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This document discusses scanning the marketing environment and identifying opportunities in various macroenvironmental forces. It outlines demographic shifts, economic trends in different regions, issues with the natural environment, the accelerating pace of technological change, an increasing political-legal environment, and changes in social and cultural values on a global scale. Tracking developments in these macroenvironmental areas is important for identifying new opportunities in opening markets and emerging economies.
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This document discusses the various macroenvironmental forces that shape global marketing opportunities, including demographic shifts towards micromarkets, economic changes with more industrializing and industrial economies, increased pollution and costs of energy, rapid technological innovation, a more regulated political landscape, and evolving social and cultural values with persistence of core beliefs but shifts in secondary values over time. It analyzes trends in these macroenvironmental areas to help identify new opportunities for marketers globally.
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What are some influential macroenvironment developments
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The company’s Microenvironment
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Demographic environment
Economic environment
Natural environment
Technological environment
Political and Legal environment
Cultural environment
Responding to the Marketing environment
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The actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationship with target customers
Analyzing method of environment
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Micro & Macro environmental analysis
you can see full article and the chapters through here http://goo.gl/2mIZel
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The company’s Microenvironment
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The actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationship with target customers
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How should we define development?
Quality of Life
Urbanization
Level of Manufacturing
GDP
Energy Consumption
Median Household Income
Education
Level of Technology
Why Does Development Matter
The absolute find themselves in conditions degraded by disease, illiteracy, malnutrition, and squalor denying them the basic human necessities.
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½ the world population l (3 billion) live on less than $2.50/day
1.3 billion live on less than $1.25/day
5 stages of Development WW. Rostow
Is Development Inevitable?
Does development naturally follow:
Efficiency
Specialization
Surplus/Savings/Investment
Increased Productivity/Innovation
Trade
Consumption
Internal Barriers to Development
Inequality in income/wealth, especially when tied to racial, cultural, or other social divisions
Poor Infrastructure
Roads, Ports, Electricity, Water/Sanitation, Communication/Wireless
Quality of Financial Institutions
Availability of Savings, Credit, Investment
Poor Education System
Lack of Security
Lack of Natural Resources
Lack of Political Freedoms
Corruption/patronage
Market Failures
Geography/Bad Neighbors
External Barriers to Development
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Legal System
Pubic Works/Infrastructure
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Financial Sector
Banks
Stock Markets
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Role of the State?
5 stages of Development WW. Rostow
Varieties of Paths to Development – Washington Consensus
Free Market/Free Trade
Low government borrowing. The idea was to discourage developing economies from having high fiscal deficits relative to their GDP.
Diversion of public spending from subsidies to important long-term growth supporting sectors like primary education, primary healthcare, and infrastructure.
Implementing tax reform policies to broaden the tax base and adopt moderate marginal tax rates.
Selecting interest rates that are determined by the market. These interest rates should be positive after taking inflation into account.
Encouraging competitive exchange rates through freely-floating currency exchange.
Adoption of free trade policies. This would result in the liberalization of imports, removing trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas.
Relaxing rules on foreign direct investment.
The privatization of state enterprises. Typically, in developing countries, these industries include railway, oil, and gas.
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Good visuals
The document summarizes the agenda and key topics for a stakeholders meeting, including:
1) An overview of the company's background in food processing since 1988, current infrastructure, operations, and industry they operate in.
2) A discussion of industry trends toward healthier, more convenient foods and the industry's projected growth.
3) An analysis of the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as recommendations regarding production expansion.
Ch 12
The marketing environment consists of internal and external forces that influence a company's ability to transact business. The microenvironment includes forces close to the company like customers, suppliers, competitors, and publics. The macroenvironment comprises larger societal forces like demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural factors. Marketers must monitor these forces and take a proactive approach to managing the environments to create favorable conditions.
Group14 a 3-sec-a
The document presents a report on unemployment prepared by a macroeconomics group for their professor. It defines unemployment and notes that India faces a large problem with unemployment. It classifies unemployment into voluntary and involuntary types and lists some common forms of unemployment like cyclical, sudden, industry/business failure-related, and seasonal unemployment. It discusses some causes of unemployment in India like population growth, business cycles, industry closures, and educational system defects. It provides some statistics on projected unemployment in India by 2020 and notes the impacts of unemployment like a gap between potential and actual GDP. It concludes with defining stagflation.
Group13 a3 sec_a
Fiscal policy refers to government attempts to influence the economy through taxes and spending. There are three stances of fiscal policy: neutral, expansionary, and contractionary. Government financing can be achieved through taxes, debt, or seigniorage. Taxes serve four main purposes: revenue, redistribution, repricing, and representation. Fiscal policy works through both discretionary and non-discretionary elements, such as automatic increases in government spending during economic slowdowns.
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Political EconomicApproachesto DevelopmentPolitical Economy Spring 202.docx
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What is Development?
How should we define development?
Quality of Life
Urbanization
Level of Manufacturing
GDP
Energy Consumption
Median Household Income
Education
Level of Technology
Why Does Development Matter
The absolute find themselves in conditions degraded by disease, illiteracy, malnutrition, and squalor denying them the basic human necessities.
Robert McNamara
½ the world population l (3 billion) live on less than $2.50/day
1.3 billion live on less than $1.25/day
5 stages of Development WW. Rostow
Is Development Inevitable?
Does development naturally follow:
Efficiency
Specialization
Surplus/Savings/Investment
Increased Productivity/Innovation
Trade
Consumption
Internal Barriers to Development
Inequality in income/wealth, especially when tied to racial, cultural, or other social divisions
Poor Infrastructure
Roads, Ports, Electricity, Water/Sanitation, Communication/Wireless
Quality of Financial Institutions
Availability of Savings, Credit, Investment
Poor Education System
Lack of Security
Lack of Natural Resources
Lack of Political Freedoms
Corruption/patronage
Market Failures
Geography/Bad Neighbors
External Barriers to Development
Multinational or Transnational Corporations (MNC/TNC) control of resources
Bad Deals
International Division of Labor
International Trade Patterns and Practices
WTO
Regional Trade Blocks
EU
TPP
NAFTA/UMCA
Institutional Change and Development
What institutions are needed to manage economic development?
Legal System
Pubic Works/Infrastructure
Public Health
Birth of new Institutions
Financial Sector
Banks
Stock Markets
Insurance Companies
Regulation
What is the Appropriate
Role of the State?
5 stages of Development WW. Rostow
Varieties of Paths to Development – Washington Consensus
Free Market/Free Trade
Low government borrowing. The idea was to discourage developing economies from having high fiscal deficits relative to their GDP.
Diversion of public spending from subsidies to important long-term growth supporting sectors like primary education, primary healthcare, and infrastructure.
Implementing tax reform policies to broaden the tax base and adopt moderate marginal tax rates.
Selecting interest rates that are determined by the market. These interest rates should be positive after taking inflation into account.
Encouraging competitive exchange rates through freely-floating currency exchange.
Adoption of free trade policies. This would result in the liberalization of imports, removing trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas.
Relaxing rules on foreign direct investment.
The privatization of state enterprises. Typically, in developing countries, these industries include railway, oil, and gas.
The eradication of regulations and policies that restrict competition or add unnecessary barriers to entry.
Development of property rights.
Varieties of Paths to Development – Beijing Consensus
Free Market With Chinese Characteristi.
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The document discusses the marketing environment and its various elements. It defines marketing environment as internal and external factors that affect a firm's marketing strategies. There are three levels of the marketing environment - micro, meso, and macro. It then goes on to explain the key factors under each element of the marketing environment - demographic, economic, socio-cultural, natural, technological, and political. These include factors like population growth, income distribution, social trends, environmental concerns, technological advancements, and government regulations respectively. The document provides details on each of these environmental factors and their impact on marketing.
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This document discusses the current state and future possibilities for the Dutch food system. It notes that the food system is at a crossroads due to public health issues, climate change, and environmental costs. The author analyzes the food system through the lenses of institutional economics and historical examples. Three economic mechanisms - Cochrane's treadmill, cluster/agglomeration effects, and chain organization changes - are discussed. Currently, agribusiness leads the food system, but scenarios for a greener, more sustainable future system are proposed, focusing on data management, regional approaches, and long-term environmental contracts.
Good visuals
The document summarizes the agenda and key topics for a stakeholders meeting, including:
1) An overview of the company's background in food processing since 1988, current infrastructure, operations, and industry they operate in.
2) A discussion of industry trends toward healthier, more convenient foods and the industry's projected growth.
3) An analysis of the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as recommendations regarding production expansion.
Ch 12
The marketing environment consists of internal and external forces that influence a company's ability to transact business. The microenvironment includes forces close to the company like customers, suppliers, competitors, and publics. The macroenvironment comprises larger societal forces like demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural factors. Marketers must monitor these forces and take a proactive approach to managing the environments to create favorable conditions.
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Group14 a 3-sec-a
The document presents a report on unemployment prepared by a macroeconomics group for their professor. It defines unemployment and notes that India faces a large problem with unemployment. It classifies unemployment into voluntary and involuntary types and lists some common forms of unemployment like cyclical, sudden, industry/business failure-related, and seasonal unemployment. It discusses some causes of unemployment in India like population growth, business cycles, industry closures, and educational system defects. It provides some statistics on projected unemployment in India by 2020 and notes the impacts of unemployment like a gap between potential and actual GDP. It concludes with defining stagflation.
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Fiscal policy refers to government attempts to influence the economy through taxes and spending. There are three stances of fiscal policy: neutral, expansionary, and contractionary. Government financing can be achieved through taxes, debt, or seigniorage. Taxes serve four main purposes: revenue, redistribution, repricing, and representation. Fiscal policy works through both discretionary and non-discretionary elements, such as automatic increases in government spending during economic slowdowns.
Group12 a 3-sec-a
Capital inflow is the increase in money from external sources to purchase local capital assets. It occurs through foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investment, external commercial borrowings, and non-resident Indian deposits. Liberalization, globalization, and cheaper options abroad cause capital inflows, which supplement domestic savings and support country growth, while providing returns for lenders and diversification benefits. However, heavy reliance on foreign capital can increase financial crises risk, dependence on other countries, and potential inflation. The major capital inflow forms to India are equity investments through foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investments.
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The document discusses various aspects of inflation including the different types, causes, and effects. It defines demand-pull and cost-push inflation and some of their potential causes. Hyperinflation is defined as extremely rapid price increases where the concept of inflation becomes meaningless. It also discusses stagflation, measures of inflation including WPI and CPI, and some of the costs of inflation like shoe leather costs, menu costs, and tax distortions. The document concludes by mentioning some methods to control inflation like monetary policy, fiscal policy, direct control of prices, and controlling wages and population growth.
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The document summarizes key inflation measures and concepts:
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Mktg.environment
- 1. Scanning the Marketing Environment Prasanna Venkatesh
- 5. Demographic Environment Worldwide Population Growth Population Age Mix Ethnic Markets Household Patterns Educational Groups Geographical Shifts in Population Shift from Mass Market to Micromarkets
- 6. Economic Environment Income Distribution Raw-material-exporting economies Industrializing economies Industrial economies Savings, Debt, & Credit Availability
- 7. Natural Environment Higher Pollution Levels Increased Costs of Energy Shortage of Raw Materials Changing Role of Government
- 8. Issues in the Technological Environment Accelerating Pace of Change Unlimited Opportunities for Innovation Increased Regulation Varying R & D Budgets
- 9. Increased Legislation Special- Interest Groups Political- Legal Environment
- 10. Social/Cultural Environment Of Organizations Of Nature Of Oneself Of Society Of the Universe Of Others Views That Express Values
- 11. Social/Cultural Environment High Persistence of Core Cultural Values Existence of Subcultures Shifts of Secondary Cultural Values Through Time