yardımcı
14. Let's
a. suggestion
Let's go to the beach this weekend. The weather is supposed to be nice.
Let's meet at the cafe at 5pm.
15. Shall
a. suggestion
Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
Shall I help you with your homework?
16. Why don't
a. suggestion
Why don't we invite some friends over for dinner this weekend?
Why don't you take a break and get some fresh air? You've been working hard.
17. Would you mind
a. polite request
Would you mind if I joined you for lunch?
Would you mind helping me with this project? I could really
This document discusses different types of conditional clauses in English, known as "if clauses". It describes 6 main types:
Type 0 and Type I deal with real possibilities in the present or future. Type 0 shows a consistent result, while Type I shows a possible result. Type II, III, and mixed types deal with unreal or contrary-to-fact conditions in the present or past. Type II expresses an unreal present condition, Type III an unreal past condition, and mixed types combine aspects of both. Examples are provided for each type along with their typical structures. Other conditional expressions like "unless", "as long as", "so long as", "wish", and "even if"
The document summarizes the evolution of the author from an introverted, shy person with low self-esteem to becoming successful with women through learning pickup artist (PUA) techniques. It describes the steps taken, including taking a TEFL course abroad to improve social skills, building a new wardrobe, reading self-help books, improving physical appearance, and moving to London to fully immerse himself in practicing approaches and refining his skills over many months of going out 4 nights a week. Key turning points included his first successful long conversation with a group, realizing he did not need to ask permission to kiss, and having his first make-out and one-night stand, which gave him confidence in his abilities.
This document is a pocket guide for marketers to help them overcome fears about writing and provide tips for becoming better writers. It covers getting over the fear of writing, becoming a writer through developing your own voice and understanding your audience and format. It also discusses writing techniques like word choice, rhythm, and emotion. Additional sections cover the writing process, revising, editing, and finishing writing. The conclusion emphasizes that becoming a good writer simply requires writing more. Additional resources are provided.
This document is a pocket guide for overcoming fears about writing and becoming a better writer. It contains five parts: 1) Getting Over the Fear, which provides advice and quotes to help the reader overcome common excuses for not writing. 2) Becoming a Writer, offering tips on developing one's voice, writing for an audience, and determining the purpose and format of a piece of writing. 3) Writing and Words, focusing on choosing effective words, substance over style, writing with rhythm and emotion. 4) Being Done, emphasizing the importance of revising, editing, being brief, and just finishing. 5) Conclusion, noting that becoming a good writer requires practice over memorizing principles. Additional resources are provided.
This document discusses common grammatical mistakes made in Indian English, which the author refers to as "Indianisms." It provides 10 examples of these Indianisms, including phrases like "pass out" instead of "graduate," "kindly revert" instead of "reply," and "discuss about" instead of "discuss." For each example, the author explains the correct English usage and sometimes provides a humorous example of the mistaken phrase. The author advocates improving English skills while also embracing these unique Indian phrases as part of the culture and language.
The document provides advice on various aspects of writing, including:
- Cultivating cultural literacy and understanding your audience.
- Addressing the right audience and understanding context.
- American English being a blend of many languages rather than "pure."
- The importance of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and understanding various punctuation marks.
- Writing about what you know and telling your own stories.
- Developing style through understanding rules of grammar.
- Not being afraid to speak your truth.
The Great Book Of Best Quotes Of All Time By Abhi SharmaAbee Sharma
An organized collection of very best quotes of all time in very systematic way as an interactive PDF. Customized according to alphabetical order & Contains quotes of Great legends & some top most categories as books, music, A.I, movies, teamwork, Business etc. An organized collections of 200+ pages & 2000+ quotes. The great book of best quotes of all time.
Sabbatical (Open Polytechnic) - Faculty as Scholars: Tips for Becoming Effect...Michael Barbour
Barbour, M. K. (2011, April). Faculty as scholars: Tips for becoming effective researchers and writers. An invited presentation to the Open Polytechnic, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
This document discusses different types of conditional clauses in English, known as "if clauses". It describes 6 main types:
Type 0 and Type I deal with real possibilities in the present or future. Type 0 shows a consistent result, while Type I shows a possible result. Type II, III, and mixed types deal with unreal or contrary-to-fact conditions in the present or past. Type II expresses an unreal present condition, Type III an unreal past condition, and mixed types combine aspects of both. Examples are provided for each type along with their typical structures. Other conditional expressions like "unless", "as long as", "so long as", "wish", and "even if"
The document summarizes the evolution of the author from an introverted, shy person with low self-esteem to becoming successful with women through learning pickup artist (PUA) techniques. It describes the steps taken, including taking a TEFL course abroad to improve social skills, building a new wardrobe, reading self-help books, improving physical appearance, and moving to London to fully immerse himself in practicing approaches and refining his skills over many months of going out 4 nights a week. Key turning points included his first successful long conversation with a group, realizing he did not need to ask permission to kiss, and having his first make-out and one-night stand, which gave him confidence in his abilities.
This document is a pocket guide for marketers to help them overcome fears about writing and provide tips for becoming better writers. It covers getting over the fear of writing, becoming a writer through developing your own voice and understanding your audience and format. It also discusses writing techniques like word choice, rhythm, and emotion. Additional sections cover the writing process, revising, editing, and finishing writing. The conclusion emphasizes that becoming a good writer simply requires writing more. Additional resources are provided.
This document is a pocket guide for overcoming fears about writing and becoming a better writer. It contains five parts: 1) Getting Over the Fear, which provides advice and quotes to help the reader overcome common excuses for not writing. 2) Becoming a Writer, offering tips on developing one's voice, writing for an audience, and determining the purpose and format of a piece of writing. 3) Writing and Words, focusing on choosing effective words, substance over style, writing with rhythm and emotion. 4) Being Done, emphasizing the importance of revising, editing, being brief, and just finishing. 5) Conclusion, noting that becoming a good writer requires practice over memorizing principles. Additional resources are provided.
This document discusses common grammatical mistakes made in Indian English, which the author refers to as "Indianisms." It provides 10 examples of these Indianisms, including phrases like "pass out" instead of "graduate," "kindly revert" instead of "reply," and "discuss about" instead of "discuss." For each example, the author explains the correct English usage and sometimes provides a humorous example of the mistaken phrase. The author advocates improving English skills while also embracing these unique Indian phrases as part of the culture and language.
The document provides advice on various aspects of writing, including:
- Cultivating cultural literacy and understanding your audience.
- Addressing the right audience and understanding context.
- American English being a blend of many languages rather than "pure."
- The importance of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and understanding various punctuation marks.
- Writing about what you know and telling your own stories.
- Developing style through understanding rules of grammar.
- Not being afraid to speak your truth.
The Great Book Of Best Quotes Of All Time By Abhi SharmaAbee Sharma
An organized collection of very best quotes of all time in very systematic way as an interactive PDF. Customized according to alphabetical order & Contains quotes of Great legends & some top most categories as books, music, A.I, movies, teamwork, Business etc. An organized collections of 200+ pages & 2000+ quotes. The great book of best quotes of all time.
Sabbatical (Open Polytechnic) - Faculty as Scholars: Tips for Becoming Effect...Michael Barbour
Barbour, M. K. (2011, April). Faculty as scholars: Tips for becoming effective researchers and writers. An invited presentation to the Open Polytechnic, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
Modals are verbs that are considered "incomplete" because they act partly like verbs but not completely. There are core modals like shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could that are followed by the base form of other verbs and don't take -s in the third person singular. Modals have similar meanings to expressions like "have to", "be supposed to", "be allowed to", and "ought to". Modals can be tricky because their meanings change in the negative and past tense forms.
The document provides an agenda for a TESOL certificate program discussing classes on linguistics, teaching modals and clauses. It then explains the form of modal auxiliaries and provides teaching ideas for modals of probability and their meaning and uses. Finally, it defines phrases and clauses, discusses different types of clauses and conjunctions used with clauses.
The document discusses variation in the verb phrase, specifically focusing on modal verbs and semi-modal verbs in English. It provides examples of the 9 main modal verbs - can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would, and shall - and how they are used to express meanings related to possibility, necessity, obligation, etc. It also discusses semi-modal verbs like have to, be going to, used to and their functions.
This document discusses modal forms in English. It explains that modals are irregular verbs that are used to express ideas like ability, permission, possibility, obligation and prediction. Some examples of modal verbs given are could, ought to, should, and will. The document promises that after reviewing it, the reader will understand what modal forms are and how to use them to make sentences. It then provides a quiz with example sentences containing various modal verbs like could, can, able and will.
TURKISH TENSES, MODALS and LINKING VERBS in TURKISH and ENGLISH ARE DESCRIBED...Our Sad Loss, 1930-2018
This document provides an overview of Turkish verb tenses, modals, and linking verbs and their English equivalents. It begins with an explanation of the color coding used to identify different parts of speech. It then discusses the Turkish simple present tense (geniş zaman) in detail, explaining the tense morphemes, subject allomorphs, and how verbs are conjugated based on whether they end in vowels or consonants. Examples are provided to illustrate usage. The document also notes differences between Turkish and English word order for predicates involving objects. It concludes by listing some transitive verbs in Turkish that take indefinite or definite objects.
This document discusses modal verbs, including their definition, structure, and usage. Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that indicate modality or possibility and include can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to, and must. The document explains that modal verbs do not change form for third person singular, do not require auxiliaries to form negatives or questions, and do not have infinitives or -ing forms. Examples are provided for how each modal verb is used to indicate ability, permission, possibility, necessity, suggestion, or other meanings.
The document discusses modal verbs in English. Some key points:
- Modal verbs behave differently than regular verbs and don't take "-s" in the third person. Common modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would.
- Each modal verb has specific meanings and uses, such as expressing ability, permission, possibility, certainty, obligation, recommendations, predictions, and more.
- Modal verbs are not used in past tenses or future tenses. For example, "He will can go" is incorrect.
- Examples are provided to illustrate the meanings and uses of each modal verb.
This document summarizes the uses and meanings of various modal verbs in English. It discusses modals like will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must and semi-modals like need to, ought to, had better, have to. It explains how they are used to indicate abilities, permissions, advice, criticism, obligations and degrees of certainty. Various tenses and forms of each modal are provided with examples to illustrate their meanings in different contexts.
This document defines and provides examples of common modal verbs in English. It discusses how modal verbs differ from regular verbs in terms of conjugation. The modal verbs covered include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would, have to, have got to, had better, and must. Examples are provided to illustrate the different meanings and uses of each modal verb. Common uses include expressing ability, permission, possibility, necessity, obligation, advice, and more. Exercises with multiple choice questions are also included to reinforce understanding of modal verb usage.
The document discusses modal verbs and their usage. It defines modal verbs as auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb. It lists common modal verbs like can, may, must, etc. and explains they are used to express ideas like possibility, obligation, permission. The document also discusses how modal verbs are used without inflections and how they form negatives and questions. It outlines the meanings of different modal verbs and provides examples of their usage. Finally, it discusses "perfect modal verbs" which are used to talk about past possibilities and assumptions.
This document summarizes Chapter 9 from a textbook on modals. It covers a variety of modal verbs and how they are used to express politeness, necessity, expectations, intentions, suggestions and advice. Key modals discussed include: may, can, must, have to, should, ought to, be supposed to, would, will, could, shall, let's, why don't. Examples are provided to illustrate the different meanings and uses. Students are prompted to practice using modals to make suggestions for helping an elderly person.
This document provides expressions for:
1. Making offers and responding to offers in 3 sentences with examples.
2. Expressing regret in 2 sentences and examples of conversations expressing regret.
3. Summarizing the sections on expressing possibility, indifference, shock, preferences, describing people/things, obligation, prohibition, and asking for/giving advice in 1 sentence each.
Modal verbs are used to express ideas like possibility, necessity, permission, and obligation. The main modal verbs in English are can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must. Modal verbs do not change form based on time or tense. They are used with other verbs to modify meanings like ability, suggestion, permission, expectation, obligation, certainty and possibility. Each modal verb has specific meanings and uses in sentences.
The document discusses different modal verbs used to give advice in English, including "should", "ought to", and "had better". It explains that while "should" and "ought to" are used to suggest something is a good idea, "had better" implies there will be negative consequences if the advice is not followed. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of these modal verbs of advice in affirmative, negative, and question forms.
The document provides examples of language structures that can be used to persuade or convince someone, including imperatives, conditional structures, future tenses, and phrases like "there is/are" to introduce problem-solving scenarios. It also gives an example dialogue where a girl is trying to convince a boy to study for an exam by using positive language and maintaining eye contact. Finally, the document lists some typical words used in persuading and convincing such as "you will be better" and "I do not think you should".
The document discusses various modal verbs and expressions used to make polite requests, give advice, express necessity, intentions, expectations, suggestions, and past regrets. It provides examples of different modals and when they should be used, such as using "would you mind" when asking for permission or a favor from someone.
The document discusses perspectives and how having different perspectives can empower a person. It provides definitions and examples of perspectives, including perspectives on oneself, relationships, business, and life events. The story about a man and his son traveling with their donkey illustrates how perspectives can change based on different people's opinions. Building perspectives is presented as a foundation for success and confidence, but perspectives can also act as roadblocks or protective goggles that shape one's view of the world.
Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key differences are that modal verbs don't take "-s" in the third person and use "not" to form negatives. Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, and will. Modal verbs have different meanings and uses depending on whether they are expressing ability, permission, possibility, conditionals, repetition in the past, or other concepts.
The document discusses modal verbs which are used to express meanings like requests, permission, advice, probabilities and obligations. Modal verbs have no meaning on their own but are used to help other verbs express their meanings. Examples are provided of modal verbs used in different contexts like making requests, giving advice, and expressing probabilities. Common modal verbs discussed are can, could, may, might, should, must, will and would.
This document discusses modal verbs and their uses. Modal verbs are helping verbs that convey ability, permission, obligation, or possibility. They are followed by the base form of the main verb. Some common modal verbs are can, could, may, might, have to, must, should, and shouldn't. The document provides examples of how these modal verbs are used and practiced, such as expressing abilities, permissions, obligations, advice, and probabilities. It also discusses grammar exercises involving the use of modal verbs.
This document discusses modal verbs and their uses. Modal verbs are helping verbs that convey ability, permission, obligation, or possibility. They are followed by the base form of the main verb. Key modal verbs covered include can/could for ability or permission, may/might for permission or possibility, have to for obligation, must/mustn't for strict rules, and should/shouldn't for advice. Examples are provided for the different uses of each modal verb. The document concludes with exercises to practice using modal verbs.
Modal verbs are helping verbs that provide additional information about the main verb that follows. They indicate things like ability, permission, possibility, obligation, future tense, and more. Some key points about modal verbs:
1. They don't use 's' for third person singular like normal verbs.
2. They make questions through subject-verb inversion like "can she go?"
3. They are followed directly by the infinitive form of the main verb without using "to."
Modal verbs have different meanings - may, can, should are used to talk about permission, advice, and possibility. Must and have to express obligation. Modal verbs also indicate levels of certainty from certain to possible.
Modals are verbs that are considered "incomplete" because they act partly like verbs but not completely. There are core modals like shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could that are followed by the base form of other verbs and don't take -s in the third person singular. Modals have similar meanings to expressions like "have to", "be supposed to", "be allowed to", and "ought to". Modals can be tricky because their meanings change in the negative and past tense forms.
The document provides an agenda for a TESOL certificate program discussing classes on linguistics, teaching modals and clauses. It then explains the form of modal auxiliaries and provides teaching ideas for modals of probability and their meaning and uses. Finally, it defines phrases and clauses, discusses different types of clauses and conjunctions used with clauses.
The document discusses variation in the verb phrase, specifically focusing on modal verbs and semi-modal verbs in English. It provides examples of the 9 main modal verbs - can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would, and shall - and how they are used to express meanings related to possibility, necessity, obligation, etc. It also discusses semi-modal verbs like have to, be going to, used to and their functions.
This document discusses modal forms in English. It explains that modals are irregular verbs that are used to express ideas like ability, permission, possibility, obligation and prediction. Some examples of modal verbs given are could, ought to, should, and will. The document promises that after reviewing it, the reader will understand what modal forms are and how to use them to make sentences. It then provides a quiz with example sentences containing various modal verbs like could, can, able and will.
TURKISH TENSES, MODALS and LINKING VERBS in TURKISH and ENGLISH ARE DESCRIBED...Our Sad Loss, 1930-2018
This document provides an overview of Turkish verb tenses, modals, and linking verbs and their English equivalents. It begins with an explanation of the color coding used to identify different parts of speech. It then discusses the Turkish simple present tense (geniş zaman) in detail, explaining the tense morphemes, subject allomorphs, and how verbs are conjugated based on whether they end in vowels or consonants. Examples are provided to illustrate usage. The document also notes differences between Turkish and English word order for predicates involving objects. It concludes by listing some transitive verbs in Turkish that take indefinite or definite objects.
This document discusses modal verbs, including their definition, structure, and usage. Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that indicate modality or possibility and include can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to, and must. The document explains that modal verbs do not change form for third person singular, do not require auxiliaries to form negatives or questions, and do not have infinitives or -ing forms. Examples are provided for how each modal verb is used to indicate ability, permission, possibility, necessity, suggestion, or other meanings.
The document discusses modal verbs in English. Some key points:
- Modal verbs behave differently than regular verbs and don't take "-s" in the third person. Common modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would.
- Each modal verb has specific meanings and uses, such as expressing ability, permission, possibility, certainty, obligation, recommendations, predictions, and more.
- Modal verbs are not used in past tenses or future tenses. For example, "He will can go" is incorrect.
- Examples are provided to illustrate the meanings and uses of each modal verb.
This document summarizes the uses and meanings of various modal verbs in English. It discusses modals like will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must and semi-modals like need to, ought to, had better, have to. It explains how they are used to indicate abilities, permissions, advice, criticism, obligations and degrees of certainty. Various tenses and forms of each modal are provided with examples to illustrate their meanings in different contexts.
This document defines and provides examples of common modal verbs in English. It discusses how modal verbs differ from regular verbs in terms of conjugation. The modal verbs covered include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would, have to, have got to, had better, and must. Examples are provided to illustrate the different meanings and uses of each modal verb. Common uses include expressing ability, permission, possibility, necessity, obligation, advice, and more. Exercises with multiple choice questions are also included to reinforce understanding of modal verb usage.
The document discusses modal verbs and their usage. It defines modal verbs as auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb. It lists common modal verbs like can, may, must, etc. and explains they are used to express ideas like possibility, obligation, permission. The document also discusses how modal verbs are used without inflections and how they form negatives and questions. It outlines the meanings of different modal verbs and provides examples of their usage. Finally, it discusses "perfect modal verbs" which are used to talk about past possibilities and assumptions.
This document summarizes Chapter 9 from a textbook on modals. It covers a variety of modal verbs and how they are used to express politeness, necessity, expectations, intentions, suggestions and advice. Key modals discussed include: may, can, must, have to, should, ought to, be supposed to, would, will, could, shall, let's, why don't. Examples are provided to illustrate the different meanings and uses. Students are prompted to practice using modals to make suggestions for helping an elderly person.
This document provides expressions for:
1. Making offers and responding to offers in 3 sentences with examples.
2. Expressing regret in 2 sentences and examples of conversations expressing regret.
3. Summarizing the sections on expressing possibility, indifference, shock, preferences, describing people/things, obligation, prohibition, and asking for/giving advice in 1 sentence each.
Modal verbs are used to express ideas like possibility, necessity, permission, and obligation. The main modal verbs in English are can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must. Modal verbs do not change form based on time or tense. They are used with other verbs to modify meanings like ability, suggestion, permission, expectation, obligation, certainty and possibility. Each modal verb has specific meanings and uses in sentences.
The document discusses different modal verbs used to give advice in English, including "should", "ought to", and "had better". It explains that while "should" and "ought to" are used to suggest something is a good idea, "had better" implies there will be negative consequences if the advice is not followed. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of these modal verbs of advice in affirmative, negative, and question forms.
The document provides examples of language structures that can be used to persuade or convince someone, including imperatives, conditional structures, future tenses, and phrases like "there is/are" to introduce problem-solving scenarios. It also gives an example dialogue where a girl is trying to convince a boy to study for an exam by using positive language and maintaining eye contact. Finally, the document lists some typical words used in persuading and convincing such as "you will be better" and "I do not think you should".
The document discusses various modal verbs and expressions used to make polite requests, give advice, express necessity, intentions, expectations, suggestions, and past regrets. It provides examples of different modals and when they should be used, such as using "would you mind" when asking for permission or a favor from someone.
The document discusses perspectives and how having different perspectives can empower a person. It provides definitions and examples of perspectives, including perspectives on oneself, relationships, business, and life events. The story about a man and his son traveling with their donkey illustrates how perspectives can change based on different people's opinions. Building perspectives is presented as a foundation for success and confidence, but perspectives can also act as roadblocks or protective goggles that shape one's view of the world.
Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key differences are that modal verbs don't take "-s" in the third person and use "not" to form negatives. Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, and will. Modal verbs have different meanings and uses depending on whether they are expressing ability, permission, possibility, conditionals, repetition in the past, or other concepts.
The document discusses modal verbs which are used to express meanings like requests, permission, advice, probabilities and obligations. Modal verbs have no meaning on their own but are used to help other verbs express their meanings. Examples are provided of modal verbs used in different contexts like making requests, giving advice, and expressing probabilities. Common modal verbs discussed are can, could, may, might, should, must, will and would.
This document discusses modal verbs and their uses. Modal verbs are helping verbs that convey ability, permission, obligation, or possibility. They are followed by the base form of the main verb. Some common modal verbs are can, could, may, might, have to, must, should, and shouldn't. The document provides examples of how these modal verbs are used and practiced, such as expressing abilities, permissions, obligations, advice, and probabilities. It also discusses grammar exercises involving the use of modal verbs.
This document discusses modal verbs and their uses. Modal verbs are helping verbs that convey ability, permission, obligation, or possibility. They are followed by the base form of the main verb. Key modal verbs covered include can/could for ability or permission, may/might for permission or possibility, have to for obligation, must/mustn't for strict rules, and should/shouldn't for advice. Examples are provided for the different uses of each modal verb. The document concludes with exercises to practice using modal verbs.
Modal verbs are helping verbs that provide additional information about the main verb that follows. They indicate things like ability, permission, possibility, obligation, future tense, and more. Some key points about modal verbs:
1. They don't use 's' for third person singular like normal verbs.
2. They make questions through subject-verb inversion like "can she go?"
3. They are followed directly by the infinitive form of the main verb without using "to."
Modal verbs have different meanings - may, can, should are used to talk about permission, advice, and possibility. Must and have to express obligation. Modal verbs also indicate levels of certainty from certain to possible.
This document contains three lessons:
1. The first lesson discusses relative clauses, which provide additional information about something in a sentence. They can be essential or non-essential information.
2. The second lesson covers auxiliary verbs like "can", "could", "must", and "may" and their uses for ability, permission, requests, and possibility.
3. The third lesson explains the future form "going to", which is used to talk about plans and predictions based on present evidence, such as "I'm going to see him later today" or "It's going to rain soon."
The Power of No: 12 Things to Say “No” To TodayJamesAltucher
Adapted from the book "The Power of No: Because One Little Word Can Bring Health, Abundance, and Happiness" by James Altucher and Claudia Azula Altucher
http://www.amazon.com/The-Power-No-Abundance-Happiness/dp/1401945872
James Altucher Podcast
https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-james-altucher-show/id794030859?mt=2
This document discusses English modal auxiliary verbs and their functions. It provides examples of 10 modal verbs - can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, have to/has to. It explains their uses such as expressing: ability, advice, intention, obligation, permission, possibility, prohibition, suggestion. For each modal, it gives examples of how they are used for different tenses and contexts. It also includes exercises matching modal verbs to their functions and examples.
This document provides information and examples about using modal verbs like "should", "ought to", and "had better" to give advice. It explains that "should" and "ought to" are used to suggest something is a good idea without negative consequences, while "had better" implies there could be negative consequences if the advice is not followed. Examples are given for how to use each modal verb in positive, negative, and question forms. Practice questions and scenarios are also included to help understand when and how to properly use these modal verbs for giving advice.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
english modals
1. Modals
Modal’lar en genel tanımıyla cümle içerisinde üslup belirtmek için kullanılırlar. Cümle de hangi modal’ın
kullanılacağı cümlenin hangi context içinde kullanıldığında bağlıdır.
Meaning
Modals
Present / Future
Ability
“Yetenek”
Must
Have to
Had to
Do/does not have to
Do/does not need to
Non necessity
Gerekli değil
Did not have to
Did not need to
%50
Be likely to
May
Might
Can
Could
Must
Possibility
“olasılık”
%95
Permission
“İzin”
Suggestion
“Öneri”
Preference
“Tercih”
Was-were likely to
May have V3
Might have V3
Can have V3
Could have V3
Must have V3
Can
Could “polite”
May “more polite”
Past çekimleri yok.
Can
Could
Would
Might
Will
Past çekimleri yok
Should
Ought to
Had better stronger
Should have V3
less polite
Advice
“Tavsiye”
Could
Was – were able to
Can
Be able to
Necessity
gereklilik
Request
Rica
Past
More polite
Let’s V1
Shall We/I
Why don’t Subject
Would you mind If I Past Simple? Ben yapsam
Would you mind Ving? Siz yaparsanız?
Would rather V1
Would sooner V1
Would rather sone Past Simple
Would prefer Ving
Like Ving better than
Past çekimi yoktur.
Past çekimi yoktur.
Prohibition
Yasaklama
Can not
Must not
Past çekimi yoktur.
Expectation
Beklenti
Be to
Be supposed to
Was were to
Was were supposed to
Repeated actions
in the past
Would
Used to
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2. 1. Can
a. ability “Yeterlilik”
Loneliness can take many forms and cannot be detected by looking at someone.
Can you give me any specific examples?
The telescope can pick up signals in the universe that are 10 billion light years away.
Not: CAN yeterlilik anlamında kullanıldığında;
Geçmiş zamanda Could olarak çekimlenir.
Kağan could read when he was 4 years old.
Geçmiş zamanda Was-were able to zor bir şeyi başarmak anlamındadır.
Emre was able to persuade his father to go abroad.
Gelecek zamanda ise Will be able to olarak çekimlenir.
Ali will be able to play bağlama next month.
b. possibility “Olasılık”
His is paintings can become valuable assets in the future.
Our dreams are important and can reveal what we unconsciously desire.
Missing breakfast can affect a child’s ability to manage complex information
Geçmişte olması imkansız olan durumlar için Can’t have V3
Yasin can’t have stolen that book from the library.
Özge can’t have told my sicret to her friends.
c. informal permission
“izin”
You can use my notebook.
Can I enter the room?
d. informal polite request “kibar teklif”
I suppose we can take a walk in the garden for a while after the meal, can’t we?
Excuse me, we are all waiting patiently, can you please join the queue?
e. impossibility (negative only)
“olasılıksızlık”
You can’t pass this exam by only studying grammar and vocabulary.
Salih can’t be at the AVM because he is in the classroom now.
Extra: Can’t help Ving “kendini alamamak”
I can’t help wondering where you get the energy for it!
Detect: hissetmek
Pick up: almak
Valuable: değerli
Asset: varlık
Reveal: ortaya çıkarmak
Manage: düzenlemek
2.
Could
a. Past ability “geçmişte yeterlilik”
Until the last minute, we could not find out whether or not he would agree to sign
the treaty.
b. Present possibility “olasılık”
Renewable fuels could improve the US economy and help it to become less
dependent on other countries.
c. Polite request – Permision “kibar rica ve izin”
Could you bring some papers?
Could you give me a week to think it over?
Suppose: varsaymak
Patiently: sabırla
Join: katılmak
Pass: geçemek
Wonder: merak etmek
Find out: farketmek
Agree: anlaşmak
Treaty: anlaşma
Renewable: yenilenebilir
Improve: geliştirmek
Depend on:bağımlı olma
Could have V3: geçmişte olması beklenen ama gerçekleşmeyen durumlarda;
You could have called us but you didn’t.
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He could have passed the exam but he did not study enough.
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3. 3. Must
a. strong necessity “güçlü gereklilik”
Children must master three basic skills in order to be successful in school.
I have looked through the report, but I must admit, only superficially.
For something to be considered cultural, it must be learned as well as shared.
b. 95% certainty
“olasılık”
Gold must be the only element in the world that has really stirred men’s dreams.
One of them must be lying, and I suspect it is Emma.
c. prohibition (negative) “Yasaklama”
You must not smoke in a closed place.
You must not take a photo around a military zone.
d. Inference “Çıkarım”
He is ill and confined to his bed so he must be terribly bored and in need of company.
4. Have to:
a. necessity “Gereklilik”
Employees have to arrive at work on time every day.
Check-in clerks have to check the tickets of passengers, and take their luggage.
b. Lack of necessity
Do not have to: bir şeyi yapmaya gerek yok anlamındadır.
You do not have to come here tomorrow as you have not any lessons tomorrow.
5. Need
a. Necessity “Gereklilik”
The rural people in Africa need to be trained efficiently.
The West needs to keep talking to Russia about many things.
Your paper needs to be extensively revised.
b. Lack of necessity: Do not need to
We don’t need to phone for a taxi! There are always plenty at the corner.
He really doesn’t need to come at 5 o’clock. The film doesn’t start till half-past.
c. Need + Ving “edilgen yapı zorunluluk”
I have a book that needs returning.
d. Necessity in the past
He needed to stop smoking if he wanted to get back to his days of glory.
6. Should / Ought to:
a. Necessity (gereklilik)
Language learning should include a real life use of language.
Doctors should inspire a feeling of trust, not fear.
b. Advise – Responsibility “Tavsiye- sorumluluk”
I think you should solve your problem right away.
One should protect the environment even if this causes fuel prices to rise
Had better:
a. Advise – Responsibility “Tavsiye- sorumluluk
It’s up to you. If you want to give up the lessons then you had better do so.
They don’t want us to be late for the meeting, so we had better take a taxi.
Look through: incelemek
Admit: Kabul etmek
Consider: düşünmek
As well as: hem de
Stir: duygu uyandırmak
Suspect: şüphelenmek
Military: askeri
Confine to: hapsolmak
In need of: ihtiyaç duyma
Arrive: varmak
Passenger: yolcu
Train: eğitmek
Efficiently: etkili
Keep Ving: sürdürmek
Revise: gözden geçirmek
Extensively: geniş ölçüde
Return: geri dönmek
Get back: geri dönmek
Glory:
Include: içermek
Real: gerçek
Inspire: ilham vermek
Solve: çözmek
Right away: derhal
Protect: korumak
Rise: artmak
Give up: bırakmak
Dismiss: işten atılmak
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Basic: temel, esas
Master: öğrenmek
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4. 7. Supposed to
a. expectation
Teachers are supposed to wear suits at school.
Architects are supposed to give more attention to appearance than construction.
8. Be to
a. strong expectation
Students are to do their homework before they come to school.
9. MAY/MIGHT
a. Possibility less than 50% certainty ”Olasılık”
Air pollutants may or may not be the primary stress that results in forest decline.
You might be good at research, but your arguments are extremely controversial.
A drug may affect several functions, even though it’s targeted at only one.
Don’t do anything while you are so angry; you may regret it later.
b. Polite Request “Rica”
May I take a look at the figures?
c. Formal Offer “Teklif”
You might as well follow the advice from the researcher.
We might as well try to get this report finished within three week
d. Permission “İzin isteme-verme”
Attention: ilgi, dikkat
Appearance: görüntü
Construction: yapı
Pollutant: kirletici
Primary: temel, esas
Result: sonuç
Decline: azalma gerileme
Extremely: aşırı derecede
Controversial:
Target: hedeflemek
Prevent: önlemek
Extinction: yok olmak
Regret: pişman olmak
Follow: takip etmek
Advice: Tavsiye
Try to: denemek
If you would like to ask any questions you may do so.
10. Would
a. polite request
If the weather is nice at the weekend, we plan to go to the lake and have a
picnic there; Saturday, probably. Would you like to join us?
Join: katılmak
b. repeated action the past
I would get up at 5 o’clock when I was high school.
11. Used to
a. repeated action in the past
I used to play basketball several times a week while I was at university.
When we lived in İzmir, I used to go to a concert every week.
Be used to:
Present da alışkanlık bildirir.
Busy people are used to doing things quickly.
Windmills have been used to produce electricity for thousands of years.
Some people are so used to being directed by an authority.
Be accustomed to:
Present da alışkanlık bildirir.
Salih is accustomed to reading books.
Yasin is accustomed to living in Germany.
Get used to:
Present da alışmaya başlamak.
I am getting used to getting up early nowadays.
It was during my university years that I got used to playing basketball.
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Quickly: alel acele
Produce: üretmek
Windmill: yel değirmeni
Direct: yönlendirmek
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5. 12. WILL
a. 100% certainty
There will be 50 researchers there aiming to develop intelligent, independent robots.
If it’s going to be hot and crowded I will certainly not go there.
b. willingness
I can’t possibly produce the play, but I’ll willingly help with the costumes.
c. polite request
Will you come with us?
Aim: amaçlamak
Develop: geliştirmek
Independent: bağımsız.
Crowded: kalabalık
Certainly: kesinlikle
Produce: üretmek
13. Be going to
a. 100% certainty
More robots are going to be needed in Japan as the population increases.
He’s not going to make my speech today on the effects of the economic crisis.
If one is going to play the piano one needs to start at an early age!
b. definite plan
He’s certainly going to recommend that the changes in the structure of the
company be introduced step by step.
Population: nüfus
Increase: artmak
Would rather do something (present)
All my classes are after lunch, but I would rather teach in the morning.
Thank you for considering me for this position, but I’ve decided I’d
rather stay where I am for now.
Would rather have done (past)
Galileo would rather have been a musician like his father.
Would rather somebody did something: unreal present
I would rather him treated students more humanistic way.
Her father would rather her allocated much time to his parents.
Would rather someone had done something: Unreal Past
I would rather her had been much strong person.
Would you mind doing something?
Would you mind closing the door please?
Would you mind if I did something?
Would you mind if I smoked here?
Would like
Would prefer Noun
Would love
Would you like a cup of tea?
Kağan would prefer an ice-cream. (Present)
Would you like coffee or would you prefer tea?
Would like
Would prefer
to Verb
Would love
Would you like to watch the match?
I would prefer to study my lesson rather than go to cafe.
Shall
a. Polite question to make a suggestion with "I" or "we" as subject
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Shall we go to cinema?
Tarık İnce
Crisis: kriz
Exactly: tam, kesin
Certainly: kesinlikle
Structure: yapı
Allocate: ayırmak
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6. Modals Past
Must have V3
Inference in the past “Çıkarım yapma”
His ankle is wrapped in a bandage. He must have twisted his ankle.
You have been very successful; but you must have had some disappointments.
He must have had some sound reasons for drawing up such a rigid timetable.
Wrap: sarmak
Twist: burkulma
Disappointment: düş kırıklığı
Draw up: düzenlemek.
Rigid: sert
Can’t have V3
Impossibility in the past “olamaz”
The president can’t have said those words.
Yasin can’t have made such an easy mistake.
Nurullah can’t have gone to Istanbul last week.
Could have V3 “olabilirdi ama olmadı”
Possibility in the past negative meaning “geçmişte olasılık”
Nobody could have predicted the impact of the steam engine in 1750.
Following a wrong guideline could have been catastrophic.
A true partnership between develop and developing countries could have
achieved a breakthrough.
Should have v3: “olmalıydı ama olmadı”
You should have thought possible consequences before. “a ahmak!
We should have weighed the matter more carefully at the start
You should have told us you were entering the competition; why didn’t you?
Nuclear weapons should have been prohibited before that deadly war.
Your family are very upset. You should have done your best.
May – Might have V3 “olmuş olabilir”
I wish I’d known about the competition; I might have entered photographs, too.
What they did may have been legal, but it was still unfair to dismiss him in that way
She reads a lot, so she may have read it already.
Need have V3 “gerekliydi ama olmadı”
I failed my exams. I need have studied much more. But I did not study.
Need not have V3: “gereksizdi ama yaptı”
Yesterday morning it was raining. I need not have watered the plants. But I
was bored and I watered them.
Real Past Modals
May have V3 “olmuş olabilir”
Might have V3 “olmuş olabilir”
Must have V3 “kesinlikle olmuştur”
Can’t have V3”kesinlikle olmamıştır”
Did not need to V1
Did not have to
Unreal past modals
Could have V3”olabilirdi ama olmadı”
Need have V3 “olmalıydı ama olmadı”
Would have V3 “olabilirdi ama olmadı”
Should have V3 “olmalıydı ama olmadı”
need not have V3
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7. Not: modal soruları zaman bilgisi hatırlanmadan ve göz önünde bulundurulmadan çözülmemelidir.
Çünkü cümle de hangi modal’ın kullanılacağı cümlenin zamanına bağlıdır.
Özellikle test sorularında seçenekleri elemek için zaman çok işe yarar.
Tarık İnce
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