Mitral regurgitation is a heart valve condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward in the heart. It has various etiologies and risk factors. Diagnosis involves listening for murmurs downstream of the defect via auscultation. Treatment aims to reduce preload on the heart through diuretics and vasodilators like nitroprusside. Surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve may be needed.

1. Mitral
regurgitation
Pelle, Philipp, Sebastiaan

2. Etiology and pathophysiolology
Treatment
Risk factors

4. murmurs: heard best downstream of the defect

5. Auscultation:
mid-high frequency
holosytolic murmurs

8. auscultation: crackles at the base of the lungs

9. auscultation: narrowed airways lead to wheezing

10. hypoxemia -> increased respiratory rate: 36 per minute

13. Healthy PV loop

14. Reduce preload
AND edema:
short acting
diuretic:
Nitroprusside
Notice:
no isovolumic
contraction

15. Prevent exacerbation:
Decreased blood flow to kidney
Activation of renin-angiotensin
Angiotensin stimulates aldosterone
Water reabsorption and vasoconstriction
Even larger volume overload
Even higher blood pressure
Use ACE-inhibitor

16. Surgery to repair/replace the mitral valve

17. Left sided heart failure
Damage to pulmonary capillaries due to infection or
breathing noxious substances
Medications
Cardiomyopathy
High altitude
Heart disease
Renal failure
Risks