenge on Athens for helping a rebellion and led a second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE. Themistocles devised a strategy to defeat the Persians by cutting off their food supply.
3) Herodotus documented the Persian Wars in his work "The Histories", describing the conflict as between freedom and dictatorship. This work is considered one of the first real histories in Western civilization.
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Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire by conquering the Median kingdom in the 6th century BC. The Persian Empire went on to dominate Mesopotamia for over 800 years and conquered several other empires including Egypt, Syria, parts of Asia Minor, and India. The Persian government, called a Satrapy, was similar to the Roman republic and divided the empire into provinces ruled by governors. Darius I helped expand the empire further and established a new type of centralized government during his rule in the 5th century BC.
Mesopotamia lesson
The document summarizes the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between 3000 BCE to 330 BCE. It discusses the Sumerians, Akkadian Empire, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians and their contributions. The Sumerians established the first cities and invented cuneiform writing. The Babylonians developed laws under Hammurabi and made advances in mathematics. The Persians were led by Cyrus the Great and established a large empire with different provinces governed by satraps.
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The Persian Empire originated in southwestern Iran, where the Persians began as nomadic herders. Under Cyrus the Great from 559 to 530 BC, the Persians united into a powerful kingdom. By 539 BC, the Persians had conquered Mesopotamia, Babylon, Asia Minor, Syria, Canaan, and Phoenician cities. Cyrus established a merciful rule and allowed captive Jews to return home. The Persians built an extensive road system, including the 1600-mile Royal Road from Asia Minor to their capital of Susa. Darius came to power in 521 BC and divided the empire into 20 provinces administered by satraps who collected taxes, enforced laws, and recruited soldiers for
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The Medes and Persians migrated from central Asia to Persia (southwest Iran) where they established powerful empires. The Achaemenid Empire arose in the 6th century BCE under Cyrus the Great, who established the first Persian Empire and allowed conquered peoples to maintain their own traditions. At its height, the Empire stretched from Egypt to India. Subsequent rulers like Darius expanded the Empire through conquest and established infrastructure like the Royal Road. The Empire declined after defeats to Alexander the Great, though Persian cultural influences remained long after.
Persian Empires
The Achaemenid Empire ruled Persia from 539-330 BCE and was founded by Cyrus the Great. It originated from the Medes and Persians peoples and expanded greatly under Darius I and Xerxes I. The empire fell to the Greeks and Macedonians. The Achaemenids established a centralized administration system with satraps and standardized laws, currency, and taxes. Zoroastrianism became the dominant religion, promoted by rulers like Darius I. The empire engaged in extensive trade networks that reached across Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean and imported goods from lands like India, Central Asia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.
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2) It discusses key figures like the Buddha and Ashoka, and the development of religions like Buddhism, Jainism, and popular forms of Hinduism.
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Classical persia 2014
The document provides an overview of classical Persia and the Achaemenid Empire. It describes the harsh geography and social hierarchy of Persia, with mining and irrigation supported by slave labor. It highlights the innovations of Cyrus the Great in establishing a centralized hereditary monarchy and tolerant policies. The empire prospered under Darius I through bureaucracy, infrastructure like the Royal Road system, and cultural diffusion across its vast territories. However, the empire eventually declined due to overexpansion and was conquered by Alexander the Great.
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This Slideshow is about how Perisa started, it's rulers, customs, and religion. By Kathleen, Rebecca, and Daniela.
The Rise of the Persian Empire
1) Persia arose as a power in 550 BC under Cyrus the Great and came to rule an empire stretching from the Indus River to Anatolia.
2) Cyrus was a remarkable ruler who treated conquered peoples kindly and allowed freedoms of religion and self-governance within his empire.
3) Subsequent rulers like Cambyses expanded the empire but were less benevolent, while Darius organized the administration and established infrastructure like the Royal Road.
Persians
1) Persia was settled by Indo-European groups like the Medes and Persians who brought steppe traditions like horses. Neighboring Mesopotamia also provided cultural influence.
2) Cyrus the Great established the Persian Empire and Achaemenid Dynasty in the 6th century BCE, expanding the empire to include most of Western Asia.
3) Zoroastrianism became the dominant religion, introducing new concepts of judgment after death and a cosmic battle between good and evil. It influenced Persian culture.
Persian Empire
The document summarizes key aspects of the Achaemenid Persian Empire including its founding by Cyrus the Great, the establishment of an imperial bureaucracy under Darius I, and its religious foundations in Zoroastrianism. It also discusses Cyrus' policy of tolerance towards conquered peoples, Darius' failure to conquer Greece, and compares religious and cultural aspects of the Persians, Hebrews, and Phoenicians.
A look into the persian empire
The Persian Empire stretched from Egypt to Turkey between 700-500 BC. It was one of the largest and most influential empires in history. Key rulers like Cyrus the Great and Darius I expanded the empire through conquest and established an advanced government with an elite army. The Persians had a tolerant culture and advanced technology for their time. However, the empire began to decline after weak rulers and military defeats against Greece.
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The document discusses the ancient Persian Empire from its creation under Darius I to its religion of Zoroastrianism. It summarizes that Darius I began construction of the elaborate citadel of Persepolis, continued by his son Xerxes, and completed by his grandson Artaxerxes I. Persepolis served as a confluence of Median, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek styles. It then provides brief overviews of key Persian kings like Cyrus and Darius, important sites like Susa and Naghsh-i Rostam, artifacts like the Behistun inscription, and aspects of Persian culture, economy, and the Zoroastrian religion.
The persian empire
The Persian Empire was the largest empire in world history spanning from Europe to Egypt and the Middle East from 550-330 BCE. Zoroastrianism became the main religion, representing a change to monotheism. In the Greco-Persian Wars, 300 Spartans defeated the massive Persian army, beginning the decline of the empire. Alexander the Great then conquered the vulnerable Persian lands, burning the capital and ending Persian rule. Elements of ancient Persian culture still exist in modern-day Iran.
History Of Iran (Persia) And Iranian (Persian) Ii
The document discusses several ancient Persian empires and their roles in promoting trade. It mentions the Achaemenid Empire under Darius I in the 5th century BC which established a canal between the Nile River and Persian Gulf to encourage trade. It then discusses later Persian dynasties including the Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanid empires and how they expanded trade further through innovations like standardized coinage and measures. The document provides a timeline of Persian civilizations dating back to 6000 BC.
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Persian Empire Presentation
This is our presentation on the Persian Empire. It is a product of the work and effort of Monisha, Caitlin, and Rachel of team 8 in global class period 1.
Chapter 4 section 3 answers
1) Cyrus the Great ruled the Persian Empire from 559 to 530 BCE and was known for treating his subjects well. Darius reorganized the empire into 20 provinces to make it more efficient. Xerxes, son of Darius, vowed revenge on Athens and led a new invasion of Greece in 480 BCE.
2) Themistocles devised a strategy to fight Xerxes by cutting off food supplies to the Persians. Herodotus documented the Persian Wars as a conflict between freedom and dictatorship.
3) The Persians were eventually defeated at the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, marking a turning point that convinced the Persians to
Whole Persian Slide Show
The Ancient Persian Empire, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, stretched from the Indus River Valley to Anatolia at its height. It was founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great and expanded under subsequent rulers like Darius I. The empire dominated its region through military strength and established an extensive trade network along the Royal Road. Zoroastrianism became the dominant religion during this time. The empire began to decline in the 5th century BCE following its defeat by Alexander the Great and the Macedonians.
Chapter 4 Section 3 Answers
1) Cyrus the Great ruled the Persian Empire from 559 to 530 BCE and was known for treating his subjects well. Darius later reorganized the empire into 20 provinces to make it more efficient to govern.
2) Xerxes, son of Darius, vowed revenge on Athens for helping a rebellion and led a second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE. Themistocles devised a strategy to defeat the Persians by cutting off their food supply.
3) Herodotus documented the Persian Wars in his work "The Histories", describing the conflict as between freedom and dictatorship. This work is considered one of the first real histories in Western civilization.
SaNeterTVwithBroReggie
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Persian Empire
Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire by conquering the Median kingdom in the 6th century BC. The Persian Empire went on to dominate Mesopotamia for over 800 years and conquered several other empires including Egypt, Syria, parts of Asia Minor, and India. The Persian government, called a Satrapy, was similar to the Roman republic and divided the empire into provinces ruled by governors. Darius I helped expand the empire further and established a new type of centralized government during his rule in the 5th century BC.
Mesopotamia lesson
The document summarizes the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between 3000 BCE to 330 BCE. It discusses the Sumerians, Akkadian Empire, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians and their contributions. The Sumerians established the first cities and invented cuneiform writing. The Babylonians developed laws under Hammurabi and made advances in mathematics. The Persians were led by Cyrus the Great and established a large empire with different provinces governed by satraps.
The Persian Empire-Cyrus The Great
The Persian Empire originated in southwestern Iran, where the Persians began as nomadic herders. Under Cyrus the Great from 559 to 530 BC, the Persians united into a powerful kingdom. By 539 BC, the Persians had conquered Mesopotamia, Babylon, Asia Minor, Syria, Canaan, and Phoenician cities. Cyrus established a merciful rule and allowed captive Jews to return home. The Persians built an extensive road system, including the 1600-mile Royal Road from Asia Minor to their capital of Susa. Darius came to power in 521 BC and divided the empire into 20 provinces administered by satraps who collected taxes, enforced laws, and recruited soldiers for
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The achaemenid empire
The Medes and Persians migrated from central Asia to Persia (southwest Iran) where they established powerful empires. The Achaemenid Empire arose in the 6th century BCE under Cyrus the Great, who established the first Persian Empire and allowed conquered peoples to maintain their own traditions. At its height, the Empire stretched from Egypt to India. Subsequent rulers like Darius expanded the Empire through conquest and established infrastructure like the Royal Road. The Empire declined after defeats to Alexander the Great, though Persian cultural influences remained long after.
Persian Empires
The Achaemenid Empire ruled Persia from 539-330 BCE and was founded by Cyrus the Great. It originated from the Medes and Persians peoples and expanded greatly under Darius I and Xerxes I. The empire fell to the Greeks and Macedonians. The Achaemenids established a centralized administration system with satraps and standardized laws, currency, and taxes. Zoroastrianism became the dominant religion, promoted by rulers like Darius I. The empire engaged in extensive trade networks that reached across Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean and imported goods from lands like India, Central Asia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.
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This document summarizes the key events in the historical research analysis process, which includes determining the authenticity, provenance, authorship, and credibility of historical sources. It outlines several steps for analyzing sources, such as identifying dates, locations, authors, and analyzing factual versus conflicting statements. The goal is to synthesize information and develop an understanding of historical entities and events through reasoning about available evidence.
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Presentation.pptx
The Achaemenid Empire was a massive Persian empire from 550-330 BC, spanning from Egypt to India. It was founded by Cyrus the Great and had five major capitals, including Babylon and Persepolis. Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion, and the empire was ruled by a monarchy. At its height, the Achaemenid Empire was the largest empire in history by percentage of world population and land area governed. However, it ultimately fell to Alexander the Great's invading armies in 330 BC.
DaoismConfucius and his followers believed in moral action.docx
Daoism
Confucius and his followers believed in moral action. They thought men of virtue should devote themselves
to making the government work to the benefit of the people. Those who came to be labeled Daoists
disagreed. They thought striving to make things better generally made them worse. They sought to go
beyond everyday concerns and to let their minds wander freely. Rather than making human beings and
human actions the center of concern, they focused on the larger scheme of things, the whole natural order
identified as the Way, or Dao (DOW).
Dao
The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order.
Early Daoist teachings are known from two surviving books, the
third century B.C.E. Laozi (LOU-dzuh), the putative author of the
the text ascribed to him has been of enduring importance. A recurrent theme in this brief, aphoristic text is
the mystical superiority of yielding over assertion and silence over words: “The Way that can be discussed is
not the constant Way.” Because purposeful action is counterproductive, the ruler should let people return to
a natural state of ignorance and contentment:
Do not exalt the worthy, so that the people shall not compete.
Do not value rare treasures, so that the people shall not steal.
Do not display objects of desire, so that the people’s hearts shall not be disturbed.
Therefore in the government of the sage,
He keeps their hearts vacuous,
Fills their bellies,
Weakens their ambitions,
And strengthens their bones.
He always causes his people to be without knowledge or desire,
And the crafty to be afraid to act.
By acting without action, all things will be in order.
In the philosophy of the Laozi, the people would be better off if they knew less, gave up tools, renounced
writing, stopped envying their neighbors, and lost their desire to travel or engage in war.
Zhuangzi ( JWANG-dzuh) (369–286 B.C.E.), the author of the book of the same name, shared many of the
central ideas of the Laozi. The Zhuangzi is filled with parables, flights of fancy, and fictional encounters
between historical figures, including Confucius and his disciples. A more serious strain of Zhuangzi’s
thought concerned death. He questioned whether we can be sure life is better than death. When a friend
expressed shock that Zhuangzi was not weeping at his wife’s death but rather singing, Zhuangzi explained:
When she died, how could I help being affected? But as I think the matter over, I realize that originally she
had no life; and not only no life; she had no form; not only no form, she had no material force. In the limbo
of existence and non-existence, there was transformation and the material force was evolved. The material
force was transformed to be form, form was transformed to become life, and now birth has transformed to
become death. This is like the rotation of the four seasons, spring, summer, fall, and winter. Now she lies
05/17/2020 - RS0000000000000000000001258591 (M
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istor.
Ancient Persia
Ancient Persia had a thriving culture characterized by religion, arts, and interactions with its landscape. Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion, influencing others. The Persians created intricate pottery and world-renowned carpets. They danced to praise gods and used natural resources like minerals for trade. Leaders like Cyrus the Great and Darius expanded the empire through conquest while respecting local peoples. The culture and interactions through trade, arts, and resource use defined the Persians.
Ancient Persia By D.J., A.T., And E.G. Period 8
Ancient Persia had a thriving culture characterized by religion, arts, and interactions with its landscape. Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion, influencing others. The Persians created intricate pottery and world-renowned carpets. They danced to praise gods and used natural resources like minerals for trade. Leaders like Cyrus the Great and Darius expanded the empire through conquest while respecting local peoples. The culture and interactions through trade, arts, and resource use defined the Persian civilization.
Global Project Persia
The document provides information about the ancient Persian Empire, including its geography, climate, government, culture, and key rulers like Cyrus the Great. The Persian Empire spanned a vast area under rulers who established an advanced system of governance with administrative divisions and a network of roads. Zoroastrianism was an influential religion that emphasized choices between good and evil. Persian achievements included architectural feats, artworks, and technological advances.
Global Project Persia
The document provides information about the ancient Persian Empire, including its geography, climate, government, culture, and key rulers like Cyrus the Great. The Persian Empire spanned a vast area under rulers who established an influential form of governance that granted religious freedom and cultural expression. Zoroastrianism became a dominant religion during this time. The empire reached its peak under rulers like Cyrus and Darius, who expanded its territories through conquest while instituting policies of tolerance.
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- 4. Cyrus the Great 580 – 529 B. C. E. A tolerant ruler he allowed different cultures within his empire to keep theirown institutions. The Greeks called hima “Law-Giver.” The Jews called him“the anointed of the Lord.” (In 537,
- 5. Darius the Great (526 – 485 B. C. E.) Built Persepolis. He extended the Persian Empire to the Indus Riverin northern India. (2 mil. s.q. mi.) Built a canal in
- 6. Darius the Great (526 – 485 B. C. E.) Established a tax-collecting system. Divided the empire into districts called SATRAPIES. Built the great Royal Road system. Established a complex postal system. Created a networkof spies
- 8. Persepolis
- 9. The People of Persepolis
- 11. Persian Archers & Soldiers
- 12. Zarathustra [Zoroaster], 6c BCE: GoodThoughts, GoodDeed, GoodWords “Tree of Life”
- 14. Dualistic Battle of Good vs. Evil Ahura Mazda “Holy Spirit” Ahriman “Destructive Spirit”
- 15. Zend-Avesta (The “Bookof Law”) The “Sacred Fire” the force to fight evil.