1. The document discusses modal verbs and their communicative functions in English. It provides a table listing common modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, should, would, must, have to, used to, be used to and their functions in giving additional information about the mood of the main verb. 2. The table provides examples of sentences using different modal verbs and their communicative functions such as possibility, ability, advice, obligation, habit, preference, and capacity. 3. The document also notes some characteristics of modal verbs, which do not take -s in the third person singular present, or need do/does to form negatives or interrogatives. Modal verbs also do not take an

1. MODALVERBS

2. MODAL VERBS COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTION EXAMPLES
Permiso Can I dance here?
CAN Posibilidad Anybody can make
mistakes.
Poder Habilidad He can speak English but
he can´t write it very well.
COULD
Pud(e), Podría
Habilidad Pasada I never could play the
guitar.
Posibilidad (past/future) My son could walk when
he was one year old.
MAY Permiso May I use your dictionary?
Poder Posibilidad He may be lost.
MIGHT podría Conjetura (in the future) It might rain tonight.
SHOULD Sugerencia / Consejo All dentists should know
about safeguards.
Debería Obligación leve / moral You should do as he says.
OUGHT TO Obligation You ought to start at once.
MODAL VERBS
A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type
of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality. They give additional information about
the mood of the main verb that follows it.

3. Hábito pasado Every morning he would
go for a long walk.
Condición (WOULD + IF) He´ll always talk for hours
if you give him the chance.
WOULD Preferencia (WOULD + RATHER=
preferiría)
When I´m thirsty, I´d
rather have a cold drink
Gusto /Deseo / Ofrecimiento cortes
(WOULD + LIKE= gustaría)
I´d like to start working on
the new project tomorrow.
TO BE ABLE TO
Estar en capacidad de
Capacidad/ Habilidad Her doctor is able to repair
the unilateral cleft palate
HAVE TO
Tener que
Obligación Smoking is very unhealthy,
you have to stop it.
USED TO
solía
Hábito Pasado He used to walk 5 kms
daily.
BE USED TO
Estar acostumbrado a
Hábito Presente I´m used to having lunch
at 12:00 o´clock.
MUST Obligación You must keep your office
tidy.
Deber Deducción / Suposición They must be at the lab.
MODAL VERBS COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTION EXAMPLES

4. CARACTERÍSTICAS DE ESTOS VERBOS:
No llevan -s en la tercera persona del
singular del presente simple.
No necesitan -do o -does para formar la
negativa ni la interrogativa.
Nunca llevan infinitivo con to detrás, excepto
be able to, need to, have to y ought to..

5. EXERCISES
DETERMINA LA FUNCIÓN COMUNICATIVA Y TRADUCE LA
ORACIÓN.
1. A definition of remineralization can be given as the reposition of
mineral into incipient caries lesion. F.C.: POSIBILIDAD
2. A physical examination should reveal tenderness of
temporomandibular joints. F.C:
3. Physicians must warn parents about the hazards and risks of
toddles. F.C:
4. Some clinicians would rather use the pulp capping procedure.
F.C.:
5. Most of dentist are used to working long hours. F.C:
6. It could have been a good treatment for reducing the rate of tooth
decay a few years ago. F.C:

6. Escriba la Función Comunicativa (F.C) de las siguientes oraciones y luego tradúzcalas al
Español
1. Computer addiction can be defined as the excessive or compulsive use of the
computer. F.C.___________________________________
2. In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the
same material. F.C._____________________________________
3. Some robots may respond to speech or be even medical operating tools.
F.C.___________________________________
4. Any regular worker could program Baxter and it only takes a matter of minutes,
unlike usual industrial robots that take extensive programs and coding in order to be
used.
F.C.___________________________________
5. They haven’t been able to find the missing document. F.C._________________________
6. This might be the fastest way to drive to New York. F.C._________________________
7. You must finish this project for the next moth. F.C._________________________
8. They used to work together for a long time. F.C._______________________________
Some sentences were twken from:
https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/reading-robots.php

7. 1. Indica la función comunicativa de los verbos modales
resaltados en la lectura
2. Luego traduce las oraciones al castellano

8. Until patients are able to reach a dentist, there are several steps they can take
to treat their condition and reduce their pain. Prompt treatment of dental
emergencies would allow the injury to be contained before more extensive
damage occurs. A dentist may perform various types of treatments depending
on the nature of the injury.
Not all dental emergencies can be prevented. However, people have taken
steps to reduce the risk of injuries that can lead to dental emergencies,
such as wearing protective equipment during athletics and seat belts
while riding in a car. Regular dental examinations also allow a dentist to track
potential weaknesses and other problems that could result in a tooth or soft-
tissue injury down the line.

9. PALABRA TRADUCCIÓN PALABRA TRADUCCIÓN
Misshapen Deforme Dislodged Desalojado
Rise Subir, levantarse Crack Grieta
Extruded Extruído Fall out Caer (se)
Discomfort Incomodidad Mild Leve
Chips Pedacitos Prompt Rápido
Track Pista Weaknesses Debilidades.
Stuck Pegado Debris Restos
Socket Alveolo Seek Buscar
Flap on Colgajo Lodge Alojar
Hulls Conchas Undergo Sufrir
Risk Riesgo Knocked out Eliminar /remover
Con la ayuda del diccionario, construye tu propio vocabulario.
Vocabulario lectura Dental emergency. Pag. 101.