PowerPoint for the Algerian war for independence.

1. AlgeriaAlgeria
Terrorism or Freedom Fighters?Terrorism or Freedom Fighters?

2. What is Terrorism?What is Terrorism?
 ““the use of violencethe use of violence
and threats toand threats to
intimidate or coerceintimidate or coerce
(get people to do(get people to do
something),something),
especially for politicalespecially for political
purposes.”purposes.” – Merriam-– Merriam-
Webster’s DictionaryWebster’s Dictionary

3. Terrorism- 9/11Terrorism- 9/11

4. AlgeriaAlgeria
 Algerian IndependenceAlgerian Independence
 Belligerents (the groups fighting):Belligerents (the groups fighting):
 FLN (French term, “National Liberation Front” or theFLN (French term, “National Liberation Front” or the Front deFront de
Libération NationaleLibération Nationale in French)in French)
 French Colonials (called “Colons”)French Colonials (called “Colons”)
 AlgeriaAlgeria
 French colony since 1830sFrench colony since 1830s
 French “Colons” (French that lived in Algeria) claimedFrench “Colons” (French that lived in Algeria) claimed
all good land and resources.all good land and resources.
 Algerians left with nothing but scraps.Algerians left with nothing but scraps.
 French have lived in Algeria for centuries, consideredFrench have lived in Algeria for centuries, considered
Algeria “part of France.”Algeria “part of France.”

5. Decisions, Decisions…Decisions, Decisions…
 The FLN forms inThe FLN forms in
1956.1956.
 ““We want youWe want you out!out!””
 StructureStructure
 No leaders, but insteadNo leaders, but instead
“cells” structure“cells” structure
 Up to 30% of AlgeriansUp to 30% of Algerians
involved!!!involved!!!
 Heavily outnumberedHeavily outnumbered
 ““Take to the bush”Take to the bush”
 Guerilla WarGuerilla War
 VowVow
 Fight as long as it takesFight as long as it takes
to get what they want.to get what they want.

6. Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding
 What was the name of the Algerian groupWhat was the name of the Algerian group
that was fighting for independence fromthat was fighting for independence from
France?France?
 Is there a clear leader of the Algerians?Is there a clear leader of the Algerians?
 What kind of tactics do the Algerians use?What kind of tactics do the Algerians use?

7. FLN Begins FightingFLN Begins Fighting
 Since the French haveSince the French have
taken all- all French aretaken all- all French are
enemies.enemies.
 Attacks on military andAttacks on military and
political places.political places.
 Full-out attack. OfficersFull-out attack. Officers
and soldiers targeted.and soldiers targeted.
 Attacks on Colons (FrenchAttacks on Colons (French
civilians living in thecivilians living in the
Algerian lands)Algerian lands)
 No one is safe fromNo one is safe from
attack.attack.

8. Tactics on Both SidesTactics on Both Sides
 Both French andBoth French and
Algerians use brutalAlgerians use brutal
tactics (methods oftactics (methods of
fighting)fighting)
 Algerians and French bothAlgerians and French both
attack and harm innocentattack and harm innocent
peoplepeople
 French claim they areFrench claim they are
putting down an uprising;putting down an uprising;
Algerians claim they areAlgerians claim they are
doing what is necessarydoing what is necessary
for independence.for independence.
 Neither side takesNeither side takes
prisoners; both sides useprisoners; both sides use
torture.torture.

9. Check for MORE UnderstandingCheck for MORE Understanding
 Who does the FLN target in this conflict?Who does the FLN target in this conflict?
 If a French soldier or an FLN officerIf a French soldier or an FLN officer
surrendered, what would happen to them?surrendered, what would happen to them?

10. New Ruler= New CountryNew Ruler= New Country
 De Gaulle (WWII general)De Gaulle (WWII general)
takes over Francetakes over France
 Gives Algeria a vote: DoGives Algeria a vote: Do
you want independence?you want independence?
 Algeria is made a freeAlgeria is made a free
country in 1963country in 1963

11. Terrorism, or not?Terrorism, or not?
 TerrorismTerrorism
 Similar “cell” structureSimilar “cell” structure
 Harming innocent peopleHarming innocent people
to make a pointto make a point

Willing to do anythingWilling to do anything
 Freedom FighterFreedom Fighter
 Usually a clear group ofUsually a clear group of
leadersleaders
 Fighting to getFighting to get
IndependenceIndependence
 Innocent people could getInnocent people could get
harmed, mainly targetharmed, mainly target
militarymilitary

12. For Your InformationFor Your Information
 The British teach their students about the “colonialThe British teach their students about the “colonial
traitors and terrorists” that broke away in the latetraitors and terrorists” that broke away in the late
1700s… We call ourselves heroes and patriots.1700s… We call ourselves heroes and patriots.
 Other issues:Other issues:
 British have called Irish terrorists for centuries.British have called Irish terrorists for centuries.
 India has claimed that the British were terrorists.India has claimed that the British were terrorists.
 Israelites and Palestinians claim the other is terrorist.Israelites and Palestinians claim the other is terrorist.
 Terrorism in the Middle EastTerrorism in the Middle East
 Maybe the lesson is…Maybe the lesson is…
 Terrorism is defined by the group who uses the word.Terrorism is defined by the group who uses the word.
 Colonialism (one country taking over another country for its landColonialism (one country taking over another country for its land
and resources) breeds this conflict, as we have seen in Congo,and resources) breeds this conflict, as we have seen in Congo,
Uganda, Rwanda, Sierra Leone…Uganda, Rwanda, Sierra Leone…