This document provides an overview of child development and the major theories of development. It describes the key periods of development from prenatal to adolescence and the domains of physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development. It then outlines several influential 20th century theories, including psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Erikson, behavioral theories of Watson and Skinner, cognitive theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, and ecological systems theory of Bronfenbrenner.
Counseling@Northwestern University has created an interactive timeline showing the development of counseling as a profession. In recent years, counseling has become a popular mental health profession among those interested in preventing and treating different forms of mental, emotional, and behavioral issues. Timeline: The History of Counseling features information about industry pioneers like Sigmund Freud, details government involvement through legislation, particularly in dealing with the fallout from thousands of returning WWII soldiers, and illustrates how more modern laws like Title IX turned our attention to the needs of diverse populations. It describes the impact of categorizing counselors as primary mental health professionals, legitimizing the profession and differentiating those who are certified counselors. Also examined is how counseling techniques and the overall profession have changed throughout the last few centuries, leading us to the counseling practices and techniques we know and use today.
This is from a Counseling@Northwestern original piece, which can be found here: http://counseling.northwestern.edu/timeline-the-history-of-counseling/
Counseling@Northwestern University has created an interactive timeline showing the development of counseling as a profession. In recent years, counseling has become a popular mental health profession among those interested in preventing and treating different forms of mental, emotional, and behavioral issues. Timeline: The History of Counseling features information about industry pioneers like Sigmund Freud, details government involvement through legislation, particularly in dealing with the fallout from thousands of returning WWII soldiers, and illustrates how more modern laws like Title IX turned our attention to the needs of diverse populations. It describes the impact of categorizing counselors as primary mental health professionals, legitimizing the profession and differentiating those who are certified counselors. Also examined is how counseling techniques and the overall profession have changed throughout the last few centuries, leading us to the counseling practices and techniques we know and use today.
This is from a Counseling@Northwestern original piece, which can be found here: http://counseling.northwestern.edu/timeline-the-history-of-counseling/
This power point presentation is on Carl Rogers theory of personality. This ppt would be helpful for both UG and PG students and is developed to fulfill the objective of curriculum.
This presentation is an Introduction to Bowlby attachment theory and its extension researches which are still applicable when it comes to mother-child attachment. They also cover the predicted nature of adults analyzing their childhood attachment styles. These slides were prepared for class presentation. Sharing these here as these can be helpful to others too.
This power point presentation is on Carl Rogers theory of personality. This ppt would be helpful for both UG and PG students and is developed to fulfill the objective of curriculum.
This presentation is an Introduction to Bowlby attachment theory and its extension researches which are still applicable when it comes to mother-child attachment. They also cover the predicted nature of adults analyzing their childhood attachment styles. These slides were prepared for class presentation. Sharing these here as these can be helpful to others too.
The video for this presentation is available on our Youtube channel:
https://youtube.com/allceuseducation A continuing education course for this presentation can be found at https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/index?c=
This powerpoint is part of AllCEU's Addiction Counselor Training Series. This section focuses on developmental theories of Erickson, Piaget, Vygotsky and many more. In class we discussed how trauma during a developmental period or failure to achieve developmental milestones may impact later social and emotional development. Each week we provide 8 hours of face-to-face continuing education and precertification training to LPCs, LADCs, and those wishing to become addiction counselors. Many states allow precertification to be done via online learning as well. We are approved education providers by NAADAC #599 and NBCC #6261.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Child Development
Definition:
Change in the child that occurs over time. Changes follow an
orderly pattern that moves toward greater complexity and
enhances survival.
Periods of development:
Prenatal period: from conception to birth
Infancy and toddlerhood: birth to 2 years
Early childhood: 2-6 years old
Middle childhood: 6-12 years old
Adolescence: 12-19 years old
3. Domains of Development
Development is described in three domains, but growth
in one domain influences the other domains.
Physical Domain:
body size, body proportions, appearance, brain development, motor
development, perception capacities, physical health.
Cognitive Domain:
thought processes and intellectual abilities including attention, memory,
problem solving, imagination, creativity, academic and everyday
knowledge, metacognition, and language.
Social/Emotional Domain:
self-knowledge (self-esteem, metacognition, sexual identity, ethnic
identity), moral reasoning, understanding and expression of emotions,
self-regulation, temperament, understanding others, interpersonal skills,
and friendships.
4. Theories
What is a theory?
Orderly set of ideas which describe, explain, and predict
behavior.
Why are theories important?
To give meaning to what we observe.
As a basis for action -- finding ways to improve the lives and
education of children.
6. 6th - 15th centuries
Medieval period
Preformationism: children seen as little adults.
Childhood is not a unique phase.
Children were cared for until they could begin
caring for themselves, around 7 years old.
Children treated as adults (e.g. their clothing,
worked at adult jobs, could be married, were made
into kings, were imprisoned or hanged as adults.)
7. 16th Century
Reformation period
Puritan religion influenced how children
were viewed.
Children were born evil, and must be
civilized.
A goal emerged to raise children effectively.
Special books were designed for children.
8. 17th Century
Age of Enlightenment
John Locke believed in tabula
rasa
Children develop in response to
nurturing.
Forerunner of behaviorism
www.cooperativeindividualism.org/ locke-john.jpg
9. 18th Century
Age of Reason
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
children were noble savages, born with an
innate sense of morality; the timing of growth
should not be interfered with.
Rousseau used the idea of stages of
development.
Forerunner of maturationist beliefs
10. 19th Century
Industrial Revolution
Charles Darwin
theories of natural selection and survival
of the fittest
Darwin made parallels between
human prenatal growth and
other animals.
Forerunner of ethology
11. 20th Century
Theories about children's development expanded
around the world.
Childhood was seen as worthy of special
attention.
Laws were passed to protect children,
12. Psychoanalytical
Theories
Beliefs focus on the formation of personality. According
to this approach, children move through various stages,
confronting conflicts between biological drives and social
expectations.
13. Sigmund Freud
Psychosexual Theory
Was based on his
therapy with troubled
adults.
He emphasized that a
child's personality is
formed by the ways
which his parents
managed his sexual and
aggressive drives.
14. Erik Erikson
Psychosocial Theory
Expanded on Freud's theories.
Believed that development is life-long.
Emphasized that at each stage, the child
acquires attitudes and skills resulting from
the successful negotiation of the
psychological conflict.
Identified 8 stages:
Basic trust vs mistrust (birth - 1 year)
Autonomy vs shame and doubt (ages 1-3)
Initiative vs guilt (ages 3-6)
Industry vs inferiority (ages 6-11)
Identity vs identity confusion (adolescence)
Intimacy vs isolation (young adulthood)
Generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood)
Integrity vs despair (the elderly)
16. Behaviorism
Developed as a response to
psychoanalytical theories.
Behaviorism became the dominant view
from the 1920's to 1960's.
17. John Watson
Early 20th century, "Father of
American Behaviorist theory.”
Based his work on Pavlov's
experiments on the digestive
system of dogs.
Researched classical conditioning
Children are passive beings who
can be molded by controlling the
stimulus-response associations.
www.psych.utah.edu./…/Cards/Watson.html
18. B. F. Skinner
Proposed that children "operate" on their
environment, operational conditioning.
Believed that learning could be broken down
into smaller tasks, and that offering
immediate rewards for accomplishments
would stimulate further learning.
19. Social Learning Theory
Albert Bandura
Stressed how children learn by observation
and imitation.
Believed that children gradually become
more selective in what they imitate.
21. Maturationists: G. Stanley Hall
and Arnold Gesell
Believed there is a predetermined biological
timetable.
Hall and Gesell were proponents of the
normative approach to child study: using
age-related averages of children's growth
and behaviors to define what is normal.
22. Ethology
Examines how behavior is determined by a
species' need for survival.
Has its roots in Charles Darwin's research.
Describes a "critical period" or "sensitive
period,” for learning
24. Attachment Theory
John Bowlby applied ethological
principles to his theory of attachment.
Attachment between an infant and her
caregiver can insure the infant’s survival.
26. Jean Piaget
Cognitive development
theory
Children "construct" their
understanding of the world
through their active involvement
and interactions.
Studied his 3 children to focus not
on what they knew but how they
knew it.
Described children's
understanding as their "schemas”
and how they use:
assimilation
accommodation.
27. Piaget’s Cognitive
Development Stages
Sensori-motor
Ages birth - 2: the infant uses his senses and motor abilities to
understand the world
Preoperation
Ages 2-7: the child uses metal representations of objects and is
able to use symbolic thought and language
Concrete operations
Ages 7-11; the child uses logical operations or principles when
solving problems
Formal operations
Ages 12 up; the use of logical operations in a systematic fashion
and with the ability to use abstractions
28. Lev Vygotsky
Socio-Cultural Theory
Agreed that children are active
learners, but their knowledge is
socially constructed.
Cultural values and customs
dictate what is important to
learn.
Children learn from more expert
members of the society.
Vygotsky described the "zone of
proximal development", where
learning occurs.
ced.ncsc.edu/hyy/devtheories.htm
29. Information Processing Theory
Uses the model of the computer to describe
how the brain works.
Focuses on how information is perceived,
how information is stored in memory, how
memories are retrieved and then used to
solve problems.
31. Urie Bronfenbrenner
Ecological Systems Theory or
bioecological theory
The varied systems of the
environment and the
interrelationships among the
systems shape a child's
development.
Both the environment and biology
influence the child's development.
The environment affects the child
and the child influences the
environment.
32. Bronfenbrenner’s Bio-Ecological Model
The microsystem - activities and
interactions in the child's immediate
surroundings: parents, school,
friends, etc.
The mesosystem - relationships
among the entities involved in the
child's microsystem: parents'
interactions with teachers, a school's
interactions with the daycare
provider
The exosystem - social institutions
which affect children indirectly: the
parents' work settings and policies,
extended family networks, mass
media, community resources
The macrosystem - broader cultural
values, laws and governmental
resources
The chronosystem - changes which
occur during a child's life, both
personally, like the birth of a sibling
and culturally, like the Iraqi war.
33. Outline of 20th Century Theories
Psychoanalytical Theories
Psychosexual: Sigmund Freud
Psychosocial: Erik Erikson
Behavioral & Social Learning Theories
Behaviorism: Classical Conditioning - John Watson &
Operant Conditioning - B.F. Skinner
Social Learning - Albert Bandera
Biological Theories
Maturationism: G. Stanley Hall & Arnold Gesell
Ethology: Konrad Lorenz
Attachment: John Bowlby
34. Cognitive Theories
Cognitive Development: Jean Piaget
Socio-cultural: Lev Vygotsky
Information Processing
Systems Theories
Ecological Systems: Urie Bronfenbrenner
Outline of 20th Century Theories