Copper cyanide is a white to cream colored powder that is insoluble in water and reacts violently with magnesium. It is poisonous and can cause a number of health effects through ingestion, inhalation, eye and skin contact. First aid measures include flushing eyes and skin with water and seeking immediate medical attention for ingestion or inhalation. It is used in electroplating, mining and other industries but has also caused several accidents through mine collapses releasing cyanide or illegal cyanide trails poisoning the environment. Material safety data sheets are important for logisticians handling hazardous chemicals to safely transport, store and handle them while avoiding exposure.

1. Group 2 Group Members : Lynette Lim Sze Hwa Lim Pei Rong Khoo LiLeen Lin Huang

2. Contents.. Introduction Hazards involved First Aid Measures needed Fire & Explosion Data Uses or Applications in the Industries Incidences of Major or Minor Pollution/Accidents caused

3. Introduction Copper Cyanide: It is a white to cream colored or sometimes greenish powdery solid that is insoluble in water. Its chemical formula is CuCN. It is a poison that reacts violently with magnesium. Physical and chemical Properties Physical State: Power Colour : Beige to yellow green Solubility in water: Insoluble in water Specific gravity/density: 2.92 Molecular formula: CCuN Molecular weight: 89.5527

4. Hazards involved! Fire hazard Special hazards of combustion products. E.g. Toxic hydrogen cyanide may form in fires Potential Health Effects Eye: May cause eye irritation – inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering and itching

5. Ingestion: - May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. - Also causes tissue anoxia, characterized by weakness, headache, dizziness, confusion, weak and irregular heart beat Skin: - May cause skin irritation, be absorbed through the skin in harmful amounts. - If absorbed, causes symptoms similar to those of ingestion. - Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering

6. Inhalation : Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized by nausea, headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. May cause cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin due to deficient oxygenation of the blood). May cause respiratory irritation. Exposure may cause blood abnormalities.

7. Potential Chronic Health Effects : Extremely hazardous in the case of ingestion, of inhalation. Very hazardous in case of skin contact ,of eye contact, which caused irritation. The substance is toxic to blood, kidneys, lungs, the nervous system, liver, mucous membranes. Repeated exposure may cause central nervous system damage.

8. Chronic exposure to cyanide solutions may lead to the development of a "cyanide" rash, characterized by itching, and by macular, papular, and vesicular eruptions, and may be accompanied by secondary infections. Chronic exposure may produce loss of appetite, headache, weakness, nausea, dizziness, and upper respiratory tract irritation

9. First Aid Measures needed Eyes : Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Skin : Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.

10. Serious Skin contact : Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention. Ingestion : Do not induce vomiting. Get medical aid immediately. Do not give anything by mouth. First Aid Measures needed

11. Inhalation : Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. Do NOT use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep warm and at rest. Administer oxygen. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask. SPEED IS ESSENTIAL, OBTAIN MEDICAL AID IMMEDIATELY.

12. Fire & Explosion Data FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS : Due to the presence of cyanide compounds, this solution presents a significant health hazard to fire-fighters. When involved in a fire, this material may decompose and produce irritating fumes and toxic gases (i.e. oxides of carbon, nitrogen and potassium, as wells as cyanide and copper compounds). Flammability of the product : May be combustible at high temperature.

13. Products of combustion : Some metallic oxides Fire hazards in presence of substances : slightly flammable to flammable in presence of oxidizing materials. Fire fighting media and instructions : Small fire : use dry chemical powder Large fire : use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet. Fire & Explosion Data

14. Uses of Copper Cyanide in the industries Copper Cyanide was used as a catalyst in polymerizations, in electroplating of copper and iron, and as insecticide, fungicide, and biocide in marine paints.

15. Applications of Copper Cyanide in the industries Copper Plating A cyanide copper solution can be used in either rack or barrel plating For instance, Nihon Kagaku Sangyo Co., Ltd. engages in the production and sale of industrial chemicals and building materials in Japan. Copper cyanide are used in the plating industry.

16. Mining Copper Cyanide are widely used by the mining industry to assist in the extraction of both precious and non-precious metals from rock. For instance, in gold mining, a dilute copper cyanide solution is sprayed on crushed ore that is placed in piles, commonly called heaps, or mixed with ore in enclosed vats. .

17. Other industrial applications Electroplating Metal Processing Steel hardening Photographic applications Synthetic rubber production

18. Some pictures

19. Statistics of the world using Copper Cyanide About 90% ( i.e. 18% of total production) is used in mining around the world, mostly for gold recovery.

20. Usage of copper cyanide in US

21. Continued.. The United States uses an estimated 1.838 billion pounds of cyanide (2004) annually for various industries including gold and silver mining, electroplating, production of plastics, synthetic fibers, pigments and dyes, and pesticides. Cyanide is primarily used as an intermediary in the production of other materials

22. Accidents on copper cyanide Article 1: The Daily post, New Zealand (11/1/07) POISON SCARE: illegal trail of deadly cyanide closes reserve The daily post in New Zealand reports that locals were shocked to find a deadly 900m trail of cyanide laid out on a popular Tikitapu Scenic Reserve track near Lake Okareka. The cyanide was in the form of a blue-green paste and laid out like bait about 35m apart over 900 meters of track. Cyanide is extremely dangerous, and the area has been closed down so as to avoid harming humans or animals.

23. Article 2: Reuters (9/28/07) Nine die as China house collapses in cyanide A house built on top of an abandoned pool of cyanide collapsed in a gold- mining area of central china, killing nine people and sending seven others to the hospital. The floor of the house, made of a single wooden board over the pond, gave way and 16 people fell into a 2 meter deep chemical pool that was used to extract gold from ore.

24. Article 3: All Africa (08/26/2007) Mining company expresses regret for cyanide spillage This article reports that the Bogoso Gold Limited mining company (Dumasi Village. Africa) has issued a press release announcing that one of the mine’s tailing delivery pipes developed a leak, releasing about 25 to 40 drums of mill tailings- which contain cyanide – into the environment on June 16,2006.

25. Article 4: BIA (8/21/07) Cyanide gold mine closed This articles reports that Canadian Eldorado Gold-Tuprag company has been prevented from further extracting gold with cyanide by the governor’s office of Usak province, in western Turkey. 2 weeks before the opening of the mine in July 2006, 1800 people in Esme had been poisoned by hydrogen cyanide coming from the mine. The mine was opened by Hilmi Guler, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources.

26. Article 5: Associated Press(5/25/07) Brother, sister of cyanide murder suspect indicted in fraud probe It reports that the brother and sister of a doctor suspected of killing his wife with cyanide in 2005 were indicted on charges of stealing more than $2 million from the accounts of their brother and dead sister- in- law. The article notes that their brother, Dr Yazeed Essa, is fighting extradition Cyprus. He disappeared after he was indicted on aggravated murder charges in Cleveland in the 2005 death of his 38 year old wife.

27. MSDS A form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance. to provide workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling or working with that substance in a safe manner

28. includes information such as physical data. MSDS are used for cataloguing information on chemical logistics. As logisticians, we would find the MSDS useful on many aspects in our jobs in the future. MSDS

29. How will a Logistician find the MSDS useful in the job? Copper cyanide is a poison that reacts violently with magnesium. When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes containing hydrogen cyanide, but it is not flammable itself.

30. For example, some warehouses store chemicals and pack them into containers or bags. Warehouse assistants who handle or pack chemicals or deliverymen who transport may be exposed to the chemicals. It is therefore important that employees who work with chemicals are aware of the hazards, trained in handling the chemicals and follow safe work practices to avoid chemical exposure.

31. As logisticians, it is necessary for us to follow the safe work practices for handling hazardous chemicals. For safety concern, we must ensure that every stored chemical has a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The classification of chemicals, labeling of chemical containers and format of MSDS should follow the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals.

32. Furthermore, while dealing with chemical spills, we logisticians must follow appropriate decontamination procedures when handling toxic chemical spills, referring to the MSDS for specific recommendations.

33. References http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/ms/cmy/content/1997/25.pdf http://www.metts.com.au/cyanide-management-tropics.html

34. GROUP REVIEW

35. Methyl Iscoyanate is volatile and colourless liquid. It is flammable and it can cause cancer. It burns at the temperature below 39 degree. Water is not able to put out the fire. Thus poisonous gas are produce in the fire. Safety first aid measure are needed. Application of Methyl Iscoyanate would be pesticides, plastics and polyurethane foam. The Bhopal disaster is an example of how industrial tragedy have affected people and environment. The company have actually exceed the safety limit and ignored the safety regulation. Thousands of people were affected in this disasters.

36. Comments on group 3 Group 3 has done a very good job in introducing and indentifying Methyl Isocyanate. The ppt slides all have a clear image about this hazardous chemical, including its applications, causes, and how MSDS works in logisticians’ job. Their slides also include various photos to illustrate, so that we can easily understand the properties and many causes of Methyl Isocyanate.