Cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are made of cells. Cells contain DNA, which carries the genetic code and acts as the blueprint for organisms. Cells come from pre-existing cells and reproduce through cell division, either mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and has six stages: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
It explains about what is cell division, types of cell division, why, how, functions, direct division, interphase, mitosis 4 phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
It explains about what is cell division, types of cell division, why, how, functions, direct division, interphase, mitosis 4 phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
-Cell Division Process In Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
-Compacting DNA into Chromosomes
-Types of Cell Reproduction
-Phases of the Cell Cycle
-Mitosis
-Meiosis
-Oogenesis & Spermatogenesis
-Comparison of Divisions
Detailed Lesson Plan (ENGLISH, MATH, SCIENCE, FILIPINO)Junnie Salud
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Cell DivisionCell Division in ProkaryotesBinary FissionDefMaximaSheffield592
Cell Division
Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Binary Fission
Definition
Bacterial cells divide by a method of asexual reproduction known as binary fission. Fission means splitting. So in the process the genetic material is replicated, the cell grows larger and then splits into two.
Genetic Material of the Bacterial Cell
The genetic information of a bacterial cell exists as a single, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule. Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells; they lack a nucleus. The DNA of the bacterial cell is not surrounded by and enclosed within a nuclear membrane. It lies free within the protoplasm of the bacterial cell. Although the bacterial cell lacks a nucleus, the area of the cell protoplasm where the nucleus is found is called the nucleoid.
Prior to the Division of the Cell the DNA must be Doubled
Prior to the division of the bacterial cell, the DNA must be replicated, producing two copies that can be equally distributed to each of the two daughter cells. Replication of the DNA at a specific site on the DNA molecule called the origin of replication. The replication enzymes copy the DNA of both strands, moving around the circular DNA in both directions simultaneously until a specific site of termination is reached. When these enzymes have proceeded all the way around the circle of DNA, the cell possesses two copies of the genome. These “daughter” genomes are attached side-by-side to the plasma membrane.
Elongation of the Cell and Segregation of DNA to Opposite Ends of the Cell
As the DNA replicates, the cell elongates. The two circular molecules of DNA now separate and move apart toward opposite ends of the cell.
Fission of the Cell into two Daughter Cells
After the DNA molecules have been segregated to opposite ends of the cell, the bacterial cell will divide to form two daughter cells. Then a group of proteins that will operate together to separate the cell into two assemble at the site of separation. A key component of this group of division machinery proteins is the protein FtsZ. FtsZ proteins begin the separation process by forming a ring in the middle of the cell. Other components of the division apparatus then join the FtsZ ring, forming new plasma membrane that separates the cytoplasm into the two cells. This is followed by the formation of cell wall material in the separation zones. The result of the process of binary fission is two cells, each with its own circular, double stranded, DNA molecule.
The cell will now begin to split into two cells by a process called septation. This occurs as a septum forms in the middle of the cell. A protein called FtsZ forms a ring in the middle of the cell. As this process proceeds, the cell lays down new plasma membrane and cell wall materials in the zone between the attachment sites of the two daughter genomes. A new plasma membrane grows between the genomes; eventually, it reaches all the way into the center of the cell, dividing it in two. B ...
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2.
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of life.
Cells come from other cells.
Schwann – animal cells 1839
Schleiden – plant cells 1839
Virchow – cell come from pre-existing cells
1855
3.
4.
5.
Cells contain genetic material in the nucleus
of the cell called DNA.
DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA is found in the chromosomes (structures found in the nucleus of the cell)
DNA carries the “genetic code” for that
organism
6. DNA is sometimes called "the blueprint of
life" because it contains the code, or
instructions for building and organism and
ensuring that organism functions correctly.
Just like a builder uses a blueprint to build
a house, DNA is used as the blueprint, or
plans, for the entire organism.
7.
It is the chemical component of chromosomes,
which are located in the nucleus of every cell.
Stretches of DNA (or stretches of
chromosomes) code for genes.
Gene - a segment of DNA that codes for a
protein, which in turn codes for a trait (skin
tone, eye color..etc), a gene is a stretch of DNA.
The structure of DNA was established by James
Watson and Francis Crick.
8.
9.
10.
Where do cells come from?
All organisms begin as one cell.
How do cells reproduce?
11.
In unicellular (single celled) organisms,
the cell divides to make new versions of
itself. In multicellular organisms, the cells
divide and then specialize to become
different structures such as heart, brain,
lungs, etc.
Every day, your skin cells die and replace
themselves by reproducing new ones.
They do this by division.
12.
This process of division is called
Mitosis – is a process in which a
cell divides resulting in two identical cells,
each containing the same number of
chromosomes and genetic content.