The document provides information about methyl isocyanate, including its physical and chemical properties, health and environmental hazards, fire data, applications, and details about the Bhopal disaster. It occurred at a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India in 1984 when a tank containing 42 tons of methyl isocyanate reacted with water, releasing toxic gas that killed thousands. Causes included technological failures, poor safety systems, and lax legal restrictions that allowed the plant in a densely populated area.

1. Methyl Isocyanate Group 3 Ng Geok Ting Nian Yue Anh Syahmi

2. Methyl Isocyanate is a volatile, colourless liquid with a strong, sharp odor that causes tears. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES : Boiling point: 39°C Melting point: -80°C Relative density (water = 1): 0.96 Solubility in water, g/100 ml at 20°C: reaction Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 54 Identification

3. Relative vapour density (air = 1): 2 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20°C (air = 1): 1.44

4. Health Fire Environmental Hazards of methyl isocyanate

5. Health Hazards Acute effects Chronic effects Reproductive and developmental effects Cancer risks

6. Fire hazards Flammable liquid Cannot use water to put out the fire Poisonous gas produce in the fire Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back Vapor heavier than air and may travel a distance to cause a fire or explosion.

7. Environmental hazard Bacterial contamination of drinking water Air pollution Contamination of food

8. Fire data of methyl isocyanate At temperatures below 39ºC (102ºF) Very flammable colorless liquid that readily evaporates when exposed to air. Gaseous methyl isocyanate is slightly heavier than air. Release Hydrogen cyanide

9. Explosive Data of Methyl Isocyanate Very explosive – vol% in air: 5.3-26 Flash point: -7°C c.c. Auto-ignition temperature: 535°C Reacts violently with fire extinguishing agents such as water and hydrated agents

10. First Aid Measures Fire : Alcohol-resistant foam, dry sand, powder, carbon dioxide. NO hydrous agents. Explosion : In case of fire: cool drums, by spraying with water but avoid contact of the substance with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position. Inhalation : Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. And give artificial respiration.

11. Skin : Remove polluted clothes. Wash skin with water or shower. Eye : First rinse with water for several minutes, then go to see a doctor. Ingestion : Wash mouth. Do not induce vomiting, then drink plenty of water.

12. Application of Methyl Isocyanate Pesticides polyurethane foam plastics

13. Building Industry • Sandwich panels • Pre-insulated pipes • Moulded or cut 1/2 pipe sectionals • Spray foam • Rigid slabs • Supports for manufacture of lightweight concrete and pre-fabricated walls / slabs Thermal Insulation For Food Industry • Refrigerated show cases • Domestic and commercial refrigerators & deep freeze chests • Insulation of fishing vessel hull & storage areas • Ice boxes for commercial and domestic purposes • Refrigerated containers • Refrigerated trucks / transport

14. Thermal Insulation For Hot / Cold Purposes • Hot water heater tanks • Insulated drink and food containers • Temperature controlled rooms / vessels • Pipelines / valves Buoyancy & Void Filling • Buoys • Pontoons • Filling of voids to prevent pests and vermin Other Applications • Air filter rims

15. Incident- Bhopal Disaster The worst industrial tradegy How was it happened? Occurred from Union Carbide India plant, Bhopal, India on midnight 2 nd -3 rd of Dec, 1984 42 tons of MIC- a super poisonous chemical- was contained in only one tank (tank 610) Water cleaning of pipes entered into the MIC tank 610 caused a violently huge reaction.

16. More than 3800 people died immediately and quietly in the early morning the incident took place, others victim had injuries 8,000 victims died within 2 weeks, 15000 died in the first month Up to now, more than 520,000 people have been affected by the disaster Damage estimated:

18. Causes: Technological errors: amount of MIC contained in the tank was far exceeded the allowed safety limit; many valves and lines were in poor condition; safety system was inadequate and safety regulations were ignored … Organizational and operational errors: they use MIC instead of a less toxic ( but more expensive ) material; poor education of operators and shortage of supervisors, workers; Legal errors: the chemical plant was allowed to locate in the heart of a densely populated area.

20. How do you as a Logistician would find the MSDS useful in your job in the future ? Provide Instructions For: potential hazard prevention first aid emergency response safe storage physical property environmental risk associated with a particular material. properly label substances and hazard symbols

21. The End Reference : http://www.apu.com.sg/en/rigidform.aspx http://www.intox.org/databank/documents/chemical/methylis/eics0004.htm http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/ME/methyl_isocyanate.html http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1270.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhopal_disaster#cite_note-Eckerman2001-0 http://www.netphotograph.com/article.php?id=6

22. http://www.grazian-archive.com/governing/bhopal/Bhopal_C6.html http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Pollution/bhopal.htm http://www.green-web.org/zt/bhopal/pix.html http://www.mcphate.com/clips/bhopal.htm

23. Review of Group 4 Carbon Tetrachloride

24. is a manufactured chemical that does not occur naturally. It is a clear liquid with a sweet aroma and often found in air as a colourless gas. Not flammable and does not dissolve in water easily. Expose : breathing and drinking of contaminated air near manufacturing plants or waste sites happens to consume contaminated soils vegetation.

25. Uses : production of refrigerator fluid, pesticide, degreasing agent and composition of fire extinguishers Storage : store in cool, dry location away from all heavily trafficked areas and emergency exits. Real life Accident : In USA, due to the fire caused by the protest and other “lack of attention” releases (waste storage area prone to air borne), the Rocky Flats is contaminated with plutonium and carbon tetrachloride

26. Our Comments Its provides a lot of information about the Carbon Tetrachloride Better understanding the danger of the chemical and ways of handling it. Did not provide statistics about the usage of chemical and how MSDS help the logistician job Overall, the finding are interesting with pictures and let us know more about carbon tetrachloride