This document discusses the hardware components and connectivity features of mobile devices from different perspectives. It begins by explaining why studying hardware is important for engineers and app developers. It then provides details about basic hardware components like touch screens, processors, memory, and sensors. It describes different types of touch screens, processors like SoCs, RAM and storage. It also covers connectivity aspects such as mobile networks, Bluetooth, USB, and integrated sensors. The document aims to educate about the internal components of mobile devices and how understanding them can help create better applications and maximize the capabilities of smartphones.

1. Mobile WorldHardware PerspectiveBy Mohab El-Shishtawy

2. ContentsWhy Hardware

3. Basic Mobile Hardware

4. Connectivity

5. Extra FeaturesWhy Hardware?We study Engineering not Computer Science !!No one talks about hardware mostly OS’sKnow your hardware, Build Apps for itMaximize benefits of you mobileDecide before you buy any smart phone

6. FeaturesAll features are extracted from smart phones not dump oneN-Series for NokiaiPhone 3GS WP7 PhonesAndroid powered phonesor later

7. Basic HardwareTouch ScreenProcessing unitsRam, Rom and Memory Card

8. Touch screenType:1- Resistive Touch Screen2- Capacitive Touch ScreenResolution and sizeResistive Composed of two flexible sheets coated with a resistive material .When contact is made to the surface of the touchscreen, the two sheets are pressed together.Two sheets there are horizontal and vertical lines that when pushed together, register the precise location.

9. Resistive (cont..)Pros:The screens are usually inexpensiveIt can be easily operated with any pointing devicesThey are much more accurate than capacitive touch screensThey are easy to use and are more reliableCons:Multi touch support not availableThese are highly sensitive to scratchesPoor visibility in sunlight

10. Capacitive Consists of an insulator such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide.Human body is also an electrical conductor.Touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of the screen's electrostatic field.

11. Capacitive(cont..)Pros:Multi touch support availableGood visibility even in sunlightNot affected by dirt and moistureGlossy looksCons:Humidity must be at least 5% to achieve capacitive effectExpensive than resistive touch screenDoesn’t work with pointed objects

12. Resolution and SizeThe size of the screen which is measured diagonally across the face screen.Measured by inchesMost common iPhone 3.5-inch HTC 4-inch Ranges from (3.0 to 4.5) inch

13. ResolutionIt is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed.Represented by the physical number of columns and rows of pixels creating the display (e.g., 240 x 320).More Pixels == More Realistic screen.DPI The number of 'dots' or pixels per each inch.

14. Resolution and SizeMore pixels on same size will give brighter image quality (more clear).Eye can detect up to 300 DPI.As a programmer you concern about Resolution NOT Screen Size.

15. MicroprocessorMobile microprocessors must be small and consume little powerSize can be solved with System-on-a-Chip configurationsSleep mode during longer pauses (requires support from the OS and possibly from the applications).Uses ARM structure System-on-a-Chip (CPU,GPU,ROM, RAM, Radio, External interfaces).

16. SoC (NVIDIA Tegra2)CPU: Dual-Core, 1 GHz per coreCache:1 MBMemory: Up to 1GB,(DDR2-667)GPU : 8 coresSupports (12 MP Camera, Display 1680x1050)USB 2.0 OTG, USB 2.0 ULPI, HDMI, MIPI CSI/DSI/HSI, UART, SPI, SDIO, I2C, I2SExamples (Motorola Atrix , Samsung Galaxy S2)

17. SoC (Apple A5)CPU: Dual-Core, 1 GHz per coreCache:1 MB512 MB of low-power DDR2 RAM clocked at 1066 MHzDynamically adjust its frequency to save battery lifeExamples (iPad2,iPhone5 to be released)

18. Ram, Rom and memory cardROM: where the OS (Firm Ware)of mobile installed, it can be modified (system update) Ranges from (512MB to 1.5GB)RAM: read/write from/to any address, fast, looses data when powered off Ranges from (128MB to 1GB) important for Apps programmers.

19. Ram, Rom and memory cardStorage uses Flash Memory to store data permanently as HDD in computerDivide into two typesOn chip flash memory as (N8 16GB and iPhone 32GB).Extension by using SD cards(mini and micro SD).Notice On chip flash memory is NOT a RAM

20. ConnectivityNetworkBluetoothUSB

21. Network2.5G (EDGE)- Deployed in 2003 - Data rate 236.8kbps to 384kbps - used in mobile phones 3G (WCDMA)- Allowsmultimedia contents like mobile TV, audio-video conferencing, video on demand, fax - High speed internet speed up to 1.92Mbps

22. Network(cont..)3.5G (HSDPA)- Higher data speed and capacity- Down-link speed 3.6, 7.2 to 14Mbps - referred as 3G+,3G Turbo,3G EDGE.4G - AllowsGaming Services, High Definition HDTV- Ultra-broadband internet Access 1GBps- Support for IPV6 protocol

23. BluetoothClassified into classes and versions.Class 1 range 20-30 meters.Class 2 range 5-10 meters.Version 2.0 data rate 2.1 Mbit/s.Version 3.0 data rate 24 Mbit/s.The closer you are to the bluetooth transmitter, the faster you will receive files.

24. USBUSB 1.1 works at 12 MBits/sec while USB 2.0 works at 480 MBits/sec.Most phones uses now Micro-USB 2.0.USB OTG (on the go) - Enable host and device roles swapping within the connection - Connecting flash memory to your mobile - Supported in (N8,Galaxy S) - Require support from system

25. SensorsProximity sensorAccelerometerGyroscope

26. Proximity sensorSensor able to detect the presence of nearby objectsEmits an electromagnetic or electrostatic field and looks for changes in the field or return signal.Used for auto turn-offMay used in further application.

27. AccelerometerIs an instrument for measuring acceleration, detecting and measuring vibrations.Sense movement in only one direction, so true 3D position sensing must use three.Used in all smart phone and devices like Wii RemoteFirst introduced by Apple in iPhone

28. GyroscopeA gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation.Three degrees of rotational freedomIntroduced by Apple in iPhone4 2010

29. Any Questions??