The document discusses various modal verbs and expressions used to make polite requests, give advice, express necessity, intentions, expectations, suggestions, and past regrets. It provides examples of different modals and when they should be used, such as using "would you mind" when asking for permission or a favor from someone.

1. Chapter 9Blue Azar, 4th Ed.

2. 9-1: Basic Modal IntroductionWhat do the following modals show?Would you open the door?You may open the door, Steve.You’d better do your homework.Go to pg. 204-polite request-permission given-urgent advice

3. 9-2: Polite Requests w/ “I”Polite requests allow the speaker to show respect for the listener. Give me your pencil.vs.Can I borrow your pencil?Which one is more polite?

4. 9-2: Polite Requests w/ “I”(use may, could, can)MayI borrow your dictionary?Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.CouldI borrow your dictionary?Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.CanI borrow your dictionary?Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.Uh-huh.FORMALINFORMALUse PLEASE in these TWO places:MayI pleaseborrow your dictionary?

5. MayI borrow your dictionary, please?9-3: Polite Requests w/ “You”(use would, will, could, can)Would you pick me up tonight?Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.Willyou pick me up tonight?Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.Could you pick me up tonight?Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.Can you pick me up tonight?Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.FORMALFORMALFORMALINFORMALUse PLEASE in these TWO places:Would youpleasepick me up tonight?

6. Would you pick me up tonight, please?TWO different ways to use “Would you mind…”When YOU ask permission:Would you mind if I+ verb + -edQ: Would you mind ifI borrowed your car?A: Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.9-4: Polite Requests “Would you mind.."Yes, actually I need it this week.Not at all. Have fun with my car!

7. TWO different ways to use “Would you mind…”When YOU ask someone to do something for you:Would you mind + verb + -ingQ: Would you mindpicking me up tonight?A: Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.9-4: Polite Requests “Would you mind.."Not at all. / No problem. / I’d be glad to.I’m sorry, but I can’t.When would you use “Would you mind…”?

8. Polite Requests REVIEWYou forgot your electronic dictionary, and you want to borrow your classmates’. How many ways can you politely ask her if you can borrow it?4May I borrow your electronic dictionary?CouldI borrow your electronic dictionary?CanI borrow your electronic dictionary?Wouldyoumind if I borrowed your electronic dictionary?**Notice that “I” is the subject.**Notice the SIMPLE PAST in “would you mind”When would you use “Would you mind”?

9. Polite Requests REVIEWYou forgot to lock your apartment door, so you ask your roommate if she can lock it for you. How many ways can you politely ask her to lock it?5Would you lock the door for me?Willyou lock the door for me?Couldyou lock the door for me?Canyou lock the door for me?Wouldyou mind locking the door for me?**Notice that “you” is the subject.**Notice the ING in “would you mind”When would you use “Would you mind”?

10. You want to do something, so you ask your classmate for permission:Would you mind if I+ verb + -edYou want your classmate to do something for you:Would you mind + verb + -ingPolite Requests REVIEW

11. 9-5: Expressing Necessity(use must, have to, have got to)Necessity  when something is required or neededAmericans mustpay taxes.Americans have to pay taxes.I have to talk to my advisor.I musttalk to my advisor.I have got totalk to my advisor. (I’ve gotta talk to my advisor.)Which sentences (A, B or C, D) have the same meaning? Why?Which is stronger, A or B?Which is more commonly used, C or D? What is the difference in meaning?When do you use E?

12. 9-5: Expressing PAST Necessity(use had to)PAST necessity  when something WAS required or needed in the pastChange “I have totalk to my advisor.” to past necessity.I hadtotalk to my advisor.I’m so sorry. I couldn’t have lunch with you because I hadtotalk to my advisor.

13. 9-6: Lack of Necessity(use do not have to)lack of necessity  when something is NOT required or neededWe don’t have toregister for our classes at school. We can register online.You think it’s a requirement, but it’s not.We must not register for our classes at school. We can register online.Does A and B have the same meaning?--NO. When you use “must not” it means…

14. 9-6: Prohibition(use must not)prohibition  “Don’t do this!”You must nottouch the electrical wires.You must nottell anyone my secret.You must notcheat on tests.Let’s look at the difference in meaning:You must notcheat on tests.You don’t have tocheat on tests.

15. REVIEW: 9-5, 9-6(have to, must, don’t have to, must not)Plants ___ have water in order to live.A lot of people ___ leave their homes to go to work. They can work from their home offices.To stay alive, people ___ breathe oxygen.People who have diabetes will have serious health problems if they eat foods with a lot of sugar. They ___ eat foods with a lot of sugar.A salesperson ___ motivate people to buy his/her product.My room is a mess, but I ___ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.I ___ get some help with my writing course. If I don’t, I won’t pass it.

16. 9-7: Giving advice(use should, ought to, had better)You shouldgo to the doctor.You ought togo to the doctor.You awtta go to the doctor.You had bettergo to the doctor.You better go to the doctor.STRONGSTRONGERSTRONGESTNegative Form:Youshouldn’t watch so much TV.

17. You’d better nottellanyone.9-8: Past form of shouldshould have + past participlepast form of should expresses REGRET/made a mistakeI shouldhave listenedto my parents.I shouldn’thave listened to my friend.

18. 9-9: Expectations(use be supposed to)My friend is supposed topick me up at 5 P.M.Police officers are supposed toprotect people.I am supposed toget a 550 on the TOEFL.My friend was supposed topick me up at 5 P.M.Which sentence(s) expresses a situation where someone expects something to happen?Which sentence(s) expresses an expectations about a behavior?Which sentence(s) expresses an unfulfilled expectation?

19. 9-10: Unfulfilled Intentions(use was going to / were going to)My friend is going topick me up at 5 P.M.I am going togo to the library afterschool.My friend was going to pick me up at 5 P.M., but he got stuck in traffic. He’ll be here at 6 P.M.Jo and Mary were going to go to the library afterschool, but they decided to go to a party instead.Which sentence(s) expresses a future activity?Which sentence(s) expresses a past intention?In #3, what did his friend PLAN to do? Did he do it?In #4, what did they PLAN to do? Did they do it?

20. 9-10: Unfulfilled Intentions(use plan, hope, intend, think about)My friend was planning to pick me up at 5 P.M., but he got stuck in traffic. He’ll be here at 6 P.M.John and Sarah werehopingto have a baby girl, but she gave birth to a boy.I was intending to go to Stanford, but I’m going to Harvard instead.Jo and Mary were thinking about going to the library afterschool, but they decided to go to a party instead.

21. 9-11/9-12: Making Suggestions(use Let’s, Why don’t, Shall I/we, could, should)Bob: What do you want to do tonight?Jo: Let’swatch TV.Ann: We always do that. Why don’twego to Mike’s house?Bob: I don’t really like Mike. We couldplay tennis at the park. We should play tennis at the park.Jo: I don’t have a tennis racket. I should’ve bought one when it was on sale.Ann: Shallwe just stay home and watch TV?Jo: Good idea.