The document discusses various innovations in mobility including self-balancing motorcycles, electric bikes that charge at stops, foldable bikes, concept cars inspired by photosynthesis and ant/tree relationships, and flying car prototypes. It also provides a lengthy overview of the history and development of self-driving cars from the 1920s to present, including early experiments, practical systems from the 1950s, the EUREKA Prometheus Project in the 1980s, and autonomous driving demonstrations and laws in recent decades. The advantages of autonomous vehicles are listed as fewer accidents, increased road capacity, removal of constraints on drivers, alleviation of parking issues, and potential urban redevelopment opportunities.

1. MOBILITY

2. TOY
ROCCO THE ROCKING HORSE
AARON TSUI, IRINA KOZLOVSKAYA, JASEN MEHTA, AND SERGIO SILVA
BROOKLYN DESIGNERS
Green gadget for kids

3. GENERATOR
ROLLERGEN
HIGH TIDE
BROOKLYN DESIGNERS
Green gadget

4. link
WHEELS
ROADLESS WHEEL
Design Engineering at London’s RCA
VERSATILITY: when the disks on which the rods are mounted are far apart, the
wheel takes the form of a wide tire of small diameter,
When they are closer, the wheel becomes a narrow tire of large diameter.

5. BICYCLE
T20 BAMBOO ELECTRICAL BIKE
ANTOINE FRITSCH (FRENCH) DESIGNER
Prototype

6. LINK
BICYCLE
YIKE BIKE, ELECTRIC FOLDING BICYCLE
Peter Higgins and Lincoln Sell (2009) DESIGNERS

7. LINK
ECO-BIKES
ECO 07, FOLDING BIKE TO EASE CARRIAGE
Victor Aleman
WHEEL: six modules, each of which has a double pivot in the joints, to facilitate the
folding process.
FRAME: is a double triangle structure that is composed of expandable modules, each
of which collapses into a smaller dimension

8. LINK
ECO-BIKES
COPENHAGEN WHEEL, INDEX: Award 2011
Assaf Biderman
WHEEL: six modules, each of which has a double pivot in the joints, to facilitate the
folding process.
FRAME: is a double triangle structure that is composed of expandable modules, each
of which collapses into a smaller dimension

9. FCV-R Fuel-Cell Concept Vehicle - 2012 NAIAS
LINK Toyota
CAR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS CONCEPT CAR
MICHAL VLCEK AND KLAVIR DESIGNERS

10. CAR
SAIC MOTOR ROEWE MOBILIANT
Biomimicry & Mobility 2025
Vehicle inspired by the relationship between ants and trumpet trees

11. CAR
SAIC MOTOR ROEWE MOBILIANT
Biomimicry & Mobility 2025

12. CAR
SAIC MOTOR ROEWE MOBILIANT
Biomimicry & Mobility 2025

13. CAR
SAIC MOTOR ROEWE MOBILIANT
Biomimicry & Mobility 2025

14. LINK
CAR MATERIALS
CANADA'S CANNABIS-COMPOSITE ELECTRIC CAR CONCEPT, THE KESTREL
MOTIVE

15. CARS
LINK
TESLA BUYS NEARLY 2 BILLION PANASONIC LITHIUM-ION BATTERY
CELLS
Roadster
TESLA

16. E-BUS
UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY DEVELOPS AN E-BUS THAT CHARGES AT EACH STOP

17. LINK
E-CARS
Volvo is Developing a Wireles...

18. link
MOTORCYCLE
C1 SELFBALANCING MOTORCYCLES
SELF BALANCING MOTORCYLE

19. link
BUS-TAXI
KUTSUPLUS

20. LINK
AIRPLANE-TRAIN
CLIP AIR PROJECT, EPFL, MODULAR PLANE
EPFL lleva

21. CARS
Sleek Slovakian Flying Car Takes its First Flight
“road-able aircraft”

22. CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
Frank Lloyd Wright: Broadacre City/Public Domain

23. CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
Some quasi-autonomous demonstration systems date back to the 1920s and
the 1930s
Futurama exhibit ,
1939 New York World's Fair

24. CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
The first fully practical system was developed in the 1950s by RCA Labs
ELECTRICITY MAY BE THE DRIVER, Central Power and Light
Company, 1956

25. CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
1960 experimental electronically-controlled highway
General Motors' Firebird III on display at the
Century 21 Exposition, Seattle, 1962.

26. LINK
CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
1980s, Mercedes-Benz and Bundeswehr University Munich built a
driverless car through the EUREKA Prometheus Project
ELECTRICITY MAY BE THE DRIVER, Central Power and Light
Company, 1956

27. CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
BMW aims to have partially automated vehicles on the road by 2016.
By 2020, it aims to have highly automated cars piloting the public roads,
with fully automated cars by 2025
ELECTRICITY MAY BE THE DRIVER

28. CARS
LINK
SELF DRIVING CARS
Toyota

29. DARPA
CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
DARPA (DEFENCE RESEARCH AGENCY) 2000, NIST, US GOVERNMENT

30. CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
IN 2010, FOUR ELECTRIC AUTONOMOUS VANS SUCCESSFULLY DROVE 8000
MILES FROM ITALY TO CHINA.
Research project backed by European Union
funding by Vislab of the University of Parma, Italy
IN JULY 2013 VISLAB WORLDPREMIERED BRAIVE, A VEHICLE THAT MOVED
AUTONOMOUSLY ON A MIXED TRAFFIC ROUTE OPEN TO PUBLIC TRAFFIC
As of 2013, three U.S. states have passed laws permitting autonomous cars:
Nevada, Florida and California.
In Europe, cities in Belgium, France and Italy are planning to operate
transport systems for driverless cars.

31. CARS
PAT, DRIVING CAR SHARING

32. CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
ADVANTAGES
Fewer traffic collisions, due to an autonomous system's increased faster
reaction time compared to human drivers
Increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic congestion (due to
reduced need for safety gaps and the ability to better manage traffic flow
Higher speed limit for autonomous cars
Removal of constraints on occupants' state – in an autonomous car, it would
not matter if the occupants were under age, over age, blind, distracted,
intoxicated, or otherwise impaired

33. CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
ADVANTAGES
Alleviation of parking scarcity, as cars could drop off passengers, park far
away where space is not scarce, and return as needed to pick up
passengers
Elimination of redundant cars such as to pick up passengers or to go in for
maintenance. This would be especially relevant to trucks, taxis and carsharing services
Reduction of space required for vehicle parking
Reduction in the need for traffic police and vehicle insurance
Reduction of physical road signage, autonomous cars could receive
necessary communication electronically (although physical signs may still be
required for any human drivers)

34. CARS
SELF DRIVING CARS
Since the car doesn't need a driver, it can go and move somebody or
someone else. That's why they will mostly be shared.
Imagine a city with perhaps 90% fewer cars;
that's the percentage of time most of us park our cars, but the
autonomous ones are always on the move so we don't need as many
Imagine a city without traffic lights or stop signs. They are not needed
anymore since cars just flow through each other's streams of traffic at
intersections
Imagine a re-greened city with boulevards and trees where there used
to be multilane roads, parks instead of parking lots.