The document discusses the concepts and techniques of Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID). MID aims to preserve healthy tooth structure by detecting and treating dental caries early using non-invasive procedures. The key concepts of MID include early diagnosis of caries, assessing individual caries risk, using radiographs to evaluate caries depth and progression, arresting and remineralizing early lesions, and restoring cavities with minimal tooth preparation. MID techniques discussed are ART, tunnel preparations, air abrasion, chemomechanical caries removal, and laser cavity preparation. The document also covers assessing risk factors, remineralization methods, and repairing restorations instead of replacement.
PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS- PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRYANKUSHA ARORA
Introduction
Definition
Morphology of Pits and fissures
Types of Pit and fissure sealants
Materials used as sealants
Requirements of sealants
Diagnosis of Pit and Fissure caries
Procedure of application of sealants
Indications
Contra-indications
Factors affecting sealant retention in mouth
Summary
This document summarizes a study evaluating the efficacy of the Hall Technique for managing carious primary molars. The Hall Technique involves cementing preformed metal crowns over primary molars with caries extending into the dentine, without local anesthesia, caries removal, or tooth preparation. The study involved over 300 children aged 5-9 years old and found that 230 parents were happy with the technique for being quick, easy, comfortable, and avoiding needles. However, 24 objected to aesthetics, 39 reported discomfort, and 7 had crown displacement. The conclusion is that the Hall Technique provides a minimal intervention and child-friendly approach for managing carious primary molars.
This document discusses vertical root fractures, including their definition, classification, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevalence. A vertical root fracture is a longitudinally oriented complete or incomplete fracture that originates in the root. Premolars are the most susceptible teeth. Risk factors include endodontic treatment, posts, and excessive forces from trauma or heavy chewing. Clinically, a vertical root fracture may cause vague pain, a sinus tract, or a narrow isolated periodontal pocket. Radiographs may reveal a J-shaped radiolucency or separated root segments. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and examination, as well as radiographic findings. Vertical root fractures account for 3-20% of extracted teeth.
This document discusses caries risk assessment in dentistry. It defines risk assessment as using factors to determine a patient's likelihood of developing dental diseases. Caries risk assessment can help predict who will develop caries, increase examination suspicion for high-risk patients, identify patients early in the disease process, and determine who will benefit from prevention. The treatment plan and decisions should be based on a careful caries diagnosis, risk assessment, and classification of the patient's treatment needs. Caries risk assessment tests saliva and plaque for bacteria levels, pH, and defense factors to predict future caries development and inform prevention.
Endodontics is the specialty of dentistry that manages the dental pulp and surrounding tissues. It involves diagnosing and treating issues like pulpal nerve damage, which can cause pain or sensitivity. Diagnostic tests are used to examine the tooth and determine the specific condition, such as pulpitis or a periradicular abscess. Common endodontic procedures include pulpotomy, pulpectomy, and root canal therapy which aim to preserve or remove the pulp and disinfect and fill the root canals. Surgical endodontic procedures like apicoectomy and retrograde restoration are needed when non-surgical root canal treatment fails or to address anatomical issues.
PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS- PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRYANKUSHA ARORA
Introduction
Definition
Morphology of Pits and fissures
Types of Pit and fissure sealants
Materials used as sealants
Requirements of sealants
Diagnosis of Pit and Fissure caries
Procedure of application of sealants
Indications
Contra-indications
Factors affecting sealant retention in mouth
Summary
This document summarizes a study evaluating the efficacy of the Hall Technique for managing carious primary molars. The Hall Technique involves cementing preformed metal crowns over primary molars with caries extending into the dentine, without local anesthesia, caries removal, or tooth preparation. The study involved over 300 children aged 5-9 years old and found that 230 parents were happy with the technique for being quick, easy, comfortable, and avoiding needles. However, 24 objected to aesthetics, 39 reported discomfort, and 7 had crown displacement. The conclusion is that the Hall Technique provides a minimal intervention and child-friendly approach for managing carious primary molars.
This document discusses vertical root fractures, including their definition, classification, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevalence. A vertical root fracture is a longitudinally oriented complete or incomplete fracture that originates in the root. Premolars are the most susceptible teeth. Risk factors include endodontic treatment, posts, and excessive forces from trauma or heavy chewing. Clinically, a vertical root fracture may cause vague pain, a sinus tract, or a narrow isolated periodontal pocket. Radiographs may reveal a J-shaped radiolucency or separated root segments. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and examination, as well as radiographic findings. Vertical root fractures account for 3-20% of extracted teeth.
This document discusses caries risk assessment in dentistry. It defines risk assessment as using factors to determine a patient's likelihood of developing dental diseases. Caries risk assessment can help predict who will develop caries, increase examination suspicion for high-risk patients, identify patients early in the disease process, and determine who will benefit from prevention. The treatment plan and decisions should be based on a careful caries diagnosis, risk assessment, and classification of the patient's treatment needs. Caries risk assessment tests saliva and plaque for bacteria levels, pH, and defense factors to predict future caries development and inform prevention.
Endodontics is the specialty of dentistry that manages the dental pulp and surrounding tissues. It involves diagnosing and treating issues like pulpal nerve damage, which can cause pain or sensitivity. Diagnostic tests are used to examine the tooth and determine the specific condition, such as pulpitis or a periradicular abscess. Common endodontic procedures include pulpotomy, pulpectomy, and root canal therapy which aim to preserve or remove the pulp and disinfect and fill the root canals. Surgical endodontic procedures like apicoectomy and retrograde restoration are needed when non-surgical root canal treatment fails or to address anatomical issues.
Space regaining involves moving a displaced permanent tooth into its proper position after premature loss of a deciduous tooth. Methods include fixed appliances like open coil springs and removable appliances like Hawley's retainers. Removable appliances are activated gradually over weeks to exert light distal force on molars and regain up to 2mm of space. Fixed appliances can regain space faster but require proper cementation. Space regaining is best done between ages 7-10 years when tooth roots are still developing.
The document discusses cleaning and shaping objectives, principles, and techniques in endodontics. It aims to remove canal contents, irregularities, and obstructions while maintaining the original canal anatomy and foramen size. Cleaning is achieved through instrumentation and irrigation, assessed by debris removal and smooth canal walls. Shaping provides a continuously tapering preparation from crown to apex. Working length is 1 mm from the radiographic apex. Techniques include step-back preparation from apex to crown in phases using increasingly larger instruments supplemented by irrigation and recapitulation.
The document discusses access cavity preparation for endodontic treatment. It provides guidelines for preparing access cavities, including removing caries and restorations, locating all canal orifices, and achieving straight line access to the canals. Specific steps are outlined for preparing access cavities in anterior and posterior teeth, including maxillary and mandibular molars as well as maxillary central incisors. The goal of access cavity preparation is to allow for thorough cleaning, shaping, and filling of the root canal system.
Trauma from occlusion (Including TFO around dental implants)Jignesh Patel
The document discusses trauma from occlusion (TFO) in the periodontium. It defines TFO as injury to the periodontal tissues when occlusal forces exceed the tissues' adaptive capacity. TFO can be primary, from altered forces on normally supported teeth, or secondary, from normal/excessive forces on teeth with reduced support. The document reviews studies on the role of occlusion in periodontal disease and the stages of tissue response to increased forces. It provides guidance on clinical detection of TFO and treatment considerations like occlusal adjustment or splinting.
Ethics is concerned with judging what is right and wrong in human conduct. Dental ethics refers to the moral duties of dentists towards patients, colleagues, and society. Key principles of dental ethics include non-maleficence (do no harm), beneficence (do good), respect for patient autonomy and informed consent, justice, truthfulness, and confidentiality. Unethical practices include using unregistered assistants, falsifying records, improper advertising, and undercharging to solicit patients. Historical events like the Nazi experiments, Tuskegee trials, and Declaration of Helsinki established standards to protect research participants through informed consent and review boards. Adherence to an ethical code is important for maintaining trust in the dental profession.
traumatic injuries in children: trauma to teeth and softJeena Paul
This document discusses traumatic injuries to children's teeth and soft tissues. It notes that trauma occurs frequently in children, with the highest incidence between ages 2-3. Common causes of trauma include falls, accidents, and sports. Examination of injured children should involve a thorough history, clinical examination of soft tissues and teeth, and radiographs to check for fractures or displaced teeth/bone. Proper documentation of findings is important for diagnosis and treatment planning.
1. The document discusses electronic apex locators (EALs), which are devices used to determine the working length of a root canal without radiography.
2. It describes the six generations of EALs, from first-generation resistance-based devices to sixth-generation adaptive apex locators. Key EAL models are provided for each generation.
3. The mechanisms of EALs are explained, noting they measure changes in resistance or impedance as a file tip approaches the apex. Accuracy and limitations of each generation are summarized.
The document discusses guidelines for access cavity preparation during root canal treatment. It describes the objectives of access cavity preparation as removing caries, conserving sound tooth structure, unroofing the pulp chamber, removing pulp tissue, locating canal orifices, and achieving straight-line access to the foramen. The guiding principles are to shape the cavity for unimpeded instrument access, make it large enough for debridement but not excessively large, and avoid disturbing the pulp chamber floor in posterior teeth. Key factors influencing access preparation include the size and shape of the pulp chamber and the number and curvature of root canals. The document also reviews the typical root canal morphologies of different tooth types.
Minimum intervention dentistry focuses on early diagnosis and prevention of dental disease through non-invasive treatments. It aims to repair tooth structure through remineralization and sealing of early lesions rather than drilling. When cavitation occurs, minimally invasive techniques like air abrasion, lasers, or chemomechanical removal are used to minimize tooth structure removal before restoring with adhesive materials like composite or glass ionomer cement. Existing restorations are repaired where possible rather than replaced to further reduce intervention.
Caries risk assessment and management in infant, children and adolescent
Introduction
Definition
Changing Paradigms for Dealing with Dental Caries
Advantages
Caries Balance/Imbalance
Risk Indicators
Caries Risk Assessment Methods
Caries Questionnaire in combination with Clinical Observations
AAPD's Caries-risk Assessment Form
The Cariogram Model
Caries Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) test
Caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA)
Traffic Light Matrix (TLM).
Caries management protocol for infants and children
Conclusion
References
This document discusses tooth mobility, including its definition, types, assessment methods, and clinical significance. It provides details on physiologic and pathologic tooth mobility, factors that affect mobility, and methods for evaluating mobility. Treatment options are outlined for different situations involving increased tooth mobility and include occlusal adjustment, splinting, and sometimes extraction for advanced periodontal disease cases.
This document discusses caries risk assessment tools and factors. It introduces several tools used to assess caries risk: the Caries Risk Assessment Tool (CAT), Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), Cariogram, and the Traffic Light Matrix. It describes the various factors each tool considers like biological factors, protective factors, clinical findings, plaque, specific microbes, diet, eating patterns, and saliva. The goal of these tools is to improve oral health by introducing preventive measures before irreversible lesions develop based on a patient's caries risk level and factors.
Pulpectomy is a dental procedure to remove infected or dead pulp from the root canals of primary teeth. It aims to maintain the tooth in a non-infected state by cleaning and filling the root canals. A partial pulpectomy removes pulp from a single visit, while a complete pulpectomy is done over two visits with emergency treatment followed by root canal filling. Common filling materials for primary teeth include zinc oxide eugenol paste and iodoform paste, which resorb at a rate similar to the tooth root. The procedure involves local anesthesia, access through the crown, pulp removal, canal cleaning and shaping, irrigation, drying and obturation.
The document summarizes the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). ICDAS provides a standardized system for detecting and coding dental caries, accounting for both enamel and dentine lesions. It has applications in dental education, clinical practice, research, and epidemiology/public health. ICDAS involves visual inspection of clean, dried teeth and codes lesions from 0 to 6 based on their severity. It also provides codes for caries detection associated with restorations and sealants, as well as root surface caries detection.
This document discusses different types of full coverage restorations for anterior primary teeth in pediatric dentistry. It begins with an introduction describing the shift from extracting decayed primary teeth to restoring them. It then covers indications for full coverage of anterior teeth and contraindications. The main types discussed are stainless steel/open faced crowns, composite strip crowns, polycarbonate crowns, pre-veneered crowns, and zirconia crowns. For each type, the document describes advantages and disadvantages. It concludes that esthetics are now important in pediatric dentistry and different full coverage options allow restoring decayed anterior primary teeth while considering function, durability and aesthetics.
Minimally invasive dentistry aims to control dental disease through early detection and least invasive treatment methods. It focuses on remineralizing early lesions and performing minimal surgical procedures. Recent advances include new cavity classification systems, preparation techniques like tunnels and slots, and caries removal methods like air abrasion, sonoabrasion, and chemomechanical removal. The Atraumatic Restorative Technique and Interim Therapeutic Restoration were developed to provide basic dental care using only hand instruments and restorative materials like glass ionomer cement. Lasers can also be used for caries prevention, removal and cavity preparation with minimal thermal damage to surrounding tooth structure.
This document provides information on caries risk assessment tools and models. It discusses the CAMBRA (Caries Management By Risk Assessment) model, which takes an individualized approach to caries risk assessment and management based on a patient's risk factors, protective factors, and disease indicators. The Cariogram is introduced as another caries risk assessment tool that provides a graphical representation of a patient's caries risk based on entered data on factors like diet, bacteria levels, fluoride exposure, and past caries experience. It calculates the patient's "chance to avoid new cavities" to help determine their risk level and guide preventive recommendations.
This document provides an overview of minimally invasive dentistry (MID), including:
1. MID aims to conserve healthy tooth structure using prevention, remineralization, and minimal intervention. It focuses on performing only necessary dentistry using long-lasting materials.
2. Key principles of MID include disease control, remineralization of early lesions, avoiding removal of excess tooth structure, and using strong, long-lasting materials.
3. Techniques discussed include caries diagnosis/risk assessment, various caries removal methods like air abrasion and lasers, fissure sealants, preventive resin restorations, ART, and chemo-mechanical caries removal.
Minimal invasive dentistry in caris management.pptxMuddaAbdo1
This document discusses principles of minimal invasive dentistry for caries management. Minimal invasive dentistry aims to detect and treat dental caries early through conservative methods to preserve tooth structure. It describes techniques like ART which uses hand instruments to remove caries and restore teeth with glass ionomer cement. Other techniques discussed include tunnel/slot preparations, air abrasion, laser caries removal, and repairing old restorations where possible instead of replacement. The document emphasizes the importance of diagnosing caries severity and using the least invasive treatment options based on the ICDAS classification.
Space regaining involves moving a displaced permanent tooth into its proper position after premature loss of a deciduous tooth. Methods include fixed appliances like open coil springs and removable appliances like Hawley's retainers. Removable appliances are activated gradually over weeks to exert light distal force on molars and regain up to 2mm of space. Fixed appliances can regain space faster but require proper cementation. Space regaining is best done between ages 7-10 years when tooth roots are still developing.
The document discusses cleaning and shaping objectives, principles, and techniques in endodontics. It aims to remove canal contents, irregularities, and obstructions while maintaining the original canal anatomy and foramen size. Cleaning is achieved through instrumentation and irrigation, assessed by debris removal and smooth canal walls. Shaping provides a continuously tapering preparation from crown to apex. Working length is 1 mm from the radiographic apex. Techniques include step-back preparation from apex to crown in phases using increasingly larger instruments supplemented by irrigation and recapitulation.
The document discusses access cavity preparation for endodontic treatment. It provides guidelines for preparing access cavities, including removing caries and restorations, locating all canal orifices, and achieving straight line access to the canals. Specific steps are outlined for preparing access cavities in anterior and posterior teeth, including maxillary and mandibular molars as well as maxillary central incisors. The goal of access cavity preparation is to allow for thorough cleaning, shaping, and filling of the root canal system.
Trauma from occlusion (Including TFO around dental implants)Jignesh Patel
The document discusses trauma from occlusion (TFO) in the periodontium. It defines TFO as injury to the periodontal tissues when occlusal forces exceed the tissues' adaptive capacity. TFO can be primary, from altered forces on normally supported teeth, or secondary, from normal/excessive forces on teeth with reduced support. The document reviews studies on the role of occlusion in periodontal disease and the stages of tissue response to increased forces. It provides guidance on clinical detection of TFO and treatment considerations like occlusal adjustment or splinting.
Ethics is concerned with judging what is right and wrong in human conduct. Dental ethics refers to the moral duties of dentists towards patients, colleagues, and society. Key principles of dental ethics include non-maleficence (do no harm), beneficence (do good), respect for patient autonomy and informed consent, justice, truthfulness, and confidentiality. Unethical practices include using unregistered assistants, falsifying records, improper advertising, and undercharging to solicit patients. Historical events like the Nazi experiments, Tuskegee trials, and Declaration of Helsinki established standards to protect research participants through informed consent and review boards. Adherence to an ethical code is important for maintaining trust in the dental profession.
traumatic injuries in children: trauma to teeth and softJeena Paul
This document discusses traumatic injuries to children's teeth and soft tissues. It notes that trauma occurs frequently in children, with the highest incidence between ages 2-3. Common causes of trauma include falls, accidents, and sports. Examination of injured children should involve a thorough history, clinical examination of soft tissues and teeth, and radiographs to check for fractures or displaced teeth/bone. Proper documentation of findings is important for diagnosis and treatment planning.
1. The document discusses electronic apex locators (EALs), which are devices used to determine the working length of a root canal without radiography.
2. It describes the six generations of EALs, from first-generation resistance-based devices to sixth-generation adaptive apex locators. Key EAL models are provided for each generation.
3. The mechanisms of EALs are explained, noting they measure changes in resistance or impedance as a file tip approaches the apex. Accuracy and limitations of each generation are summarized.
The document discusses guidelines for access cavity preparation during root canal treatment. It describes the objectives of access cavity preparation as removing caries, conserving sound tooth structure, unroofing the pulp chamber, removing pulp tissue, locating canal orifices, and achieving straight-line access to the foramen. The guiding principles are to shape the cavity for unimpeded instrument access, make it large enough for debridement but not excessively large, and avoid disturbing the pulp chamber floor in posterior teeth. Key factors influencing access preparation include the size and shape of the pulp chamber and the number and curvature of root canals. The document also reviews the typical root canal morphologies of different tooth types.
Minimum intervention dentistry focuses on early diagnosis and prevention of dental disease through non-invasive treatments. It aims to repair tooth structure through remineralization and sealing of early lesions rather than drilling. When cavitation occurs, minimally invasive techniques like air abrasion, lasers, or chemomechanical removal are used to minimize tooth structure removal before restoring with adhesive materials like composite or glass ionomer cement. Existing restorations are repaired where possible rather than replaced to further reduce intervention.
Caries risk assessment and management in infant, children and adolescent
Introduction
Definition
Changing Paradigms for Dealing with Dental Caries
Advantages
Caries Balance/Imbalance
Risk Indicators
Caries Risk Assessment Methods
Caries Questionnaire in combination with Clinical Observations
AAPD's Caries-risk Assessment Form
The Cariogram Model
Caries Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) test
Caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA)
Traffic Light Matrix (TLM).
Caries management protocol for infants and children
Conclusion
References
This document discusses tooth mobility, including its definition, types, assessment methods, and clinical significance. It provides details on physiologic and pathologic tooth mobility, factors that affect mobility, and methods for evaluating mobility. Treatment options are outlined for different situations involving increased tooth mobility and include occlusal adjustment, splinting, and sometimes extraction for advanced periodontal disease cases.
This document discusses caries risk assessment tools and factors. It introduces several tools used to assess caries risk: the Caries Risk Assessment Tool (CAT), Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), Cariogram, and the Traffic Light Matrix. It describes the various factors each tool considers like biological factors, protective factors, clinical findings, plaque, specific microbes, diet, eating patterns, and saliva. The goal of these tools is to improve oral health by introducing preventive measures before irreversible lesions develop based on a patient's caries risk level and factors.
Pulpectomy is a dental procedure to remove infected or dead pulp from the root canals of primary teeth. It aims to maintain the tooth in a non-infected state by cleaning and filling the root canals. A partial pulpectomy removes pulp from a single visit, while a complete pulpectomy is done over two visits with emergency treatment followed by root canal filling. Common filling materials for primary teeth include zinc oxide eugenol paste and iodoform paste, which resorb at a rate similar to the tooth root. The procedure involves local anesthesia, access through the crown, pulp removal, canal cleaning and shaping, irrigation, drying and obturation.
The document summarizes the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). ICDAS provides a standardized system for detecting and coding dental caries, accounting for both enamel and dentine lesions. It has applications in dental education, clinical practice, research, and epidemiology/public health. ICDAS involves visual inspection of clean, dried teeth and codes lesions from 0 to 6 based on their severity. It also provides codes for caries detection associated with restorations and sealants, as well as root surface caries detection.
This document discusses different types of full coverage restorations for anterior primary teeth in pediatric dentistry. It begins with an introduction describing the shift from extracting decayed primary teeth to restoring them. It then covers indications for full coverage of anterior teeth and contraindications. The main types discussed are stainless steel/open faced crowns, composite strip crowns, polycarbonate crowns, pre-veneered crowns, and zirconia crowns. For each type, the document describes advantages and disadvantages. It concludes that esthetics are now important in pediatric dentistry and different full coverage options allow restoring decayed anterior primary teeth while considering function, durability and aesthetics.
Minimally invasive dentistry aims to control dental disease through early detection and least invasive treatment methods. It focuses on remineralizing early lesions and performing minimal surgical procedures. Recent advances include new cavity classification systems, preparation techniques like tunnels and slots, and caries removal methods like air abrasion, sonoabrasion, and chemomechanical removal. The Atraumatic Restorative Technique and Interim Therapeutic Restoration were developed to provide basic dental care using only hand instruments and restorative materials like glass ionomer cement. Lasers can also be used for caries prevention, removal and cavity preparation with minimal thermal damage to surrounding tooth structure.
This document provides information on caries risk assessment tools and models. It discusses the CAMBRA (Caries Management By Risk Assessment) model, which takes an individualized approach to caries risk assessment and management based on a patient's risk factors, protective factors, and disease indicators. The Cariogram is introduced as another caries risk assessment tool that provides a graphical representation of a patient's caries risk based on entered data on factors like diet, bacteria levels, fluoride exposure, and past caries experience. It calculates the patient's "chance to avoid new cavities" to help determine their risk level and guide preventive recommendations.
This document provides an overview of minimally invasive dentistry (MID), including:
1. MID aims to conserve healthy tooth structure using prevention, remineralization, and minimal intervention. It focuses on performing only necessary dentistry using long-lasting materials.
2. Key principles of MID include disease control, remineralization of early lesions, avoiding removal of excess tooth structure, and using strong, long-lasting materials.
3. Techniques discussed include caries diagnosis/risk assessment, various caries removal methods like air abrasion and lasers, fissure sealants, preventive resin restorations, ART, and chemo-mechanical caries removal.
Minimal invasive dentistry in caris management.pptxMuddaAbdo1
This document discusses principles of minimal invasive dentistry for caries management. Minimal invasive dentistry aims to detect and treat dental caries early through conservative methods to preserve tooth structure. It describes techniques like ART which uses hand instruments to remove caries and restore teeth with glass ionomer cement. Other techniques discussed include tunnel/slot preparations, air abrasion, laser caries removal, and repairing old restorations where possible instead of replacement. The document emphasizes the importance of diagnosing caries severity and using the least invasive treatment options based on the ICDAS classification.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE DENTISTRY in Conservative DentistrySindhuVemula1
This document provides an overview of minimally invasive dentistry (MID), including its principles, approaches, and materials. MID focuses on preserving healthy tooth structure and using the least invasive dental treatments possible. It discusses methods for early caries diagnosis and removal, such as laser fluorescence, FOTI, and air abrasion. Restorative materials mentioned that are suitable for MID due to their conservative properties include glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, and composites. The document also outlines newer advances in minimally invasive caries removal techniques like air abrasion, lasers, and chemomechanical caries removal.
This document discusses various minimal invasive dentistry techniques including:
- Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) which uses hand instruments and glass ionomer cement to arrest caries lesions.
- Cavity modifications using high and low speed burs that aim to preserve tooth structure by only removing infected dentin.
- SonicSys Micro which uses an oscillating handpiece for proximal cavities.
- Chemomechanical caries removal using solutions like Carisolv or Caridex to selectively degrade carious dentin.
- Air abrasion using aluminum oxide particles to remove hard dental tissue with minimal invasiveness.
- Bonded restorations using adhesive materials like composites, glass ionomers and
Vital pulp therapy aims to maintain pulp vitality by removing irritants and placing protective materials over exposed pulp. Indirect pulp capping covers deep caries with a biocompatible material to stimulate tertiary dentin formation and arrest decay. Direct pulp capping places protective dressings directly over pulp exposures to induce reparative dentin bridges. Calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate are commonly used capping agents. Apexification forms apical barriers in open-apexed teeth while pulpotomy removes coronal pulp to preserve radicular vitality. Gentle techniques and accurate diagnoses are important for predictable outcomes of vital pulp therapies.
This document discusses the concepts and techniques of minimal invasive dentistry. It provides a timeline of the evolution of the approach from "replacement dentistry" to "minimal intervention dentistry". The key elements are early diagnosis of caries, remineralization of early lesions, and minimal removal of infected tooth structure. Techniques discussed include air abrasion, laser ablation, chemomechanical caries removal and atraumatic restorative treatment. The goals are to preserve tooth structure, control the disease, and replace minimally.
The document discusses minimal invasive dentistry (MID). It defines MID as a philosophy focused on early detection and treatment of dental disease using minimal invasive techniques. The document outlines various principles, motives, diagnostic aids, and preparation techniques used in MID, including atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and air abrasion.
This document discusses endodontic mishaps and procedural accidents that can occur during root canal treatment. It begins by defining endodontic mishaps and classifying them into categories such as access related, instrumentation related, and obturation related mishaps. Specific mishaps like treating the wrong tooth, missed canals, ledge formation, and perforations are described in detail. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing mishaps, correcting them properly, and preventing future errors through careful diagnosis, instrumentation techniques, and quality control measures.
This document provides an overview of minimal intervention dentistry. It defines minimal intervention dentistry as an approach focused on early detection and diagnosis of dental caries, followed by minimally invasive treatment. The key principles discussed include early caries diagnosis, classification of caries depth and progression, individual caries risk assessment, reduction of cariogenic bacteria, and remineralization of early lesions. Various methods for caries diagnosis and classification are described. The document also discusses strategies for decreasing caries risk, including remineralizing agents and antimicrobial therapies to arrest active lesions and promote remineralization. Remineralizing agents that are discussed include fluoride, bioactive glasses, CPP-ACP, TCP, ACP
It include proximal stripping, Diagnostic aids, advantages, disadvantages, periodontal consideration, procedure for proximal stripping. Expansion, extraction, Distalization in detail as method of gaining space, Extra-oral, Intra-oral method for gaining space. uprighting, derotation of posterior teeth. proclination of anterior teeth.
This document discusses modern approaches to caries management and prevention. It emphasizes detecting caries early to allow arrest through non-operative treatment like changing diet and oral hygiene. If caries is active but initial, remineralization can avoid restoration. For cavitated lesions, the decision to restore depends on factors like lesion size and location. Fissure sealants and resin prevent further caries in pits and fissures. The goal is to minimize operative treatment through preventive methods and restoration only when necessary to protect pulp vitality or address symptoms.
1. ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment) was developed in Tanzania in the mid-1980s as a minimal intervention and maximal prevention treatment approach. It involves removing decay using hand instruments and restoring with adhesive materials like glass ionomer cement.
2. The key principles of ART are preserving tooth structure by removing only decayed material, reducing infection, and avoiding discomfort by not using local anesthesia. It is indicated for small cavities involving dentin that can be accessed with hand instruments.
3. Preventive resin restoration is a technique to seal caries limited to enamel using acid etching and resin-based sealants. It comes in three types - Type A seals suspicious pits/fissures, Type
1. ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment) was developed in Tanzania in the mid-1980s as a minimal intervention and maximal prevention treatment approach. It involves removing decay using hand instruments and restoring with adhesive materials like glass ionomer cement.
2. The key principles of ART are preserving tooth structure by removing only decayed material, reducing infection, and avoiding discomfort by not using local anesthesia. It is indicated for small cavities involving dentin that can be accessed with hand instruments.
3. Preventive resin restoration is a technique to seal caries limited to enamel using acid etching and resin-based sealants. It comes in three types - Type A seals suspicious pits/fissures, Type
1. Success rates for initial endodontic treatment range from 54-95% depending on studies and definitions of success.
2. Factors affecting success or failure include diagnosis, root canal anatomy, debridement, quality of filling, and systemic health.
3. Causes of endodontic failure include residual bacteria, incomplete debridement, hemorrhage, iatrogenic errors, and systemic factors.
4. Retreatment involves removing previous fillings and obstructions, regaining patency, and thoroughly cleaning and refilling canals. Outcomes depend on regaining patency and quality of
Periodontal plastic surgery is defined as the surgical procedures performed to correct deformities of the gingiva or alveolar mucosa. It includes widening of attached gingiva,
deepening of shallow vestibules, resection of the aberrant frena, depigmentation of gingiva.In all of these procedures, blood supply is the most significant concern and must be the underlying issue for all decisions regarding the individual surgical procedure.
Minimal intervention dentistry vs g.v blackEdward Kaliisa
Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) is a response to the traditional, surgical manner of managing dental caries, that is based on the operative concepts of G.V. Black of more than a century ago. MID is a philosophy that attempts to ensure that teeth are kept functional for life
Minimally invasive dentistry (MID) is an evidence based intervention approach supported internationally that aims to do the least harm to effected and surrounding tissues
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
2. • Extension for prevention v/s prevention of
extension: the former approach require
removal of diseased portion of tooth along
with extension of cavities to the areas prone
to caries but the later approach involves the
minimal disturbance and involvement of the
healthy tooth structure.
3. • MID approach in managing dental caries
incorporates detecting, diagnosing,
intercepting and treating dental caries on the
microscopic level.
4. • MID approach includes the following
concepts:
» Early diagnosis of caries
» Assessment of individual caries risk
» Radiographic assessment of caries depth and progress
» Decreasing the risk of further demineralization and
arresting existing lesion’
» Remineralization of existing lesion
» Restoring cavitated lesions using minimal tooth
preparation
» Repair rather than replacement of defective restorations.
5. EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CARIES
• It involves early detection of carious lesions
and also determination of caries activity.
Caries activity can be determined by
monitoring the lesion overtime.
• Radiographs, clinical information can be used
to detect caries.
• Electrical conductance method, quantitative
laser fluorescence, tuned aperture computed
tomography can also be used.
6. • MID approach includes the following
concepts:
» Early diagnosis of caries
» Assessment of individual caries risk
» Radiographic assessment of caries depth and progress
» Decreasing the risk of further demineralization and
arresting existing lesion’
» Remineralization of existing lesion
» Restoring cavitated lesions using minimal tooth
preparation
» Repair rather than replacement of defective restorations.
7. Assessment of individual caries risk
• Risk assessment is a diagnostic tool that helps
professionals supervise individual’s oral health.
• It is a process that attempts to identify those
children who are at greater risk for a high level of
caries and will need more oral health supervision.
• The risk factors are:
– Physical- variation in tooth enamel, deep pits and fissures,
anatomically suspected areas.
– Gastric reflux
– High streptococcus mutans
– Previous caries experience
8. Behavioural:
• Bottle used at night for sleep
• Frequent snacking
• Inadequate oral hygiene
• Eating disorder
• Socio environmental:
Inadequate fluoride
Poor family oral health
Poverty
9. • Disease or treatment related:
– Special carbohydrate diet
– Frequent saliva flow from medication
– Orthodontic appliances
10. • MID approach includes the following
concepts:
» Early diagnosis of caries
» Assessment of individual caries risk
» Radiographic assessment of caries depth and progress
» Decreasing the risk of further demineralization and
arresting existing lesion’
» Remineralization of existing lesion
» Restoring cavitated lesions using minimal tooth
preparation
» Repair rather than replacement of defective restorations.
11. Radiographic assessment of caries
depth and progress
• Radiographs such as bite wings are helpful in
detecting and analyzing the depth of caries.
• Follow up radiographs at random can also
describe the progress of caries.
• Digital radiographs are also helpful.
12. • MID approach includes the following
concepts:
» Early diagnosis of caries
» Assessment of individual caries risk
» Radiographic assessment of caries depth and progress
» Decreasing the risk of further demineralization and
arresting existing lesion’
» Remineralization of existing lesion
» Restoring cavitated lesions using minimal tooth
preparation
» Repair rather than replacement of defective restorations.
13. Decreasing the risk of further demineralization
and arresting existing lesion
• It involves use of various chemicals and other
agents that can reduce the rate of progression
of caries.
• Generally fluorides are being used for this
process.
14. • MID approach includes the following
concepts:
» Early diagnosis of caries
» Assessment of individual caries risk
» Radiographic assessment of caries depth and progress
» Decreasing the risk of further demineralization and
arresting existing lesion’
» Remineralization of existing lesion
» Restoring cavitated lesions using minimal tooth
preparation
» Repair rather than replacement of defective restorations.
15. Remineralization of the existing lesion
• It has established that it is possible to arrest and even
reverse the mineral loss associated with caries at an
early stage before cavitation takes place.
• The cyclic loss and gain of Ca and phosphate form the
basis of demineralization and remineralization. The ph
of the oral cavity matters in this regard.
• Taking advantage of the tooth’s ability to remineralize,
the balance can be tipped in favour of remineralization
by altering oral environment. The phenomenon of
alteration include:
16. • Decreasing the frequency of intake of refined
carbohydrates.
• Following plaque control measures
• Maintaining salivary flow
• Motivating and educating the patient.
• The chlorhexidine and fluorides also
encourages remineralization.
17. • MID approach includes the following
concepts:
» Early diagnosis of caries
» Assessment of individual caries risk
» Radiographic assessment of caries depth and progress
» Decreasing the risk of further demineralization and
arresting existing lesion’
» Remineralization of existing lesion
» Restoring cavitated lesions using minimal tooth
preparation
» Repair rather than replacement of defective restorations.
18. Restoring cavitated lesions using
minimal tooth preparation
• The tooth can be restored by one of the
following methods:
– Preparation with hand instruments
– Preparation with high speed instruments
– Air abrasion
– Chemo-mechanical cavity preparation
– Laser cavity preparation
– Sonic oscillating system
19. Preparation with hand instruments ART-
atraumatic restorative treatment
• This technique involves the removal of the
affected tooth tissues with hand instruments,
followed by the restoration of the cavity with
specially designed glass ionomer cement.
20. Clinical technique:
Isolate the tooth or teeth to be treated with cotton wool
rolls and clean the tooth surface with a wet cotton pellet.
Widen the entrance of the lesion with the help of a dental
hatchet
Remove the soft caries with an excavator and wash cavity
with lukewarm water.
Insert mixed glassionomer in to the cavity and overfill
slightly .with petroleum jelly coated gloved finger apply
slight pressure on the occlusal surface for a few sec
Check the bite and adjust the occlusion with the help of an
articulating paper ,cover the filling with petrolleum jelly or
dental varnish.
21.
22. • Advantages :
– No sophisticated dental equipment is needed
– Treatment is not dependent on elctricity
– Operator requires minimal training.
– Fluoride release from GIC will have a cariostatic
effect.
– Cost very less
– Time consumed is very less
23. Preparation with rotary instrument
• Tunnel preparation: It is performed by
accessing the carious dentin from the occlusal
surface while reserving the marginal ridge.
• Tunnel preparation proceeds from occlusal
surface to the proximal carious lesions, leaving
the marginal ridge intact.
24. • Tunnel restorations are divided into three types:
1. Internal- It is the cavity preparation touching the
lesion, there is no actual cavitation and objective
is remineralization.
2. Partial- In this, enamel is smoothened around
the periphery and the remaining lesion in touch
with the preparation can remineralize.
3. Total tunnel preparation- All demineralized
enamel is removed.
25.
26. Technique
• Adjacent tooth is protected with matrix band
• Access is gained through nearest pit depending upon
the side
• Small round bur is used to make access, directing the
bur at 45 degree towards the proximal surface
• Once the lesion is approached, the access can be
slightly widened using tapering fissure bur.
• Carious lesion is excavated thoroughly by moving the
bur in occlusal and gingival direction.
• Then filling is done.
27.
28. Advantage
• Preservation of tooth structure
• Maintenance of marginal ridge
• Negligible effect on gingival tissue
• Cost effective
• Aesthetic preparation
• Risk of overhang is minimal.
29. Disadvantages
• Limited accessbility
• Risk of incomplete removal of caries
• Risk of pulp involvement
• Marginal adaptibility of restoration is poor
• Difficulty in insertion and finishing of the
restorative material
• Marginal ridge being undermined, may break.
30. Minibox or slot preparation
• This involves the removal of the marginal
ridge, but do not include the occlusal pit and
fissures if caries removal is not necessary.
• These cavities have either box or saucer shape
and may be restored with resin based
composite or amlagam.
31.
32. Air Abrasion
• It is non rotary method of cutting hard tissues.
The technique uses pseudo mechanical kinetic
energy from a stream of abrasive particle thrown
at tooth surface at a certain velocity.
• Commonly used abrasive particles are aluminium
oxides with size 25-30 micron meter.
• The abrasive particles strike the tooth with high
velocity and remove small amounts of tooth
structure.
33.
34. Efficiency of removal is relative to the hardness
of the tissue or material being removed and the
operating parameters of the air abrasion device.
A number of parameters such as
the amount of air pressure
particle size
quantity of particles passing through the nozzle
nozzle diameter of the handpiece
angulation of nozzle of the handpiece
distance from object, and time of exposure to
the object vary the quantity of tooth removal
and depth of penetration.
35. • Air abrasion used to remove & restore pit & fissure caries using 27 micron-sized
powder particles. 1) Fissure caries seen on occlusal surface of mandibular 2nd
molar. 2)Tip of air abrasion device placed on molar. 3) Removal of caries with
minimal cavity preparation width. 4) Cavity restored with preventive resin
restoration.
36. Uses
• As an adjunct to acid etching
• As a repair modality- fractured porecelain and
composite restoration
• As a preventive measure: application of pit and
fissure sealants
• Detecting early carious lesion- air polishing using
sodium bicarbonate powder is utilized to remove
the surface stains. The tooth then can be dried
and examined for any opacity on the surface of
the enamel.
37. Chemomechanical Preparation
• Chemomechanical caries removal system involves
the chemical softening of carious dentine
followed by its removal by gentle excavation
using specialized hand instruments.
• Routinely used chemical is CARISOLV.
• The material is available in 2 tubes.
• One tube contains amino acids leucine, lysine,
glutamic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose and
sodium hyrdoxide.
• The other tube contains sodium hypochlorite.
38. • Active gel is formed by mixing two equal parts
of these two components.
• Once the gel is mixed, the amino acids bind
chlorine form chloramine at high ph.
• Then this cholramine binds to different areas
of protein in carious dentin. The porous
nature of the degraded dentin allows the gel
to penetrate and to break down.
39. 1
• Enamel lesion can be removed using bur
• Agent is applied to carious dentin
2
• After 30 sec., the caries is excavated using excavator
• The lesion is kept soaked with the gel
3
• Excavation is continued till the gel no longer turns cloudy
• Remaining part is checked for any left out debris. After caries
removal, surface has frosted appearance.
41. Laser cavity preparation
• The Er: YAG and Nd: YAG laser haven been used
to cut dentinal tissues, whereas carbon dioxide
lasers facilitate sealing of fissure.
• Laser treatment reduces the number of carious
bacteria and also volatizes the water in the caries.
• Laser can allow the dentin to remove caries
selectively by maintaining healthy enamel and
dentin.
• Preparation are similar to those made with air
abrasion.
42. Advantages
• Safe and efficient treatment modality for
caries removal
• No need for anesthesia, thus avoiding any
numbness
• No vibration, little noise
• No smell
Disadvantages: cost factor, need to learn the
technique.
43. Restorative materials-
1. Glass Ionomer Cements: the advantages of GICs
include adhesion to tooth structure and release of
fluoride and other ions. They perform well in low
stress areas. Set GIC is rechargeable, meaning it can
take up fluoride from the environment, which is
provided by exposure to fluoride varnishes and
fluoride containing tooth pastes. Disadvantage
include technique sensitivity and their opaque nature.
The handling properties and bitterness of the material
can be overcome by adding resin to the material
resulting in resin modified GIC, which are easier to
place, are light cured and have improved esthetics.
44. 2. COMPOSITE RESIN: It is widely used in the
restorative process
3. Bonded silver amalgam: It was introduced with
an idea to improve the bonding of the amalgam
to the cavity wall.
The thickness of the silver amalgam required for
resistance form also makes the use of bonded
silver amalgam controversial in MID.
Adv.- can be used in short clinical crowns, marginal
leakage is checked, the sealed and bonded
restoration prevents further progress of caries.
Disadv.- increased cost and time, might not be
feasible in minimum cavity preparation.
45. • MID approach includes the following
concepts:
» Early diagnosis of caries
» Assessment of individual caries risk
» Radiographic assessment of caries depth and progress
» Decreasing the risk of further demineralization and
arresting existing lesion’
» Remineralization of existing lesion
» Restoring cavitated lesions using minimal tooth
preparation
» Repair rather than replacement of defective
restorations.
46. Repair rather than replacement of
defective restorations
• It is established that with every replacement, the loss of
tooth structure increases. This loss is much more in case of
composites and other tooth coloured restorations. The
repeated restoration replacement lead to need of more
complex and costly treatment, may be indirect restorations.
• The repair process is being accepted in the profession with
the evolution of composite and bonding agents.
• Cavity preparation should ensure independent retention
and resistance form for the repair.
• The decision to repair rather than replacement depends on
the patient risk of developing caries and individual clinical
judgement.
47. • The composite has shown promises in the re-
attachment of the fractures anterior teeth.
• Repair with GIC may be preferable in cervical
areas, because of the potential for fluoride
release and GIC’s excellent adhesion,