The modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, should, and ought to. They are used to express ability, permission, possibility, necessity, prohibition, advice, and obligation. They have special grammatical rules - they do not have past tense forms or "to" before the infinitive form of other verbs. Examples are given of how each modal verb is used, including common expressions and negatives. Key differences between must and have to as well as must and mustn't are explained. Practice exercises follow for using the modal verbs correctly.

1. Teacher: Kátia Rosa Azevedo2ªsérie matutino3ºbimestreSlide 1VERBOS MODAIS (MODAL VERBS)

2. The modal verbs are Can = poderCould = poder (passado)May = poderMight = poderMust = dever Should = dever Ought to = dever

3. No (to ) in theinfinitiveform to can (wrong) - can (correct)to must(wrong) – must (correct)

4. No (to) afterthe modal verbs I can (to) dance (NO) I can danceexception : ought to Youought to do yourlessonsvocê deveria fazer sua lição

5. NegativeformCan = can´t, cannotCould = couldnot – couldn´tMay = maynotMight = mightnot, mightn´tMust = mustn´t, mustnotShould = shouldnot, shouldn´tOught to = oughtnot to, oughtn´t

6. Interrogativeform Inverte a posição do sujeito com verboShecanspeakEnglishCanshespeakEnglish?

7. No s in thethirdperson I canYoucanHe canShecanIt canWecanTheycan

8. MODAL VERBSverbos auxiliares modais são verbos que só ocorrem na presença de outro verboI can ride a bikeYoumayberightShemuststayherYoushouldread

9. Não têm passado nem futuro (com exceção do can).Devido à alta freqüência com que ocorrem na língua, os verbos modais tornam-se imprescindíveis

10. Can - Couldability:I canspeakEnglish - Eu consigo falar inglês.Wecanseethelakefromourbedroom. (Nós podemos ver o lago da janela do nosso quarto). permission: Can I smokehere? - Posso fumar aqui?Can I leaveearly?Deduction (can´t)Steve can´t havegone to church. He ´s anatheist

11. Can - CouldPedidos e SolicitaçõesCanyouchangethis light bulb for me?DeductionBrad can´t besick. I spoke to himten minutes ago.

12. Could funciona como passado e como futuro do pretérito de can:passado: I couldn'tspeakEnglishbeforegoing to England. Youcouldn'tsmoke in thepresenceofyourparentsatthat time. Eu não sabia falar inglês antes de ir para a Inglaterra. Não se podia fumar na presença dos pais, naquela época.

13. Could- futuro do pretéritoYoucouldhavecalled me. Couldyou do me a favor? Pedir e dar permissão- Você poderia ter me ligado. Você poderia me fazer um favor?

14. MayPermission:May I smokehere? Posso fumar aqui?May I take some ofyourpainkiller?Possibility:It mayraintoday. Pode ser que chova hoje I maybesufferingfromaneatingdisorder.

15. Mightremotepossibility:It mightrainthis weekend. É capaz de chover no próximo fim de semana.

16. ShouldAdvice: Youshouldstudy more. Youshouldn´t overeatVocê deveria estudar mais.

17. MustProhibition: Youmustn'tget out ofbed. Você não pode sair da cama.Obligation/necessidadeYoumuststop smoking. Você tem que parar de fumar.

18. MUST: é usado para dizermos que alguma coisa que temos certeza é verdadeira.Inference, logicaldeduction.Linda mustgetverybored in herjob. She does thesamethingeveryday. (Linda deve ficar muito chateada em seu emprego. Ela faz a mesma coisa o dia todo). He musthavetheflu. He hasallthetypicalsymptoms.You’vebeentravellingallday. Youmustbetired. (Você viajou o dia todo. Você deve estar cansado).

19. HAVE TO:é usado para dizermos que realmente é necessário fazer alguma coisa. (ter que)Exemplos: Youcan’tturnrighthere. Youhave toturnleft. (Você não pode virar a direita aqui. Você tem de virar a esquerda). Myeyesightisn’tverygood. I have towearglasses for reading. (Minha visão não está muito boa. Eu tenho de usar óculos para ler).

20. Must / have towe use mustandhave to toexplainthatsomething is necessaryI have to phone Jan at 9:00I mustfinishmyhomeworkbefore 8:00

21. SHOULD: é usado para dar conselhos ou opiniões.Exemplos: Youlooktired. Youshouldgo to bed. (Você parece cansado. Você deveria ir para a cama). Youshouldn’tbelieveeverythingyouread in thenewspapers. (Você não deveria acreditar em tudo que você lê nos jornais).

22. Mustn´t/ don´t have tohavedifferentmeaningsMustn´t describes na actionwhich is prohibitedyoumustn´t crosstheroadwhenthered light is showingDon´t have to describesanactionwhich is notnecessary –youhave a choiceyoudon´t have to do that

23. Fill in the blanks with MUST or MUSTN’T1. She is ill , so she____ see the doctor.2. It is raining. You______ take your umbrella.3. You _____ throw litter on the stairs. 4. This is a secret. You _______ tell anybody. 5. You ______ make noise in the library. . 6. We hurry or we will miss the bus. 7. You _____eat fruit and vegetables. 8. The baby is sleeping. You _____ shout. 9. You ______ be friendly to everybody. 10. You______ walk on the grass.

24. CIRCLE THE CORRECT ONE must or mustn´t 1. You -- light fires in the forests. 2. You --- do your homework 3. You --- wash your face every morning. 4. You ------ drink cold water. 5. You-------- watch TV a lot. 6. You ------ eat in class. 7. You ----- be late for class.8. You------- listen to your teacher. 9. You ------- give place to old people. 10. You -------be polite. 11. You ------- fasten your seat belt.13. You------ speak loudly in hospitals

25. Use should / shouldn't / mustn't 1. We______ invite the Nortons to our party. They are nice people.2. Young children_______ stay at home on their own.3. Before you go to the dentist's, you_______ brush your teeth.4. You________ smoke in bed!5. You ___________ shut the windows because it is raining.6. You_______ forget her birthday again.7. You_______ go to the theatre when you are in Vienna. It's great.8. They______ tell her about John's accident. She could break down.9. You________ cross the street when the traffic lights are red.

26. What are thesesentencesexpressing?A. Sally couldpraywhenshewastwoyearsoldRequest/ablility/suggestion/ obligationB. Sue is sohappy. Shemusthavewon a lotteryprize.Deduction/request/ offer/ obligationC. Youmaysitdown, ifyouwishRequest/permission/obligation /Prohibition

27. D. Youshouldlisten to what hesaysability/suggestion/ permission/ obligationE. Steve can´t havegone to church. He ´s anatheistDeduction/ ability/ obligation/ prohibition