Lecture 9 from a course on Mobile Based Augmented Reality Development taught by Mark Billinghurst and Zi Siang See on November 29th and 30th 2015 at Johor Bahru in Malaysia. This lecture describes principles for effective Interface Design for Mobile AR applications. Look for the other 9 lectures in the course.
This document discusses various techniques for prototyping augmented reality interfaces, including sketching, storyboarding, wireframing, mockups, and video prototyping. Low-fidelity techniques like sketching and paper prototyping allow for rapid iteration and exploring interactions at early stages. Higher-fidelity techniques like interactive mockups and video prototypes communicate the look and feel of the final product and allow for user testing. A variety of tools are presented for different stages of prototyping, from sketching and interactive modeling in VR, to scene assembly using drag-and-drop tools, to final mockups using design software. Case studies demonstrate applying these techniques from initial concepts through to higher-fidelity prototypes. Overall the document
COMP4010 Lecture 4 - VR Technology - Visual and Haptic Displays. Lecture about VR visual and haptic display technology. Taught on August 16th 2016 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia
Lecture 7 from the COMP 4010 class on AR and VR. This lecture was about Designing AR systems. It was taught on September 7th 2021 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia.
This document provides an introduction to extended reality technologies from Mark Billinghurst, the director of the Empathic Computing Lab at the University of South Australia. It outlines Billinghurst's background and research interests. It then provides an overview of the class, including assignments, equipment available, and the lecture schedule. The lecture schedule covers topics such as augmented reality, virtual reality, the metaverse, and the history of AR/VR.
Lecture 5 in the COMP 4010 class on Augmented and Virtual Reality. This lecture was about AR Interaction and Prototyping methods. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on August 24th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
Lecture 4 in the 2022 COMP 4010 lecture series on AR/VR. This lecture is about AR Interaction techniques. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
A four lecture course on how to build AR and VR experiences using Unity, Google Cardboard VR SDK and Vuforia. Taught by Mark Billinghurst from May 10th - 13th, 2016 in XI'an, China
Lecture 11 of the COMP 4010 class on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. This lecture is about VR applications and was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 19th 2021 at the University of South Australia
This document discusses various techniques for prototyping augmented reality interfaces, including sketching, storyboarding, wireframing, mockups, and video prototyping. Low-fidelity techniques like sketching and paper prototyping allow for rapid iteration and exploring interactions at early stages. Higher-fidelity techniques like interactive mockups and video prototypes communicate the look and feel of the final product and allow for user testing. A variety of tools are presented for different stages of prototyping, from sketching and interactive modeling in VR, to scene assembly using drag-and-drop tools, to final mockups using design software. Case studies demonstrate applying these techniques from initial concepts through to higher-fidelity prototypes. Overall the document
COMP4010 Lecture 4 - VR Technology - Visual and Haptic Displays. Lecture about VR visual and haptic display technology. Taught on August 16th 2016 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia
Lecture 7 from the COMP 4010 class on AR and VR. This lecture was about Designing AR systems. It was taught on September 7th 2021 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia.
This document provides an introduction to extended reality technologies from Mark Billinghurst, the director of the Empathic Computing Lab at the University of South Australia. It outlines Billinghurst's background and research interests. It then provides an overview of the class, including assignments, equipment available, and the lecture schedule. The lecture schedule covers topics such as augmented reality, virtual reality, the metaverse, and the history of AR/VR.
Lecture 5 in the COMP 4010 class on Augmented and Virtual Reality. This lecture was about AR Interaction and Prototyping methods. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on August 24th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
Lecture 4 in the 2022 COMP 4010 lecture series on AR/VR. This lecture is about AR Interaction techniques. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
A four lecture course on how to build AR and VR experiences using Unity, Google Cardboard VR SDK and Vuforia. Taught by Mark Billinghurst from May 10th - 13th, 2016 in XI'an, China
Lecture 11 of the COMP 4010 class on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. This lecture is about VR applications and was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 19th 2021 at the University of South Australia
Lecture 6 on the COMP4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture describes prototyping tools for developing interactive prototypes for AR experiences. The lecture was taught on August 31st 2020 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
This document discusses augmented reality technology and visual tracking methods. It covers how humans perceive reality through their senses like sight, hearing, touch, etc. and how virtual reality systems use input and output devices. There are different types of visual tracking including marker-based tracking using artificial markers, markerless tracking using natural features, and simultaneous localization and mapping which builds a model of the environment while tracking. Common tracking technologies involve optical, magnetic, ultrasonic, and inertial sensors. Optical tracking in augmented reality uses computer vision techniques like feature detection and matching.
COMP 4010 Course on Virtual and Augmented Reality. Lectures for 2017. Lecture 2: VR Technology. Taught by Bruce Thomas on August 3rd 2017 at the University of South Australia. Slides by Mark Billinghurst
Lecture 8 of the COMP 4010 course taught at the University of South Australia. This lecture provides and introduction to VR technology. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on September 14th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
Keynote speech given by Mark Billinghurst at the ISS 2022 conference. Presented on November 22nd, 2022. This keynote outlines some research opportunities in the Metaverse.
Lecture 6 of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture is about designing AR systems. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia on September 1st 2022.
Lecture 2 in the 2022 COMP 4010 Lecture series on AR/VR and XR. This lecture is about human perception for AR/VR/XR experiences. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
Lecture 9 of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture is about AR Interaction methods. Taught on October 2nd 2018 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
Short lecture on Unity and how to use Unity and SteamVR to create a simple VR scene. Taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia on July 30th 2019
COMP 4010 Lecture 5 on Interaction Design for Virtual Reality. Taught by Gun Lee on August 21st 2018 at the University of South Australia. Slides by Mark Billinghurst
Advanced Methods for User Evaluation in AR/VR StudiesMark Billinghurst
Guest lecture on advanced methods of user evaluation in AR/VR studies. Given by Mark Billinghurst as part of the ARIVE lecture series hosted at the University of Otago. The lecture was given on August 26th 2021.
Talk to Me: Using Virtual Avatars to Improve Remote CollaborationMark Billinghurst
The document discusses using virtual avatars to improve remote collaboration. It provides background on communication cues used in face-to-face interactions versus remote communication. It then discusses early experiments using augmented reality for remote conferencing dating back to the 1990s. The document outlines key questions around designing effective virtual bodies for collaboration and discusses various technologies that have been developed for remote collaboration using augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality. It summarizes several studies that have evaluated factors like avatar representation, sharing of different communication cues, and effects of spatial audio and visual cues on collaboration tasks.
This document discusses interaction design principles and processes for designing virtual reality interfaces. It begins by defining interaction design and discussing needs analysis methods like learning from users, analogous settings, and experts. Ideation techniques like brainstorming and sketching VR interfaces are presented. Design considerations like affordances, metaphors, and physical ergonomics are covered. Prototyping tools like Sketchbox, A-Frame and Unity EditorVR are introduced. The document concludes by discussing evaluation methods like usability testing and field studies.
A lecture give on AR Tehchnology taught as part of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture was taught by Mark Billinghurst on August 10th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on perception in augmented and virtual reality. It discusses the history of disappearing computers from room-sized to handheld. It reviews the key concepts of augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality on Milgram's continuum. It discusses how perception of reality works through our senses and how virtual reality aims to create an illusion of reality. It covers factors that influence the sense of presence such as immersion, interaction, and realism.
COMP 4010 - Lecture 1: Introduction to Virtual RealityMark Billinghurst
Lecture 1 of the VR/AR class taught by Mark Billinghurst and Bruce Thomas at the University of South Australia. This lecture provides an introduction to VR and was taught on July 26th 2016.
Lecture 1 of the COMP 4010 course on AR and VR. This lecture provides an introduction to AR/VR/MR/XR. The lecture was taught at the University of South Australia by Mark Billinghurst on July 21st 2021.
Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is created with software and presented to the user through interactive devices. It involves immersing the senses in a 3D computer-generated world. The history of VR began in the 1950s with flight simulators for pilots. Major developments included research programs in the 1960s, commercial development in the 1980s, and the first commercial entertainment system in the early 1990s. There are different types of VR including immersive VR, augmented VR, video mapping, and desktop VR. Popular applications of VR include gaming, education, and training. The Oculus Rift is a virtual reality headset that provides an immersive stereoscopic 3D viewing experience.
This document summarizes a lecture on interaction design for augmented reality. It discusses several types of AR interfaces including: (1) AR information browsers that allow viewing and manipulating virtual content registered in the real world, (2) 3D AR interfaces that allow interacting with and manipulating 3D virtual objects, and (3) tangible interfaces that use physical objects to interact with and control virtual objects. It also presents case studies of specific AR applications and discusses design principles for AR interaction including using physical affordances, feedback, and natural mappings.
Lecture 6 on the COMP4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture describes prototyping tools for developing interactive prototypes for AR experiences. The lecture was taught on August 31st 2020 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
This document discusses augmented reality technology and visual tracking methods. It covers how humans perceive reality through their senses like sight, hearing, touch, etc. and how virtual reality systems use input and output devices. There are different types of visual tracking including marker-based tracking using artificial markers, markerless tracking using natural features, and simultaneous localization and mapping which builds a model of the environment while tracking. Common tracking technologies involve optical, magnetic, ultrasonic, and inertial sensors. Optical tracking in augmented reality uses computer vision techniques like feature detection and matching.
COMP 4010 Course on Virtual and Augmented Reality. Lectures for 2017. Lecture 2: VR Technology. Taught by Bruce Thomas on August 3rd 2017 at the University of South Australia. Slides by Mark Billinghurst
Lecture 8 of the COMP 4010 course taught at the University of South Australia. This lecture provides and introduction to VR technology. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on September 14th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
Keynote speech given by Mark Billinghurst at the ISS 2022 conference. Presented on November 22nd, 2022. This keynote outlines some research opportunities in the Metaverse.
Lecture 6 of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture is about designing AR systems. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia on September 1st 2022.
Lecture 2 in the 2022 COMP 4010 Lecture series on AR/VR and XR. This lecture is about human perception for AR/VR/XR experiences. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
Lecture 9 of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture is about AR Interaction methods. Taught on October 2nd 2018 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
Short lecture on Unity and how to use Unity and SteamVR to create a simple VR scene. Taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia on July 30th 2019
COMP 4010 Lecture 5 on Interaction Design for Virtual Reality. Taught by Gun Lee on August 21st 2018 at the University of South Australia. Slides by Mark Billinghurst
Advanced Methods for User Evaluation in AR/VR StudiesMark Billinghurst
Guest lecture on advanced methods of user evaluation in AR/VR studies. Given by Mark Billinghurst as part of the ARIVE lecture series hosted at the University of Otago. The lecture was given on August 26th 2021.
Talk to Me: Using Virtual Avatars to Improve Remote CollaborationMark Billinghurst
The document discusses using virtual avatars to improve remote collaboration. It provides background on communication cues used in face-to-face interactions versus remote communication. It then discusses early experiments using augmented reality for remote conferencing dating back to the 1990s. The document outlines key questions around designing effective virtual bodies for collaboration and discusses various technologies that have been developed for remote collaboration using augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality. It summarizes several studies that have evaluated factors like avatar representation, sharing of different communication cues, and effects of spatial audio and visual cues on collaboration tasks.
This document discusses interaction design principles and processes for designing virtual reality interfaces. It begins by defining interaction design and discussing needs analysis methods like learning from users, analogous settings, and experts. Ideation techniques like brainstorming and sketching VR interfaces are presented. Design considerations like affordances, metaphors, and physical ergonomics are covered. Prototyping tools like Sketchbox, A-Frame and Unity EditorVR are introduced. The document concludes by discussing evaluation methods like usability testing and field studies.
A lecture give on AR Tehchnology taught as part of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture was taught by Mark Billinghurst on August 10th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on perception in augmented and virtual reality. It discusses the history of disappearing computers from room-sized to handheld. It reviews the key concepts of augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality on Milgram's continuum. It discusses how perception of reality works through our senses and how virtual reality aims to create an illusion of reality. It covers factors that influence the sense of presence such as immersion, interaction, and realism.
COMP 4010 - Lecture 1: Introduction to Virtual RealityMark Billinghurst
Lecture 1 of the VR/AR class taught by Mark Billinghurst and Bruce Thomas at the University of South Australia. This lecture provides an introduction to VR and was taught on July 26th 2016.
Lecture 1 of the COMP 4010 course on AR and VR. This lecture provides an introduction to AR/VR/MR/XR. The lecture was taught at the University of South Australia by Mark Billinghurst on July 21st 2021.
Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is created with software and presented to the user through interactive devices. It involves immersing the senses in a 3D computer-generated world. The history of VR began in the 1950s with flight simulators for pilots. Major developments included research programs in the 1960s, commercial development in the 1980s, and the first commercial entertainment system in the early 1990s. There are different types of VR including immersive VR, augmented VR, video mapping, and desktop VR. Popular applications of VR include gaming, education, and training. The Oculus Rift is a virtual reality headset that provides an immersive stereoscopic 3D viewing experience.
This document summarizes a lecture on interaction design for augmented reality. It discusses several types of AR interfaces including: (1) AR information browsers that allow viewing and manipulating virtual content registered in the real world, (2) 3D AR interfaces that allow interacting with and manipulating 3D virtual objects, and (3) tangible interfaces that use physical objects to interact with and control virtual objects. It also presents case studies of specific AR applications and discusses design principles for AR interaction including using physical affordances, feedback, and natural mappings.
2013 Lecture 6: AR User Interface Design GuidelinesMark Billinghurst
COSC 426 Lecture 6: on AR User Interface Design Guidelines. Lecture taught by Mark Billinghurst from the HIT Lab NZ at the University of Canterbury on August 16th 2013
COMP 4010 lecture on AR Interaction Design. Lecture given by Gun Lee at the University of South Australia on October 12th 2017, from slides prepared by Mark Billinghurst
VSMM 2016 Keynote: Using AR and VR to create Empathic ExperiencesMark Billinghurst
Keynote talk given by Mark Billinghurst at the VSMM 2016 conference on October 19th 2016.This talk was about how AR and VR can be used to create Empathic Computing experiences.
This document discusses the design of augmented reality interfaces. It begins by describing different types of AR interfaces such as browsing interfaces, 3D interfaces, tangible interfaces, and tangible AR interfaces. It then discusses specific interface design considerations for AR like using physical objects as controls for virtual objects. The document provides examples of space-multiplexed and time-multiplexed tangible AR interfaces. It emphasizes designing AR interfaces using principles from tangible user interfaces. Overall, the document provides guidance on conceptualizing and building effective AR experiences through consideration of physical components, display elements, and interaction metaphors.
Lecture 11 from the 2017 COMP 4010 course on AR and VR at the University of South Australia. This lecture was on AR applications and was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 26th 2017.
The fifth lecture from the Augmented Reality Summer School taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia, February 15th - 19th, 2016. This provides an overview of AR research directions.
Augmented Reality in Multi-Dimensionality: Design for Space, Motion, Multiple...Shalin Hai-Jew
Augmented reality (AR)—the use of digital overlays over physical space—manifests in a wide range of spaces (indoor, outdoor; virtual) and ways (in real space (with unaided human vision); in head gear; in smart glasses; on mobile devices, and others). There are various authoring technologies that enable the making of AR experiences for various users. This work uses a particular tool (Adobe Aero®) to explore ways to build AR for multiple dimensions, including the fourth dimension (motion, changes over time).
Based on the respective purposes of the AR experience, some basic heuristics are captured for
space design (1),
motion design (2),
multiple perception design (sight, smell, taste, sound, touch) (3),
and virtual- and tangible- interactivity (4).
This document discusses building usable augmented reality interfaces. It emphasizes understanding user needs through methods like focus groups and observations. Both virtual and physical interface elements must be considered, along with the interaction metaphor. Rapid prototyping and user testing are important to develop compelling AR experiences. Evaluation of AR applications is also discussed. The goal is to design AR that effectively merges virtual and real information while addressing usability issues.
Lecture on AR Interaction Techniques given by Mark Billinghurst on November 1st 2016 at the University of South Australia as part of the COMP 4010 course on VR.
COMP4010 Lecture 5 taught by Bruce Thomas at University of South Australia on August 24th 2017. This class was about using Interaction Design techniques for developing effective VR interfaces. Slides by Mark Billinghurst.
Final lecture from the COMP 4010 course on Virtual and Augmented Reality. This lecture was about Research Directions in Augmented Reality. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on November 1st 2016 at the University of South Australia
Lecture 10 in the COMP 4010 Lectures on AR/VR from the Univeristy of South Australia. This lecture is about VR Interface Design and Evaluating VR interfaces. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 12, 2021.
Mobile user experience conference 2009 - The rise of the mobile contextFlorent Stroppa
The document discusses how mobile devices can leverage context awareness and sensors to improve the user experience. It describes how sensors like accelerometers, gyroscopes, microphones, and location sensors can provide information about the user's situation, environment and activity. With this context, devices can make smarter inferences and behave differently based on factors like location, time of day, activity, and the user's schedule and relationships. This will lead to devices that are less disruptive and more helpful. It also discusses challenges for user experience teams in designing for this new paradigm where inputs are no longer just from the user but also the environment and context.
Keynote speech given by Mark Billinghurst at the QCon 2018 conference on April 22nd in Beijing, China. The talk identified important future research directions for Augmented Reality.
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Keynote talk by Mark Billinghurst at the 9th XR-Metaverse conference in Busan, South Korea. The talk was given on May 20th, 2024. It talks about progress on achieving the Metaverse vision laid out in Neil Stephenson's book, Snowcrash.
These are slides from the Defence Industry event orgranized by the Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments (IVE). This was held on April 18th 2024, and showcased IVE research capabilities to the South Australian Defence industry.
This is a guest lecture given by Mark Billinghurst at the University of Sydney on March 27th 2024. It discusses some future research directions for Augmented Reality.
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This document discusses empathic computing and its relationship to the metaverse. It defines key elements of the metaverse like virtual worlds, augmented reality, mirror worlds, and lifelogging. Research on the metaverse is still fragmented across these areas. The document outlines a vision for empathic computing systems that allow sharing experiences, emotions, and environments through technologies like virtual reality, augmented reality, and sensor data. Examples are given of research projects exploring collaborative VR experiences and AR/VR systems for remote collaboration and communication. The goal is for technology to support more natural and implicit understanding between people.
Empathic Computing: Designing for the Broader MetaverseMark Billinghurst
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This document discusses empathic computing and collaborative immersive analytics. It notes that while fields like scientific and information visualization are well established, little research has looked at collaborative visualization specifically. Collaborative immersive analytics combines mixed reality, visual analytics and computer-supported cooperative work. Empathic computing aims to develop systems that allow sharing experiences, emotions and perspectives using technologies like virtual and augmented reality with physiological sensors. Applying these concepts could enhance communication and understanding for collaborative immersive analytics tasks.
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Empathic Computing: Developing for the Whole MetaverseMark Billinghurst
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Mobile AR lecture 9 - Mobile AR Interface Design
1. LECTURE 9:
DESIGNING MOBILE AR
INTERFACES
Mark Billinghurst
mark.billinghurst@unisa.edu.au
Zi Siang See
zisiang@reina.com.my
November 29th-30th 2015
Mobile-Based Augmented Reality Development
3. Handheld HCI
• Consider your user
• Follow good HCI principles
• Adapt HCI guidelines for handhelds
• Design to device constraints
• Micro-Interactions
• Design Patterns
4. ConsiderYour User
• Consider context of user
• Physical, social, emotional, cognitive, etc
• Mobile Phone AR User
• Probably Mobile
• One hand interaction
• Short application use
• Need to be able to multitask
• Use in outdoor or indoor environment
• Want to enhance interaction with real world
5. Follow Good HCI Principles
• Provide good conceptual model/Metaphor
• customers want to understand how UI works
• Make things visible
• if object has function, interface should show it
• Map interface controls to customer s model
• infix -vs- postfix calculator -- whose model?
• Provide feedback
• what you see is what you get!
6. Adapting Existing Guidelines
• Mobile Phone AR
• Phone HCI Guidelines
• Mobile HCI Guidelines
• HMD Based AR
• 3D User Interface Guidelines
• VR Interface Guidelines
• Desktop AR
• Desktop UI Guidelines
7. iPhone Guidelines
• Make it obvious how to use your content.
• Avoid clutter, unused blank space, and busy
backgrounds.
• Minimize required user input.
• Express essential information succinctly.
• Provide a fingertip-sized target area for all links and
controls.
• Avoid unnecessary interactivity.
• Provide feedback when necessary
9. Applying Principles to MobileAR
• Clean
• LargeVideoView
• Large Icons
• Text Overlay
• Feedback
10. AR vs.NonAR Design
• Design Guidelines
• Design for 3D graphics + Interaction
• Consider elements of physical world
• Support implicit interaction
Characteristics Non-AR Interfaces AR Interfaces
Object Graphics Mainly 2D Mainly 3D
Object Types Mainly virtual objects Both virtual and physical objects
Object behaviors Mainly passive objects Both passive and active objects
Communication Mainly simple Mainly complex
HCI methods Mainly explicit Both explicit and implicit
12. Design to Device Constraints
• Understand the platforms used and design for limitations
• Hardware, software platforms
• Eg Handheld AR game with visual tracking
• Use large screen icons
• Consider screen reflectivity
• Support one-hand interaction
• Consider the natural viewing angle
• Do not tire users out physically
• Do not encourage fast actions
• Keep at least one tracking surface in view
Art of Defense Game
13. HandheldAR Constraints/Affordances
• Camera and screen are linked
• Fast motions a problem when looking at screen
• Intuitive “navigation”
• Phone in hand
• Two handed activities: awkward or intuitive
• Extended periods of holding phone tiring
• Awareness of surrounding environment
• Small screen
• Extended periods of looking at screen tiring
• In general, small awkward platform
• Vibration, sound
• Can provide feedback when looking elsewhere
• Networking - Bluetooth, 802.11
• Collaboration possible
• Guaranteed minimum collection of buttons
• Sensors often available
• GPS, camera, accelerometer, compass, etc
15. Time Looking at Screen
Oulasvirta, A. (2005). The fragmentation of attention in mobile
interaction, and what to do with it. interactions, 12(6), 16-18.
17. Design for MicroInteractions
▪ Design interaction less than a few seconds
• Tiny bursts of interaction
• One task per interaction
• One input per interaction
▪ Benefits
• Use limited input
• Minimize interruptions
• Reduce attention fragmentation
18. Design Patterns
“Each pattern describes a problem which occurs
over and over again in our environment, and then
describes the core of the solution to that problem in
such a way that you can use this solution a million
times over, without ever doing it the same way twice.”
– Christopher Alexander et al.
C.A. Alexander, A Pattern Language, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1977.
19. Handheld AR Design Patterns
Title Meaning Embodied Skills
Device Metaphors Using metaphor to suggest available player
actions
Body A&S Naïve physics
Control Mapping Intuitive mapping between physical and
digital objects
Body A&S Naïve physics
Seamful Design Making sense of and integrating the
technological seams through game design
Body A&S
World Consistency Whether the laws and rules in
physical world hold in digital world
Naïve physics
Environmental A&S
Landmarks Reinforcing the connection between digital-
physical space through landmarks
Environmental A&S
Personal Presence The way that a player is represented in the
game decides how much they feel like living
in the digital game world
Environmental A&S
Naïve physics
Living Creatures Game characters that are responsive to
physical, social events that mimic behaviours
of living beings
Social A&S Body A&S
Body constraints Movement of one’s body position
constrains another player’s action
Body A&S Social A&S
Hidden information The information that can be hidden and
revealed can foster emergent social play
Social A&S Body A&S
20. Example:Seamless Design
• Design to reduce seams in the user experience
• Eg:AR tracking failure, change in interaction mode
• Paparazzi Game
• Change between AR tracking to accelerometer input
Yan Xu , et.al. , Pre-patterns for designing embodied interactions in handheld augmented reality games,
Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality--Arts, Media,
and Humanities, p.19-28, October 26-29, 2011
21. Example:Living Creatures
• Virtual creatures should respond to real world events
• eg. Player motion, wind, light, etc
• Creates illusion creatures are alive in the real world
• Sony EyePet
• Responds to player blowing on creature
23. AR Interaction
• Designing AR System = Interface Design
• Using different input and output technologies
• Objective is a high quality of user experience
• Ease of use and learning
• Performance and satisfaction
25. Design of Objects
• Objects
• Purposely built – affordances
• “Found” – repurposed
• Existing – already at use in marketplace
• Make affordances obvious (Norman)
• Object affordances visible
• Give feedback
• Provide constraints
• Use natural mapping
• Use good cognitive model
26. Affordances:to give a clue
• Refers to an attribute of an object that allows people to
know how to use it
• e.g. a button invites pushing, a door handle affords pulling
• Norman (1988) used the term to discuss the design of
everyday objects
• Since has been much popularised in interaction design to
discuss how to design interface objects
• e.g. scrollbars afford moving up and down, icons afford clicking
28. ‘Affordance’ and Interface Design?
• Interfaces are virtual and do not have affordances
like physical objects
• Norman argues it does not make sense to talk
about interfaces in terms of ‘real’ affordances
• Instead interfaces are better conceptualized as
‘perceived’ affordances
• Learned conventions of arbitrary mappings between action
and effect at the interface
• Some mappings are better than others
30. • AR is mixture of physical and virtual affordance
• Physical
• Tangible controllers and objects
• Virtual
• Virtual graphics and audio
31. Affordance Led Design
• Make affordances perceivable
• Provide visual, haptic, tactile, auditory cues
• Affordance Led Usability
• Give feedback
• Provide constraints
• Use natural mapping
• Use good cognitive model
32. Example: AR Chemistry
• Tangible AR chemistry education (Fjeld)
Fjeld, M., Juchli, P., and Voegtli, B. M. 2003. Chemistry education: A tangible
interaction approach. Proceedings of INTERACT 2003, September 1st -5th
2003, Zurich, Switzerland.
35. Case Study 1:AR Lens
• Physical Components
• Lens handle
• Virtual lens attached to real object
• Display Elements
• Lens view
• Reveal layers in dataset
• Interaction Metaphor
• Physically holding lens
36. 3DAR Lenses:ModelViewer
! Displays models made up of multiple parts
! Each part can be shown or hidden through the lens
! Allows the user to peer inside the model
! Maintains focus + context
38. Case Study 2:LevelHead
• Physical Components
• Real blocks
• Display Elements
• Virtual person and rooms
• Interaction Metaphor
• Blocks are rooms
39.
40. Handheld Interface Metaphors
• Tangible AR LensViewing
• Look through screen into AR scene
• Interact with screen to interact with
AR content
• Eg Invisible Train
• Tangible AR Lens Manipulation
• Select AR object and attach to device
• Use the motion of the device as input
• Eg AR Lego
41.
42. Space vs. Time - Multiplexed
• Space-multiplexed
• Many devices each with one function
• Quicker to use, more intuitive, clutter
• Real Toolbox
• Time-multiplexed
• One device with many functions
• Space efficient
• mouse
47. TangibleAR Design Principles
• Tangible AR Interfaces use TUI principles
• Physical controllers for moving virtual content
• Support for spatial 3D interaction techniques
• Time and space multiplexed interaction
• Support for multi-handed interaction
• Match object affordances to task requirements
• Support parallel activity with multiple objects
• Allow collaboration between multiple users
49. AR and Perception
" Creating the illusion that virtual images are
seamlessly part of the real world
• Must match real and virtual cues
• Depth, occlusion, lighting, shadows..
50. AR as Perception Problem
• Goal of AR to fool human senses – create
illusion that real and virtual are merged
• Depth
• Size
• Occlusion
• Shadows
• Relative motion
• Etc..
53. Use the Following Depth Cues
• Movement parallax.
• Icon/Object size (for close objects)
• Linear perspective
• To add side perspective bar.
• Overlapping
• Works if the objects are big enough
• Shades and shadows.
• Depends on the available computation
57. Information Presentation
" Information Presentation
• Amount of information
• Clutter, complexity
• Representation of information
• Navigation cues, POI representation
• Placement of information
• Head, body, world stabilized
• View combination
• Multiple views