This is my personal philosophy presentation in relation to counselling and counselling studies for the NCFE Level 4 Diploma in Counselling. It maps my personal journey studying the integrative approach to counselling with doodles, metaphors and my own personal waffling.
Mindfulness. It’s a pretty straightforward word. It suggests that the mind
is fully attending to what’s happening, to what you’re doing, to the space you’re
moving through. That might seem trivial, except for the annoying fact that we
so often veer from the matter at hand. Our mind takes flight, we lose touch with
our body, and pretty soon we’re engrossed in obsessive thoughts about something that just happened or fretting about the future. And that makes us anxious.
31 flavors of mindfulness give you ways to practice mindfulness for a happy life in every aspect of life. Mindfulness is one of the most powerful tools for happiness, but the way to practice mindfulness remains confused or shrouded for many. This simple and fun presentation takes the mystery out of mindfulness. It is part of a suite of tools for happiness @happycounts.org
This is my personal philosophy presentation in relation to counselling and counselling studies for the NCFE Level 4 Diploma in Counselling. It maps my personal journey studying the integrative approach to counselling with doodles, metaphors and my own personal waffling.
Mindfulness. It’s a pretty straightforward word. It suggests that the mind
is fully attending to what’s happening, to what you’re doing, to the space you’re
moving through. That might seem trivial, except for the annoying fact that we
so often veer from the matter at hand. Our mind takes flight, we lose touch with
our body, and pretty soon we’re engrossed in obsessive thoughts about something that just happened or fretting about the future. And that makes us anxious.
31 flavors of mindfulness give you ways to practice mindfulness for a happy life in every aspect of life. Mindfulness is one of the most powerful tools for happiness, but the way to practice mindfulness remains confused or shrouded for many. This simple and fun presentation takes the mystery out of mindfulness. It is part of a suite of tools for happiness @happycounts.org
Gratitude is one of the sure ways to increase your feelings of happiness. But gratitude practices are not one size fits all. Finally a way to identify a gratitude practice that fits your personality type - based on the Meyer-Briggs personality types.
Mindfulness Workshop – A Grassroots Approach to Improving Self/Tech BalanceShihui Kong
This workshop is an experiment born out of my MA thesis at Hyper Island. Most of the exercises in the workshop contain experimental frameworks, created out of my synthesis of online research. I would love to receive any feedback that can help refine the workshop further. :)
Inspiration & Credits:
Atomic Habits by James Clear
Cactus app
Tiny Spells newsletter
A conversation with Samantha
Hyper Island Toolkit
An introduction to mindfulness meditation practices as understood and practiced by a clinical psychologist with experience in the Zen tradition. Superb photographs are primarily by a friend, Dr. Dean Ducas.
How to Create Meaning in Your Work and Life by Anne Pryor MAANNE PRYOR, MA
Anne Pryor shares her personal development journey and practical tips and resources that may help others on How to Create Meaning in Your Work and Life.
How to Create Meaning in Life and Work by Anne Pryor for the Shift NetworkANNE PRYOR, MA
How to create meaning in life and work practical insights and resources on the spiritual journey by Anne Pryor, MA. Article prepared for the Shift Network participants of "Accessing Spiritual Messages for Creativity, Healing, and Transformation."
Managing situations There is a deep thirst for progress and an inclination towards perfection within all of us. But somehow we are not able to bring that theory into practice and we are left stranded, at a loss looking for an anchor, a support, a direction which will help us take a step forward. During such challenging times, when life appears suffocating and difficult we don’t open up to others, not sure whether they will genuinely understand, help or mock at us. At times like these we feel a dire need for some guidance, direction which can channelise our thoughts to positivity and inspire us to become a master of the situation. This is for those people who want to make their own self progress and thereby better fulfill their purpose of life. Prajapita Brahma kumaris Ishwaria vishwa vidyalaya is an international Spiritual Organization dedicated to the service of humanity. It imparts spiritual knowledge and raja yoga meditation. With headquarters in mount Abu, this organization has more than 6000 branches spread over 82 countries. It is affiliated to the UN as an NGO and also has consultative status with the UNICEF and UN’s Social and Economic Council. The author of this presentation is follower of Brahmakumaris. Should you have any queries or even questions you can feel free to contact him at vihumanrelations@gmail.com To know more about the organization please visit Website : www.bramhakumaris.com
An introduction to the masterclass series for 'You Are Not Your Brain'. The four step solution to changing bad habits, ending unhealthy thinking and taking control of your life.
Register your interest in attending the masterclass (live or on demand) here: http://josiethomson.com/brain
Dr Jeffrey Schwartz and Master Coach Josephine Thomson will introduce you to the neuroscience of mindfulness and show it's sometimes surprising applications in the workplace.
Pat Moran was born in Alexandria, Virginia and grew up St. Mary’s County, Maryland. Pat attended Yale University, from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science. At Yale, Pat was intent on developing his body and exploring his mind. He was a starter, and three-year Letterman on the football team. At the end of his final season, Pat was awarded Defensive Lineman of the Year. Pat was inducted into the National Football Hampshire Honor Foundation. Outside of sports, Pat was Philanthropy Chair for his fraternity, active in the American Cancer Society, and a founding member of Yale’s Ducks Unlimited chapter. In this visual slideshow, Pat presents 4 ways to engage in mindful behavior & explains how mindfulness can positively change your life.
It's day 26 of my 31 days of Fearlessness Campaign. Find out how to have fearless mindfulness in your every day encounters including with yourself. You want to make sure you think before you speak, before you act and you are mindful of how you come off to other people and how you treat them. So find out how to do that fearlessly.
Having Compassion is known to be one of the ways to increase your happiness. Let's define compassion as taking action when you see others or yourself hurting. Mindfulness practice is the fast track to expanding compassion. There are tons of mindfulness practices, but no one size fits all practice. Choose a mindfulness practice based on your personality
Meditation is a practice of mindfulness and concentration that can allow you to gain important insights about yourself and the world around you. For those looking to better understand themselves and experience self-discovery, meditation can help you calm your mind and better evaluate your life. However, meditation alone will not grant you personal insights. By regularly meditating and living a more thoughtful life, you may be able to better understand who you are and what you are capable of.
Mindful Awareness Reflection Journal
1. Acknowledge
Describe your experience
2. Intentional Attention
Describe what you noticed
BREATH:
BODY:
EMOTIONS:
THOUGHTS:
3. Accept Without Judgment
Describe judgment; acceptance
4. Action Toward Change
Intention/willingness; new perspective
5. Mindful Meditation Experience (Mindful Practice)
What did you notice about your meditation experience this week?
EXAMPLE:
Here is an example of a MARJfrom a painting class.......remember, this can be about anything..... The whole purpose of this assignment is to start getting in the frame of mind that when you encounter a stressor in life, you automatically default to this mindful model to help become responsive vs. reactive. Therefore, this is done weekly with that goal in mind......the chapters that you read can be an inspiration for your journal but honestly, you can apply your weekly journal to ANY mindful experience you choose to participate in, it doesn't have to be directly linked to the chapter ......examples of what you may journal about: breathing, eating, cooking, walking, exercising, gardening, journaling, painting etc......
Mindful Awareness Reflection Journal
1. Acknowledge
Describe your experience
I am sitting before a blank canvas with a palette of paint colors directly in front of me and a large and small paint brush to my right. I am surrounded by both friends and strangers - this is a painting class where you can drink wine and socialize while you paint. There is a stage in front of me with the instructor and her blank canvas (a camera magnifies it to a larger screen so that all of the patrons can see) and a picture of what we will be painting is located above her canvas (an impressionist painting of a park in Paris at night)
2. Intentional Attention
Describe what you noticed
BREATH: My breath is rapid because I am both excited and talking to all of my friends.....as well as nervous....I am NOT artistic!
BODY: I am sitting on a stool with my legs hooked around the legs of the chair. My body is relaxed, I am sitting up straight and my arms are resting on the counter in front of me. The instructor is in front of me so my neck feels comfortable, not twisted or at an awkward angle
EMOTIONS: I am very happy to be with friends but also excited and nervous, I have never done this before so I am definitely stepping outside my comfort zone
THOUGHTS: One of my good friends right next to me is a graphic artist so I'm feeling at a distinct disadvantage in the art department, I am also with people I don't know so I am thinking about what they might think of my work
3. Accept Without Judgment
Describe judgment; acceptance
As we progress through the painting (this is a 3 hour class) I at first am looking at my friend's painting (the graphic artist - it's really good) and the woman next to me trying not to compare. I start to judge my initial lines on the canvas (they look pretty subpar compared to ...
Gratitude is one of the sure ways to increase your feelings of happiness. But gratitude practices are not one size fits all. Finally a way to identify a gratitude practice that fits your personality type - based on the Meyer-Briggs personality types.
Mindfulness Workshop – A Grassroots Approach to Improving Self/Tech BalanceShihui Kong
This workshop is an experiment born out of my MA thesis at Hyper Island. Most of the exercises in the workshop contain experimental frameworks, created out of my synthesis of online research. I would love to receive any feedback that can help refine the workshop further. :)
Inspiration & Credits:
Atomic Habits by James Clear
Cactus app
Tiny Spells newsletter
A conversation with Samantha
Hyper Island Toolkit
An introduction to mindfulness meditation practices as understood and practiced by a clinical psychologist with experience in the Zen tradition. Superb photographs are primarily by a friend, Dr. Dean Ducas.
How to Create Meaning in Your Work and Life by Anne Pryor MAANNE PRYOR, MA
Anne Pryor shares her personal development journey and practical tips and resources that may help others on How to Create Meaning in Your Work and Life.
How to Create Meaning in Life and Work by Anne Pryor for the Shift NetworkANNE PRYOR, MA
How to create meaning in life and work practical insights and resources on the spiritual journey by Anne Pryor, MA. Article prepared for the Shift Network participants of "Accessing Spiritual Messages for Creativity, Healing, and Transformation."
Managing situations There is a deep thirst for progress and an inclination towards perfection within all of us. But somehow we are not able to bring that theory into practice and we are left stranded, at a loss looking for an anchor, a support, a direction which will help us take a step forward. During such challenging times, when life appears suffocating and difficult we don’t open up to others, not sure whether they will genuinely understand, help or mock at us. At times like these we feel a dire need for some guidance, direction which can channelise our thoughts to positivity and inspire us to become a master of the situation. This is for those people who want to make their own self progress and thereby better fulfill their purpose of life. Prajapita Brahma kumaris Ishwaria vishwa vidyalaya is an international Spiritual Organization dedicated to the service of humanity. It imparts spiritual knowledge and raja yoga meditation. With headquarters in mount Abu, this organization has more than 6000 branches spread over 82 countries. It is affiliated to the UN as an NGO and also has consultative status with the UNICEF and UN’s Social and Economic Council. The author of this presentation is follower of Brahmakumaris. Should you have any queries or even questions you can feel free to contact him at vihumanrelations@gmail.com To know more about the organization please visit Website : www.bramhakumaris.com
An introduction to the masterclass series for 'You Are Not Your Brain'. The four step solution to changing bad habits, ending unhealthy thinking and taking control of your life.
Register your interest in attending the masterclass (live or on demand) here: http://josiethomson.com/brain
Dr Jeffrey Schwartz and Master Coach Josephine Thomson will introduce you to the neuroscience of mindfulness and show it's sometimes surprising applications in the workplace.
Pat Moran was born in Alexandria, Virginia and grew up St. Mary’s County, Maryland. Pat attended Yale University, from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science. At Yale, Pat was intent on developing his body and exploring his mind. He was a starter, and three-year Letterman on the football team. At the end of his final season, Pat was awarded Defensive Lineman of the Year. Pat was inducted into the National Football Hampshire Honor Foundation. Outside of sports, Pat was Philanthropy Chair for his fraternity, active in the American Cancer Society, and a founding member of Yale’s Ducks Unlimited chapter. In this visual slideshow, Pat presents 4 ways to engage in mindful behavior & explains how mindfulness can positively change your life.
It's day 26 of my 31 days of Fearlessness Campaign. Find out how to have fearless mindfulness in your every day encounters including with yourself. You want to make sure you think before you speak, before you act and you are mindful of how you come off to other people and how you treat them. So find out how to do that fearlessly.
Having Compassion is known to be one of the ways to increase your happiness. Let's define compassion as taking action when you see others or yourself hurting. Mindfulness practice is the fast track to expanding compassion. There are tons of mindfulness practices, but no one size fits all practice. Choose a mindfulness practice based on your personality
Meditation is a practice of mindfulness and concentration that can allow you to gain important insights about yourself and the world around you. For those looking to better understand themselves and experience self-discovery, meditation can help you calm your mind and better evaluate your life. However, meditation alone will not grant you personal insights. By regularly meditating and living a more thoughtful life, you may be able to better understand who you are and what you are capable of.
Mindful Awareness Reflection Journal
1. Acknowledge
Describe your experience
2. Intentional Attention
Describe what you noticed
BREATH:
BODY:
EMOTIONS:
THOUGHTS:
3. Accept Without Judgment
Describe judgment; acceptance
4. Action Toward Change
Intention/willingness; new perspective
5. Mindful Meditation Experience (Mindful Practice)
What did you notice about your meditation experience this week?
EXAMPLE:
Here is an example of a MARJfrom a painting class.......remember, this can be about anything..... The whole purpose of this assignment is to start getting in the frame of mind that when you encounter a stressor in life, you automatically default to this mindful model to help become responsive vs. reactive. Therefore, this is done weekly with that goal in mind......the chapters that you read can be an inspiration for your journal but honestly, you can apply your weekly journal to ANY mindful experience you choose to participate in, it doesn't have to be directly linked to the chapter ......examples of what you may journal about: breathing, eating, cooking, walking, exercising, gardening, journaling, painting etc......
Mindful Awareness Reflection Journal
1. Acknowledge
Describe your experience
I am sitting before a blank canvas with a palette of paint colors directly in front of me and a large and small paint brush to my right. I am surrounded by both friends and strangers - this is a painting class where you can drink wine and socialize while you paint. There is a stage in front of me with the instructor and her blank canvas (a camera magnifies it to a larger screen so that all of the patrons can see) and a picture of what we will be painting is located above her canvas (an impressionist painting of a park in Paris at night)
2. Intentional Attention
Describe what you noticed
BREATH: My breath is rapid because I am both excited and talking to all of my friends.....as well as nervous....I am NOT artistic!
BODY: I am sitting on a stool with my legs hooked around the legs of the chair. My body is relaxed, I am sitting up straight and my arms are resting on the counter in front of me. The instructor is in front of me so my neck feels comfortable, not twisted or at an awkward angle
EMOTIONS: I am very happy to be with friends but also excited and nervous, I have never done this before so I am definitely stepping outside my comfort zone
THOUGHTS: One of my good friends right next to me is a graphic artist so I'm feeling at a distinct disadvantage in the art department, I am also with people I don't know so I am thinking about what they might think of my work
3. Accept Without Judgment
Describe judgment; acceptance
As we progress through the painting (this is a 3 hour class) I at first am looking at my friend's painting (the graphic artist - it's really good) and the woman next to me trying not to compare. I start to judge my initial lines on the canvas (they look pretty subpar compared to ...
How to move on after your break up- The right way! Gaurav Tiwari
Reverend Gaurav Tiwari's short write-up on How to move on after a toxic relationship break up and rejuvenate yourself the right way. Please Share if it helped you.
Loneliness is not an abstract condition that affects only certain kinds of people. The truth is that feelings of loneliness can affect anyone—young, old, and in-between—and at any point in life.
7 Ways Anxiety Might Be Slowly Eating Away Your Life.pdfHossamFathy23
It Is Natural to Feel Anxious
There’s a good chance that we’ve all experienced feelings of
anxiety in response to real or perceived threats at one time or
another. For most people, these feelings are normal as the brain
is hard-wired to caution you at times of danger, change and the
unknown.
In fact, in many situations, experiencing a certain level of anxiety
and stress can help boost your performance in specific tasks. For
instance, a person might experience a heightened level of anxiety
the days leading up to a public event and that’s a completely
normal reaction.
Psychologists believe that anxiety is your body’s natural response
to stress and that this stress triggers a system in the brain that
accentuates your performance. So, a little anxiety now and then
is okay and might be your body’s way of preparing for an
impending change
7 Ways Anxiety Might Be Slowly Eating Away Your Life.pdfPaulloPrime
There’s a good chance that we’ve all experienced feelings of anxiety in response to real or perceived threats at one time or another. For most people, these feelings are normal as the brain
is hard-wired to caution you at times of danger, change and the unknown.
In fact, in many situations, experiencing a certain level of anxiety and stress can help boost your performance in specific tasks. For instance, a person might experience a heightened level of anxiety
the days leading up to a public event and that’s a completely normal reaction.
Psychologists believe that anxiety is your body’s natural response
to stress and that this stress triggers a system in the brain that accentuates your performance. So, a little anxiety now and then is okay and might be your body’s way of preparing for an
impending change.
That Said, Not Every Anxious Feeling Is Normal
For some, these feelings can be all-consuming, impairing the
individual’s ability to enjoy life as they’d otherwise like to. For some, anxiety might treat their everyday events as life-or-death situations. It can become a disorder and that isn’t a good place to
be in. Fortunately, in most cases, there is always a way out. And one of the first steps to finding that way out is to dive into your mind and listen to what it might be trying to tell you.
It’s About Accepting Your Anxiety, Embracing and Understanding It Too
There is no shame in being anxious. And we would prefer not to have put this obvious point across (because it’s obvious and should ideally not need any re-affirmation). But sadly, because
of how this feeling can be trivialized and/or stigmatized, it’s important to let all those who experience anxiety know that they are not alone and by accepting it they’ll also be overcoming it.
This book is an attempt to throw some light on the much relevant topic. We’ve kept it short and brief because we don’t want to overload you with information but want to ease you into the expansive subject one book at a time.
In this book, we talk about 7 ways anxiety might be slowly eating
away your lives. We discuss:
1. Overthinking and obsessive thoughts
2. Lack of self-assurance and fear of judgment
3. Phobias and traumas
4. Workplace anxiety
5. Social anxiety
6. Eating disorder
7. Insomnia
On that note, we warmly welcome you to our book titled, 7 Ways Anxiety Might Be Slowly Eating Away Your Life.’ We’ve had an enriching experience putting together this meaningful book and hope you feel benefited by it.
7 ways anxiety might be slowly eating away your lifeSolanki Abhishek
Obesity is not merely indulging into overeating and having a bulky body. It is more like a gateway to severe health diseases. Obese people should not be ridiculed; rather they should be taken care off. Obesity is calculated according to the body mass index (BMI) of a person’s body. Dividing the weight of a person in pounds by the square of his height in meters we get the BMI calculated. If an individual’s BMI is 30 or above then he falls under the category of an obese. Click here this link for more knowledge:https://8bb3dcw6ci-dsnc0a8-qydau4q.hop.clickbank.net/
7 Ways Anxiety Might Be Slowly Eating Away Your Life.pdfhealthfitness12
Experts define physical fitness as “one's ability to execute daily activities with optimal performance, endurance, and strength with the management of disease, fatigue, and stress and reduced sedentary behavior.” This description goes beyond being able to run
Self-Love sounds so simple and yet, how do we get there? How do we understand and overcome the negative habits that sabotage our potential and happiness? This presentation will provide you with gentle and practical insights and visualisations to set you on your way to finding self-love.
Today’s busy life constantly comes with packages of stress, anxiety, and apprehension; all of which are not invited to a healthy happy life. To cope, people search for therapies and guidance on how to limit or eradicate these things from daily schedules. However, the answer may be much simpler than that. If anything, it is to calm down and take everything slowly; the definition of Zen.
25 Personality Development Tips to enhance Your Attractiveness.pdfdiksha344533
We trust that reading this post has given you a better knowledge of how to become more attractive and how your personality affects this in key ways. The way we present ourselves, our self-assurance, and our capacity to make people feel at ease around us are frequently what makes us more attractive.
self-improvement
personal development
self-help
inspiration
growth
personality development
confidence
communication
open-mindedness
assertiveness
self-awareness
social skills
time management
stress management
empathy
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
1. Mindfulness for Clients, their Friends, and Family Members
Cindy Sanderson, Ph.D.
Introduction and Welcome
The description of mindfulness that follows is for anyone interested in the topic,
although it’s written mainly for those of you brand new to the concept. It’s drawn from
the work of Marsha Linehan, Ph.D., the psychologist who developed DBT. When you
read things in quotation marks, they are her words verbatim. Dr. Linehan is among
several prominent therapist-researchers who are integrating mindfulness skills with
other standard ways of doing therapy. They all are working to create new and more
effective ways to help people.
While Dr. Linehan’s ideas are what I’ll be discussing below, I want to acknowledge, as
she would, that she has drawn on the work of many other people and reads widely on
the research being conducted on mindfulness. She “practices what she preaches”,
meaning, she practices mindfulness, as do I and the majority of therapists who teach
DBT.
My way of teaching mindfulness is to write or talk a bit about it and then give plenty of
examples. I hope you’ll find this way of teaching helpful.
A Definition of Mindfulness
Mindfulness is “awareness without judgment of what is, via direct and immediate experience”.
You’re being mindful when :
• You eat dessert and notice every flavor you are tasting, instead of eating the dessert
while having a conversation and looking around the room to see who you know. If
you’re being mindful, you’re not thinking about “is it good or bad to have dessert?”
you’re just really having dessert.
• Having gotten free of your anxiety or self-consciousness, you dance to music and
experience every note, instead of wondering if you look graceful or foolish.
• Thinking about someone you love or someone you hate, you pay attention to exactly
what your love or your hate feels like. You’re not caught up in justifying the love or hate
to yourself; you’re just diving into the experience, with full awareness that you’re diving
in.
• You walk through a park, you actually walk through the park. What does that mean? It
means you let yourself “show up” in the park. You walk through the park aware of your
feelings about the park, or your thoughts about the park, or how the park looks, or the
sensation of each foot striking the pavement. This is different than taking a walk in the
park and not “showing up” – instead, walking through the park while you are distracted
by thoughts of what you’ll have for lunch, or the feelings towards a friend with whom
you just argued, or worries about how you’re going to pay this month’s bills.
If you stop to think about it, you’ll realize that very few of us devote ourselves to living
mindfully, meeting each moment of life as it presents itself, with full awareness, letting our
judgments fall away. Instead, we do things automatically, without noticing what we’re doing.
We churn out judgments about ourselves and others. We regularly do two or three or five
things at once. We frequently get so caught up in our thoughts and feelings about the past or
future that we’re lost in them, disconnecting from what is happening right now in front of us.
2. There are lots of rewards for living this way--we can get a lot done quickly, think of ourselves
as efficient, and be seen by the world as productive and smart. In highly industrial or
technological societies, a high value is placed on doing a lot at once. In fact, people sometimes
make fun of each other by saying, “What’s wrong with you? Can’t you do two things at once?”
We also live without awareness because sometimes living with full awareness is very painful.
We avoid painful thoughts, feelings, and situations when we are afraid or angry or ashamed or
sad because we’re convinced that we can’t do anything to change them AND because we’re
convinced we can’t stand to live with them.
For instance, have you ever avoided bringing up a problem in a relationship with
someone because you’re afraid the person will get mad at you, attack you, or leave
you? You keep avoiding bringing up the problem because you feel so scared. So, you
get yourself off the fear “hook” temporarily by not talking it over. In the meantime,
you’re ashamed of yourself for not speaking up. You get more and more annoyed with
the other person. You try to ignore what he or she does that bothers you, but the
problem gets worse and worse. Finally you just give up, letting the relationship end.
Maybe the problem could have been solved; maybe not.
But there’s an important distinction to make between the unavoidable pain of having a
problem with a person you love versus the suffering you cause yourself by letting fear control
you, judging yourself for feeling afraid, assuming nothing you’d try would work instead of
trying out solutions, feeling guilty about feeling anger towards someone you love, or judging
the person for causing the problem.
There’s so many ways mindfulness could help with the above example, it’s hard to know
where to start. Because of limited time and space, I’ll only discuss a few.
1. You could use mindfulness skills and bring your full attention to the feelings of
annoyance, instead of pushing them away or trying to talk yourself out of them. Maybe
you’re afraid you can’t stand to feel annoyed, but actually, watching how you feel inside,
you realize, “hey, it’s just annoyance for 10 minutes and I CAN stand it”.
2. You could use mindfulness to become a great detective and notice exactly how and
when you feel annoyed. Maybe it’s when he or she has had three cups of coffee before
seeing you; maybe it’s when both of you are tired; and, maybe it’s when he or she’s had
a bad day at work. In this way, you use awareness to get specific and clear about what
contributes to the problem. The more specific you get about what goes into the problem,
the better chance you have to solve it. Ask her to drink less coffee or switch to
decaffeinated coffee; make plans to get together when you’re both rested; don’t meet
on bad work days.
3. You could use your mindfulness skills to watch how your mind generates thoughts like
“It shouldn’t be this way; why can’t we just get along! Real friends don’t have
problems’. Listening in on your thoughts, you realize that your expectations don’t fit
with reality, so you work on changing your expectations.
4. You could use mindfulness skills, as you talk through the problem with your friend, to
bring your full and open awareness to whether or not you experience your friend
listening to and understanding you or defending herself and criticizing you. If she’s
really listening and caring, you might notice relief inside and decide to keep working
with her on the problems in the friendship. On the other had, if you notice that she is
dismissive or non-responsive each time you talk about a problem, you might notice that
you are sad and disappointed but not willing to put more energy into a friendship that
makes you unhappy.
To summarize, mindfulness is awareness, without judgment, of life as it is, yourself as you
3. are, other people as they are, in the here and now, via direct and immediate experience.
When you are mindful, you are awake to life on its terms – fully alive to each moment as it
arrives, as it is, and as it ends. Of course, in order to build and maintain mindfulness requires
specific skills that are practiced over and over. That’s what comes next.
How and Why to Practice Mindfulness
Mindfulness is a skill that can be learned like any other. There is nothing mysterious about it.
It’s like learning to ride a bike or cook good meals or paint with watercolors or play a musical
instrument. You start with easy practice and progress to harder practice. You take classes in it
from people who know more about it than you do. You make friends with other people who are
interested in it so you have a built in support group to keep you going when you get
discouraged. Sometimes you’ll feel like you’re making a lot of progress; other times you’ll be
discouraged. But, it is certain that if you practice, practice, practice, your skill at mindfulness
will improve.
So what’s the practice? The practice of mindfulness is “the repetitive act of directing attention
to only one thing in this one moment”. And if you are brand new to mindfulness, you may
respond with either “I can already do that” or “Why on earth would I do that?’
My reply is :
a) it’s a lot harder than it sounds
b) the reason you do this kind of practice is to gain control of your attention.
I hope you’ll stop and think about the following sentence:
Whatever your attention is on, that’s what life is for you at any given moment.
EXAMPLE: Perhaps you’ve decided to take a break from working so you can make yourself
some tea; as you stand at the stove, your mind wanders off and ruminates about a
conversation you had yesterday. You don’t get a break because your mind isn’t on the tea;
your mind is worrying and carrying you away.
EXAMPLE: Perhaps you are sitting in a session with a therapist who cares about you and has
a kind expression on her face; but you’re not looking at her face…not really. Instead, you are
feeling so self-conscious and ashamed that you begin to “space out”. You miss out on a
moment of connection with a person who cares for you and instead have one more moment of
rejecting yourself.
“The repetitive act of directing your attention to only one thing in this one moment” means
training your mind to pay attention to what you choose to pay attention to instead of letting
your mind hijack you. There are lots of metaphors that describe what the untrained mind is
like and they provide a good contrast to the trained mind. Here are several:
• Your mind is a TV that’s always on but you can’t find the remote. The TV set gets 300
cable channels but because you don’t control the remote, your untrained mind keeps
playing the same painful or scary or enraging show over and over again.
• This one’s from Zen. The untrained mind is like a new puppy. You tell your puppy to sit
and stay, but your puppy immediately runs away, rummages in your closet, chews up
your new shoes, goes through the garbage can, and has an accident on the carpet.
• A third metaphor comes from a Christian contemplative, Thomas Merton. He said the
untrained mind is like a crow flying over a wheat field in winter. The crow spies lots of
things that sparkle in the field, swoops down to pick them up, only to discover that
what’s glittering in the field are old pieces of scrap metal, not something delicious to eat
4. or something to use for a nest.
If you train your mind to pay attention, then you’ve found the remote control, trained the
puppy, and become a smarter crow. To teach your mind to pay attention, you practice paying
attention over and over again. Here’s an example of a typical practice. If you want to, you
could take a break from reading right now and do the practice.
TYPICAL PRACTICE
Get in a comfortable position that won’t cause you discomfort, with your feet on the
floor and your back straight but not tense. Sit very still, breathing normally, in a quiet
room. Now, just watch your thoughts for a few minutes. Don’t try to force thoughts or
think specific thoughts. Don’t push some thoughts away or hold on tight to others. Just
watch what your mind generates. If your mind wanders away from watching your
thoughts (e.g., you get stuck on one thing, like planning what you’re going to do after
you read this web page) just notice that it wandered and gently bring it back to
watching thoughts. If you start to judge yourself (“I’m terrible at this”), your thoughts
(“That’s a stupid thing to be thinking”), or the practice (“This is a real waste of time”)
just notice your judgments and go back to watching your thoughts. Practice for five
minutes.
Linehan has a helpful metaphor for this type of practice: Your mind is like a boat that is tied to
a chain with an anchor. Mindfulness is the anchor and chain that gently pull the boat (your
attention) back each time the waves start to carry it away. Even if your mind wanders off
1,000 times, you’ve done the exercise if you gently pull your attention back to your point of
focus. There’s no right or wrong to it. All that matters is paying attention to your experience
while you do the exercise as well as you can. You can do this type of practice with anything
you care to bring your full and undivided attention to. In doing so, you’ll learn a lot about
yourself, about other people, and about any situation in which you find yourself. And, just like
a muscle that gets stronger and stronger with exercise, your capacity to move your attention
to what you want it to focus on will grow stronger.
This is one type of practice but there are others. In Linehan’s Skills Training Manual for
Treating Borderline Personality Disorder (1993), there is a clear explanation of
mindfulness, as well as lots of suggestions for practice. It’s an excellent place to learn more
about the topic. Further, she has broken mindfulness into six specific skills that can be
practiced by anyone to strengthen the capacity to pay attention in a way that leads to greater
and greater awareness.
The Goal of Mindfulness Practice
In DBT, the goals of mindfulness practice are simply to practice and to experience “Wise
Mind”. You’re in wise mind when your emotions and your thoughts work together so that wise
action is easy, even when your life and/or circumstances are really hard. You’re in wise mind
when you can meet each moment of life as it is, not as you would have it be, and respond to it
skillfully. People have different names for wise mind. Some people call it the “true self”, others
call it “spirit”, and others refer to it as “being centered”. The name doesn’t matter. What
matters is the capacity to have it. And everyone has that capacity. Further, anyone and
everyone can decide to work on making the capacity for wise mind stronger and stronger.
Notice that we’re not saying the goal of mindfulness practice is happiness or having a life free
from trouble or having an experience of nonstop joy. However, people who practice
mindfulness will tell you that they get better at enduring pain, better at solving problems,
better at not creating misery for themselves, and better at participating fully in those
moments of life that are joyful.
5. If You Want To Learn More About Mindfulness
Here are recommended readings and websites on mindfulness. You may want to take a look at
more than one, just to get a clear sense of what is available and what would be of most
interest to you.
Mindfulness Reading List
• Skills Training Manual for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder
by Marsha M. Linehan, Ph.D., APBB
• Pubmed – Search engine for medical abstracts and articles. Access articles from John
Kabat-Zinn, Zindel Segal, and other experts on Mindfulness Practice
• www.tricycle.com – TRICYCLE magazine had published an article, written by Dr. Linehan,
on the practicing mindfulness.
• Wherever You Go, There You Are: Mindfulness Meditation in Everyday Life
by Jon Kabat-Zinn
• The Miracle of Mindfulness
by Thich Nhat Hanh
Mindfulness From A Spiritual Perspective:
• Contemplative Prayer
by Thomas Merton, Thich Nhat Hanh (Christian)
• Delicious Laughter: Rambunctious Teaching Stories from the Mathnawi of Jelaluddin Rumi
by Coleman Barks, Maulana Jalal al-Din Rumi (Islam)
• Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind
by Shunryu Suzuki (Buddhist)
• Meeting God: Elements of Hindu Devotion
by Steven P. Huyler, et al. (Hindu)
• Meditation and Kabbalah
by Aryeh Kaplan (Judaism)
Websites:
• www.shambhala.com – publishers of books on Mindfulness Practice
• http://www.parallax.org/ - Resources for Mindful living