Pengurusan dan pengendalian mesyuarat agung JMB/MC Pengurusan StrataSr Ezwan Bustamin
Perbadanan pengurusan (JMB/MC) adalah badan yang ditubuhkan secara statut untuk mentadbir pengurusan dan penyelenggaraan harta bersama sesuatu skim strata manakala persatuan penduduk adalah pertubuhan sukarela yang terdiri dari penghuni (pemilik/penyewa) untuk mewakili kepentingan komuniti."
Pengurusan dan pengendalian mesyuarat agung JMB/MC Pengurusan StrataSr Ezwan Bustamin
Perbadanan pengurusan (JMB/MC) adalah badan yang ditubuhkan secara statut untuk mentadbir pengurusan dan penyelenggaraan harta bersama sesuatu skim strata manakala persatuan penduduk adalah pertubuhan sukarela yang terdiri dari penghuni (pemilik/penyewa) untuk mewakili kepentingan komuniti."
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang kitaran aliran pendapatan dalam ekonomi dua sektor yaitu sektor perusahaan dan rumah tangga. Juga membahas tentang konsep-konsep seperti APC, APS, MPC, MPS beserta rumus dan contoh perhitungannya. Dokumen tersebut memberikan penjelasan tentang hubungan antara pengeluaran, tabungan dan pendapatan rumah tangga.
Dokumen ini membahasikan Value Management Strategik (VMS) sebagai salah satu intervensi Pengurusan Nilai yang dilaksanakan pada tahap perancangan strategik projek untuk memastikan projek yang diusulkan memenuhi keperluan bisnis dan dapat dilaksanakan dengan anggaran biaya yang realistik. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan proses pelaksanaan VMS mulai dari identifikasi kebutuhan projek oleh kementerian hingga pengesahan permohonan oleh Unit Per
[Ringkasan]
Dokumen tersebut membahasikan undang-undang tanah di Malaysia. Ia menjelaskan sejarah perkembangan undang-undang tanah dari zaman pra-penjajahan hingga sistem Torrens yang diperkenalkan oleh penjajah British. Dokumen ini juga membincangkan struktur perundangan dan pentadbiran tanah, sistem pemilikan tanah, pelupusan tanah, urusniaga tanah, pendaftaran urusniaga, dan hak-hak yang berkaitan dengan tanah di Malaysia
Dasar Bersih, Cekap Dan Amanah bertujuan mewujudkan etika kerja dan sikap berkhidmat baru untuk meningkatkan hasil dan mutu kerja melalui penerapan nilai-nilai Islam dan kepimpinan teladan. Ia menekankan konsep bersih secara fizikal dan moral, cekap dalam membuat keputusan dan berproduktiviti tinggi, serta amanah dalam menjalankan tugas dengan jujur dan ikhlas.
RMKe-12 memperkenalkan pendekatan baharu berdasarkan tiga tema, empat pemangkin dasar dan 14 pemacu perubahan untuk memulihkan ekonomi, meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat dan memperkukuh kelestarian alam sekitar bagi mencapai matlamat menjadi negara yang makmur, inklusif dan mampan menjelang 2025.
Dokumen tersebut membahasakan pengenalan pengurusan penyelenggaraan bangunan. Ia menjelaskan konsep asas pengurusan penyelenggaraan, tujuan dan matlamatnya, serta pihak-pihak yang terlibat beserta tanggungjawab masing-masing dalam menyelenggarakan bangunan. Dokumen ini juga membincangkan langkah-langkah penyelenggaraan dan kepentingannya bagi memastikan nilai pelaburan dan fungsi bangunan
Using an evidence-based approach in Greater Manchester - Julian CoxOECD CFE
This seminar will focus on how countries can establish a policy framework to enable effective local action using an evidence-based approach, choosing between different measures when resources are scarce. The latest evidence from OECD countries on ‘what works’ and ‘what doesn’t’ will be considered, with participants sharing their own experiences from their perspectives as policy makers, researchers, practitioners and social entrepreneurs.
The document discusses methods for selecting projects during strategic planning. It describes performing a SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Various methods are presented for selecting projects, including focusing on broad organizational needs, categorizing projects, and performing financial analyses like net present value, return on investment, and payback analysis. Weighted scoring models and balanced scorecards are also discussed as tools to provide a systematic process for project selection based on important criteria.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang kitaran aliran pendapatan dalam ekonomi dua sektor yaitu sektor perusahaan dan rumah tangga. Juga membahas tentang konsep-konsep seperti APC, APS, MPC, MPS beserta rumus dan contoh perhitungannya. Dokumen tersebut memberikan penjelasan tentang hubungan antara pengeluaran, tabungan dan pendapatan rumah tangga.
Dokumen ini membahasikan Value Management Strategik (VMS) sebagai salah satu intervensi Pengurusan Nilai yang dilaksanakan pada tahap perancangan strategik projek untuk memastikan projek yang diusulkan memenuhi keperluan bisnis dan dapat dilaksanakan dengan anggaran biaya yang realistik. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan proses pelaksanaan VMS mulai dari identifikasi kebutuhan projek oleh kementerian hingga pengesahan permohonan oleh Unit Per
[Ringkasan]
Dokumen tersebut membahasikan undang-undang tanah di Malaysia. Ia menjelaskan sejarah perkembangan undang-undang tanah dari zaman pra-penjajahan hingga sistem Torrens yang diperkenalkan oleh penjajah British. Dokumen ini juga membincangkan struktur perundangan dan pentadbiran tanah, sistem pemilikan tanah, pelupusan tanah, urusniaga tanah, pendaftaran urusniaga, dan hak-hak yang berkaitan dengan tanah di Malaysia
Dasar Bersih, Cekap Dan Amanah bertujuan mewujudkan etika kerja dan sikap berkhidmat baru untuk meningkatkan hasil dan mutu kerja melalui penerapan nilai-nilai Islam dan kepimpinan teladan. Ia menekankan konsep bersih secara fizikal dan moral, cekap dalam membuat keputusan dan berproduktiviti tinggi, serta amanah dalam menjalankan tugas dengan jujur dan ikhlas.
RMKe-12 memperkenalkan pendekatan baharu berdasarkan tiga tema, empat pemangkin dasar dan 14 pemacu perubahan untuk memulihkan ekonomi, meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat dan memperkukuh kelestarian alam sekitar bagi mencapai matlamat menjadi negara yang makmur, inklusif dan mampan menjelang 2025.
Dokumen tersebut membahasakan pengenalan pengurusan penyelenggaraan bangunan. Ia menjelaskan konsep asas pengurusan penyelenggaraan, tujuan dan matlamatnya, serta pihak-pihak yang terlibat beserta tanggungjawab masing-masing dalam menyelenggarakan bangunan. Dokumen ini juga membincangkan langkah-langkah penyelenggaraan dan kepentingannya bagi memastikan nilai pelaburan dan fungsi bangunan
Using an evidence-based approach in Greater Manchester - Julian CoxOECD CFE
This seminar will focus on how countries can establish a policy framework to enable effective local action using an evidence-based approach, choosing between different measures when resources are scarce. The latest evidence from OECD countries on ‘what works’ and ‘what doesn’t’ will be considered, with participants sharing their own experiences from their perspectives as policy makers, researchers, practitioners and social entrepreneurs.
The document discusses methods for selecting projects during strategic planning. It describes performing a SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Various methods are presented for selecting projects, including focusing on broad organizational needs, categorizing projects, and performing financial analyses like net present value, return on investment, and payback analysis. Weighted scoring models and balanced scorecards are also discussed as tools to provide a systematic process for project selection based on important criteria.
An introduction to an effective earned value management system (EVMS) webinar series part 1
Tuesday 29 September 2020
presented by
Scot Butcher and Martin Eveleigh
The link to the write up page and resources of this webinar:
https://www.apm.org.uk/news/an-introduction-to-an-effective-earned-value-management-system-evms-webinar-series-part-1/
Marcus & Millichap / IPA Multifamily Forum Washington, D.C. - Speaker SlidesRyan Slack
The document discusses several topics related to real estate development and investment:
1. It provides examples of cap rate analysis for multifamily properties from 2016-2017, showing lower cap rates and IRR with rising interest rates.
2. It summarizes Freddie Mac's 2016 results including purchase volume, units financed, and delinquency rates, and their goals of improving the housing finance system.
3. It provides an overview of the ASB Allegiance Real Estate Fund including their investment focus, assets under management, and examples of properties in their multifamily portfolio.
This document outlines Lembaga Tabung Haji's (TH) journey to certification under ISO 37001:2016 for its Anti-Bribery Management System (ABMS). Key steps included identifying gaps, developing ABMS documentation like a manual and risk assessment, conducting internal audits, and undergoing pre-assessment and certification audits by SIRIM. TH was certified on November 6, 2017, becoming the first government agency in Malaysia to achieve this certification. The certification supports TH's integrity commitment and strategy to prevent corruption.
In this edition of Valuation Insights we discuss the genesis of the new Certified in Entity and Intangibles Valuation ("CEIV") credential that was introduced this year by three of the Valuation Professional Organizations to enhance the transparency, quality and consistency of valuations for financial reporting purposes. The article also discusses the pathway to obtaining the credential and the Mandatory Performance Framework.
Other Topics Covered Include:
BEPS Action 13 and what companies need to know to satisfy the new requirements
Highlights from the 2017 Global Enforcement Review
Duff & Phelps' new transfer pricing documentation tool - BEPS Central Tracker
Industry market multiples for North America and Europe
The document discusses methods used to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services globally. It focuses on the application of benefit transfer methods, which transfer valuation information from existing studies to new locations and ecosystems. Specifically, it describes how researchers identified over 1300 existing data points on ecosystem service values from 300 case studies. They evaluated these studies and selected 665 values to include in their analysis of the economic value provided by 17 ecosystem service categories across 16 biomes. The valuation results were expressed in international 2007 US dollars per hectare per year to standardize the estimates.
Financial Analysis of Panasonic carbon india ltdRiddhima Kartik
Panasonic Carbon India Ltd operates in the electrodes and graphite sector, manufacturing electrodes and welding equipment. It has seen growth in reserves, liabilities, trade receivables and cash equivalents since 2011. Financial ratios like current ratio, quick ratio and interest coverage ratio indicate the company is in a strong financial position, while inventory turnover and return on equity suggest business is growing. The stock price and P/E ratio have increased in the last year, showing investor confidence.
An introduction to an effective earned value management system (EVMS) webinar series part 2
Tuesday 3 November 2020
presented by
Scot Butcher and Martin Eveleigh
The link to the write up page and resources of this webinar:
https://www.apm.org.uk/news/an-introduction-to-an-effective-earned-value-management-system-evms-webinar-series-part-2/
Project Performance Measurement Earned Value A StarterSimonRobertson
The document discusses earned value management (EVM) and its implementation in Microsoft Project. EVM allows measuring a project's schedule and cost performance by comparing the planned, earned, and actual values. Key benefits include having an accurate project status, ability to proactively make corrections, and managing stakeholder expectations. The document outlines how to set up EVM in MS Project, including adding columns to track planned value, earned value, actual cost, schedule and cost variances, and performance indexes. Examples of information tables and charts for tracking and reporting EVM measures are also provided.
This document discusses the role of a quantity surveyor based on an interview with Madam Thong Siew Yuk. A quantity surveyor is responsible for construction cost management, procurement, and contract administration. They estimate project costs, create bills of quantities, and ensure projects are delivered on time and on budget by managing contracts. Quantity surveyors need a degree in quantity surveying and must be licensed. They work in both the office and on construction sites.
Capability statement not_print_ready_versionMainstay Group
"Mainstay’s Facilities Management arm (MFM) plays a vital role in ensuring that the properties that are managed by Mainstay are secure, clean and well maintained,offering an integrated and efficient service model for our customers."
Designed to provide comprehensive of the fundamentals of estimation & control, this masterclass covers many subtle and advanced estimating & control concepts for specific industry like Oil & gas which are “equipment-centric”, and this influence is important in the selection of estimating methodologies and techniques used in estimate preparation. This process will be covered from both the contractor and owner’s points of view, noting the similarities and differences in the respective approach of each.
An emphasis will be placed on examining the conceptual estimating methodologies that can assist in preparing accurate estimates at early design stages of project. The cost control process will be based on the concept of Plan-Do-Check-Assess of total cost management framework.
1. This document discusses the results of an internal customer satisfaction survey conducted by the Service Standardization & Monitoring Division in January 2024. It provides the customer satisfaction index calculation methodology and analysis approach.
2. The results section shows the customer satisfaction index scores for 19 audit team members, ranging from 81.04% to 97.80%. It also displays the score of 92.29% for the technical team led by Armansyahrial based on feedback from 3 business units.
3. Instructions and criteria for assessing customer satisfaction levels and determining success are defined, including satisfaction and importance rating scales. The target KPI for internal customer satisfaction in 2024 is defined as a score of over 97%.
Asset management by strategic objectives by Vivek KangesuVivek Kangesu
Over the years I have taken several approaches to the whole of organizational asset management to achieve organizational strategic objectives. The common elements of these approaches include the following:
1. Organizational-led asset management is categorized into Operational asset management; Strategic asset management; and Financial asset management.
2. Integration of strategic asset management, long-term financial management, strategic service management, and -workforce management
3. Analysis of total costs of services including enabling costs
4. Quantification of scope and levels of services and the associated cost of services to inform the community.
5. Transform organizational asset management into portfolio management through reverse engineering.
I am confident that the asset management concepts are complementary for corporate managers looking for asset business improvements or transformation. Vivek K
Final Presentation from Chester Group Rev 0Steven Quenzel
Chester Sensors achieved strong financial results over 8 rounds of simulation, with cumulative profits exceeding competitors by over 50% and the highest stock price. The company differentiated through reliable, cutting-edge sensors produced at affordable prices using automation. Looking ahead, Chester will introduce the highly automated Cyclops line to compete in ultra-high tech sectors while phasing out older product lines. Overall, Chester's focus on product lifecycle, R&D, and cost control supported consistent market leadership.
This document appears to be from a presentation on energy leadership, innovation, and entrepreneurship. It discusses measuring performance indicators and confidence levels. It provides templates for developing value maps and routes to value for startups, including objectives, changes needed, and metrics to track progress. Case studies are presented on developing services and scaling up operations to capture more users and generate revenue.
Similar to Migrasi nilai tahunan kepada nilai tambah : Ekspektasi dan realiti (20)
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
Preliminary findings _OECD field visits to ten regions in the TSI EU mining r...OECDregions
Preliminary findings from OECD field visits for the project: Enhancing EU Mining Regional Ecosystems to Support the Green Transition and Secure Mineral Raw Materials Supply.
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
For people who have money and are philanthropic, there are infinite opportunities to gift a needy person or child a Merry Christmas. Even if you are living on a shoestring budget, you will be surprised at how much you can do.
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-to-donate-to-charity-during-this-holiday-season/
#charityforchildren, #donateforchildren, #donateclothesforchildren, #donatebooksforchildren, #donatetoysforchildren, #sponsorforchildren, #sponsorclothesforchildren, #sponsorbooksforchildren, #sponsortoysforchildren, #seruds, #kurnool
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
2. Sr EZWAN BIN BUSTAMIN
KETUA PENOLONG
PENGARAH (KANAN)
GRED M52
SEKSYEN KESELAMATAN,
PERUMAHAH &
PEMBANGUNAN TANAH,
UNIT KERJASAMA AWAM
SWASTA (UKAS)
3. LATAR BELAKANG AKADEMIK
Sekolah Dato’ Abdul Razak (SDAR)
1992-1996
B.Sc (Hons.) Estate Management
1999 – 2001 ∙ University of Malaya
Diploma of Public Administration
2005 – 2006 ∙ INTAN
Master of Properties Study
2013 – 2014 ∙ The University of Queensland
Calon PhD
2017 - ??? . University of Malaya
4. PENGALAMAN KERJA
FARLIM GROUP (M) BHD
2001 – 2002 ∙ Eksekutif Hartanah
CH WILLIAMS, WONG & TALHAR
2002 – 2003 ∙ Eksekutif Penilaian
PPC INTERNATIONAL
2003 – 2004 ∙ Eksekutif Agensi
2004 – 2005 ∙ Eksekutif Penyelidikan
JABATAN KETUA MENTERI MELAKA
2005 – 2008 ∙ Penolong Setiausaha
(Perumahan & Kerajaan Tempatan)
5. PENGALAMAN KERJA
JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA
2008 – 2010 ∙ Penolong Pengarah Kanan
(Aset & Pentadbiran Am)
KEMENTERIAN KEMAJUAN LUAR BANDAR
DAN WILAYAH
2010 – 2013 ∙ Ketua Penolong Setiausaha
(Program Bantuan Rumah)
INSTITUT KESEJAHTERAAN BANDAR, PERUMAHAN
DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN
2014 – 2017 ∙ Ketua Pusat Pengajian
Pengurusan Perumahan
UKAS
2021 – ??? ∙ Ketua Penolong Pengarah (Kanan)
Sek. Keselamatan, Perumahan & Pembangunan Tanah
7. “
”
In the case of a rate, the taxing authority
decides how much money it wants in the
aggregate, and this amount is raised by
apportioning the payment of it between the
various ratepayers in accordance with some
definite standard made for the occasion or
already in existence
Cannan (1927, P4)
Amaun berkadaran yang diterbitkan terhadap
pembayar kadar melalui satu instrumen yang
seragam bagi menampung perbelanjaan yang
telah dipersetujui oleh pihak yang berkuasa
8. APA BEZA KADAR DAN CUKAI?
CUKAI : tugasan hasil
didahulukan sebelum
membuat tugasan
perbelanjaan
KADAR : tugasan
perbelanjaan didahulukan
sebelum membuat tugasan
hasil
10. ASAS TAKSIRAN KADAR
AKT jelas menyatakan:-
Nilai Tahunan; atau,
Nilai Tambah
Majoriti PBT amalkan Nilai
Tahunan. MENGAPA?
Warisan?
Tiada kepakaran?
IVSC dan IAAO menyarankan guna
Asas Taksiran yang lebih banyak
bukti empirikal dan lebih mudah
difahami oleh pembayar kadar.
IVSC = International Valuation Standard
Council
IAAO = Internatioanl Association of Assessing
Officer
11. Distinctions Annual Value Improved Value
1. Hypothesis base Hypothetical tenancy
(holding is vacant and
ready to let)
Hypothetical sale
(willing buyer and
willing seller within
arm’s length and
prudent deal)
2. Assessed value Gross annual rent Capital value
3. Consideration of in situ use Rebus sic stantibus Encumbrance and
potential are due.
4. Availability of evidence The occurrence of rental
evidence amongst non-
residential holdings is
relatively higher than
residential holdings.
The occurrence of sale
evidence amongst
residential holdings is
relatively higher than
non-residential
holdings.
12. ASAS TAKSIRAN KADAR
Asas-asas taksiran lain yg diguna
pakai di seluruh dunia
Unimproved value (Australia, SA)
Site value (Canada, Eropah)
Banding (UK)
Area based assessment (Eropah)
Frontage (Eropah)
Self-assessment (USA)
13. MITOS PENILAIAN SEMULA
Penilaian semula meningkatkan kenaan
kadaran pada pembayar kadar
Tidak tepat kerana amaun yg dilevi
boleh dikekalkan melalui pelarasan
kadar
Penilaian semula meningkatkan hasil
PBT
Tidak signifikan. Penambahan pegangan
dalam senarai nilaian sebenarnya yang
signifikan meningkatkan hasil
Penilaian semula melibatkan kos yang
tidak berbaloi dengan keberhasilannya
Tidak tepat. Kerana secara holistik
manfaat dari outcome penilaian semula
mengatasi kos yang terlibat.
14. KEPENTINGAN PENILAIAN SEMULA
Penilaian semula mengekalkan prinsip KEADILAN, KESAKSAMAAN
DAN KEMAMPUAN dalam sistem kadaran kerajaan tempatan.
(IAAO, 2010; IVSC, 2005)
Penilaian semula mempunyai hubungkait yang signifikan
terhadap prestasi pungutan hasil kadaran. (Bates & Santerre,
1993)
Penilaian semula mampu mengurangkan bantahan taksiran dan
mengelakkan insiden spekulasi hartanah (Mikesell, 1980)
15. ADAM SMITH’S CANON OF TAXATION
1. Adil dan saksama (equality and
equity)
2. Jelas dan pasti (certainty)
3. Menjana ekonomi (efficiency)
4. Mudah dan senang difahami
(convenience)
16. MENGAPA MIGRASI KE NILAI TAMBAH
PERLU DISOKONG?
#1: JELAS DAN MUDAH DIFAHAMI
OLEH PEMBAYAR KADAR
• Konsep sewa andaian (hypothetical
rent) pada Nilai Tahun sukar difahami
• Realiti, pembayar kadar tidak
membantah Nilai Tambah yang
ditaksir
• Sebaliknya, membantah amaun kadar
dikenakan.
17. PELARASAN KADAR SELEPAS MIGRASI
KEPERLUAN
BAJET
(A)
BILANGAN
PEGANGAN
(B)
PURATA
NILAI
TAKSIRAN
(C)
NILAI
KESELURUHAN
(B) X (C) = (D)
KADAR
(A)÷(D)*100
= (E)
AMAUN
BIL
(C) X (E)
= F
RM120,000 100
RM6,000.00
(NILAI
TAHUNAN)
RM600,000.00 20.00% RM120.00
RM80,000.00
(NILAI
TAMBAH)
RM8,000,000.00 1.50% RM120.00
18. MENGAPA MIGRASI KE NILAI TAMBAH
PERLU DISOKONG?
#2: BUKTI JUALAN YANG LEBIH
BANYAK DAN KUKUH
• IVSC dan IAAO sarankan guna asas
nilai yang buktinya lebih banyak
• Bukti jualan hakikatnya lebih tinggi
bilangannya dari bukti sewaan
• Penilaian kurang berpotensi untuk
dibantah
• Jika ada bantahan, potensi untuk
menang lebih tinggi.
19. MENGAPA MIGRASI KE NILAI TAMBAH
PERLU DISOKONG?
#2: BUKTI JUALAN YANG LEBIH
BANYAK DAN KUKUH
PALING IDEAL IALAH:-
Kediaman → Nilai Tambah
Bukan Kediaman → Nilai
Tahunan
Perlu pindaan pada Sek.130(1) kerana
jelas hanya satu asas taksiran perlu
dipilih
20. MENGAPA MIGRASI KE NILAI TAMBAH
PERLU DISOKONG?
#3: APLIKASI COMPUTER AIDED MASS
APPRAISAL (CAMA) LEBIH MUDAH
• Di bawah AKT tidak menjelaskan
kaedah penilaian yang terpakai
• MBOVEA juga tidak ada
mengeluarkan satu piawaian untuk
penilaian kadar
• Amalan yang diguna pakai
majoritinya kaedah perbandingan
melalui pendekatan single-property
21. MENGAPA MIGRASI KE NILAI TAMBAH
PERLU DISOKONG?
#3: APLIKASI COMPUTER AIDED MASS
APPRAISAL (CAMA) LEBIH MUDAH
• Kaedah Mass Appraisal masih lagi
asing di Malaysia, walaupun majoriti
di peringkat antarabangsa
mengguna pakai kaedah ini
• Nilai Tambah mengguna pakai
prinsip penilaian yang lebih mudah
• Rekod-rekod transaksi jualan
memberikan BIG DATA – model CAMA
lebih reliable dan tepat
22. MENGAPA MIGRASI KE NILAI TAMBAH
PERLU DISOKONG?
#4: PENENTUAN ARAS NILAI YANG
LEBIH TEPAT
• Tujuan utama aras nilaian ialah supaya taksiran
pegangan-pegangan baharu adalah selaras
dengan pegangan-pegangan sedia ada
• “Apa-apa pindaan yang dibuat di bawah seksyen
ini BOLEH,menurut budi bicara pihak berkuasa
tempatan, memberi perhatian kepada aras
nilai-nilai tahunan atau nilai tambah yang
terdapat seperti pada atau lebih kurang pada
masa Senarai Nilaian semasa telah disediakan.”
Seksyen 144 (4)
23. ARAS NILAI
Satu prinsip membekukan nilai
pada satu tahun yang dijadikan
asas waktu penilaian.
‘Tone-of-the-list’ mula
diperkenalkan di England dalam
English Local Government Act 1966
“the valuation of the new properties
should not exceed the value as if it is
subsisted during the mass valuation
of the effective assessment list so
that the consistency of the rent
(market) value level could be
warranted.” Britton, Davies, and Johnson
(1980)
26. ARAS NILAI
2014
100% 100%
2017
66.67% 66.67% 66.67%
2020
58.82% 58.82% 58.82%
Idealnya, taksiran yang
baik pada sesuatu senarai
nilaian adalah apabila
kesemua pegangannya
ditaksir pada aras nilai
yang sama.
27. ARAS NILAI
2014
100% 100%
2017
68.00% 65.50% 66.67%
2020
60.50% 45.00% 58.82%
REALITINYA, sukar
untuk mengekalkan aras
nilai yg sama untuk
kesemua pegangan
kerana pertumbuhan
nilai yg berbeza-beza.
28. ARAS NILAIAN
2014
100% 100%
2017
68.00% 65.50% 66.67%
2020
60.50% 45.00% 58.82%
Aras nilai yang berbeza-
beza menyebabkan
taksiran tidak lagi
seragam dan kualiti
senarai nilaian merosot
• Kajian empirikal banyak
mendapati ketidak
seragaman yang ketara
boleh mula berlaku pada
tahun ke-3
• Manakala, selepas 5 tahun
kualiti taksiran pada
senarai nilaian adalah amat
kritikal
29. AMALAN MELARASKAN NILAI PADA PEGANGAN
BAHARU
• Penilaian retrospektif
• Kaedah perbandingan atau kos
dengan menggunakan data-data
sewaan dan jualan pada tahun asas
• Nilai pasaran difaktorkan dengan aras
nilai umum
• Aras nilai umum adalah aras
purata/median bagi aras nilai
pegangan-pegangan dalam senarai
nilai asal.
AMALAN 1 AMALAN 2
30. KAEDAH MELARASKAN NILAI PADA PEGANGAN
BAHARU
PEGANGAN A = RM220,000 (2020)
• BUKTI JUALAN A (2014) = RM150,000
• BUKTI JUALAN B (2014) = RM140,000
• BUKTI JUALAN C (2014) = RM150,000
NILAI TAKSIRAN = RM150,000
PEGANGAN A = RM220,000 (2020)
ARAS NILAIAN UMUM = RM220,000 X
63.64%
NILAI TAKSIRAN = RM220,000 X 63.64%
= RM140,000
KAEDAH 1 KAEDAH 2
31. KAEDAH MELARASKAN NILAI PADA PEGANGAN
BAHARU
PEGANGAN A = RM220,000 (2020)
• BUKTI JUALAN A (2014) = RM150,000
• BUKTI JUALAN B (2014) = RM140,000
• BUKTI JUALAN C (2014) = RM150,000
NILAI TAKSIRAN = RM150,000
PEGANGAN A = RM220,000 (2020)
ARAS NILAIAN UMUM = RM220,000 X
63.64%
NILAI TAKSIRAN = RM220,000 X 63.64%
= RM140,000
KAEDAH 1 KAEDAH 2
KAEDAH 2 adalah kaedah yang diguna pakai di US, Australia, Ireland, Hong
Kong, Indonesia, Thailand, Kanada dan lain-lain lagi
32. PERBANDINGAN LGA DENGAN AMALAN
DAN PIAWAI LUAR NEGARA
Principles of property
rate assessment
Local Government Act 1976 Standards On Property
Tax Policy (IAAO, 2010)
International Valuation
Guidance Note No. 13
(IVSC, 2005)
Hong Kong Rating System
(Brown, 2013)
1. Basis of assessment
value
Annual or improved value Market value Market value Annual value
2. Valuation reference date Fixed at the date of the
valuation list is referred
Freeze at the base year of
the assessment list
Fixed at the designated date
of the mass appraisal for the
valuation list
Fixed on October 1st for the
year of the valuation list is
referred
3. Frequency of revaluation Quinquennial or more if
extended by the relevant
authority
In a cyclical manner or at
any time that the quality
of the assessment list is
intolerable
Periodic but no specific
interval
The current law does not
specify yet annual revaluations
are noted since the year 2000
4. Maintenance of the
valuation list
The necessary amendment at
any time
Annual assessment update Periodic adjustment and
alteration but no specific
interval
Necessary update at any time
5. Performance monitoring Absence Ratio studies Appraisal level and uniformity
level
Ratio studies
33. #1
#2
#3
Aplikasi Nilai Tambah mampu mengekalkan kualiti taksiran pegangan pada senarai nilaian
selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip Kanun Kecukaian
Kemahiran, teknologi dan piawaian dalam sistem penilaian kadaran PBT lebih kemas, jimat dan
cekap melalui aplikasi Nilai Tambah
Aplikasi Nilai Tambah yang berkesan memudahkan pelaksanaan Penilaian Semula mengikut kitaran yang
ditetapkan dan berpotensi mengurangkan bantahan/halangan
RUMU
SAN