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Cairo University
Faculty of Computers & Information
Department of Decision Support

Simulation Software Packages
Mid-Term Exam 2005/2006

Duration: 1.5 hours

Solve ONLY four questions.
Question 1:
Budgets are great for tracking money as it flows through a company. But when they are used
for other purposes – long-range planning or assessing performance – they can distort reality
and mislead managers. When budgets become an end themselves, the company suffers. The
result: Managers end up managing the budget rather than managing the company.
Here’s what typically happens: As a result of the annual budgeting process, each division is
given a budget, a target level of spending. If actual costs exceed the budget, everyone in the
division begins to experience budget pressure. A division may respond in a variety of ways:
Laying off employees, cutting back the workweek, dropping bonuses, and eliminating
expenditures for training and outside conferences. Eventually, to management’s relief, the
monthly and quarterly results improve.
Draw a simple single loop diagram that captures the causal relationship between; Target
Budget, Budget Pressure, Cost-Cutting Measures, and Cost.
Question 2:
Given part of the Sterman’s Production & Inventory model. Assume that a new quality
control unit is now placed in the warehouse where inventory is stocked. The quality control
unit inspects all stocked units. If a defective unit is found, it is moved from inventory to the
repair shop. From past data records, the percentage of defective units is 20% of all stocked
units. The defective units remain in the repair shop for about 3 weeks, which is the average
repair time. After being repaired, units are moved from the repair shop back to inventory
and ready for shipment.
Modify the model to incorporate the repair process. Add any modeling constructs you feel
necessary (stocks, flows, constants, or auxiliary variables). Write down the equation or
value of each of the modeling constructs you added.

1
Question 3:
The trajectory of a stock is shown in the figure below. Determine the behavior of its net rate by
graphical differentiation.

Question 4:
1. Discuss briefly the two systems dynamics key functions.
1) It compress space, time and saves money.
2) Vehicle for building a shared vision.
2. Mention the main steps of the modeling process, and briefly discuss the first step.
Question 5:
Based on Sterman’s manufacturing model, construct a simple structure for the labor sector
given the following modeling constructs.
 Labor
 Hiring Rate
 Quit Rate
 Average duration of employment
 Labor adjustment time
 Adjustment for labor
 Desired labor
 Desired hiring rate
i. Determine the type of each modeling constructs (stock, flow, constant, or auxiliary variable)
ii. Draw the stock and flow diagram of this structure.
iii. Write down the equation or value of each modeling construct.

2
3

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Midterm 05 06

  • 1. Cairo University Faculty of Computers & Information Department of Decision Support Simulation Software Packages Mid-Term Exam 2005/2006 Duration: 1.5 hours Solve ONLY four questions. Question 1: Budgets are great for tracking money as it flows through a company. But when they are used for other purposes – long-range planning or assessing performance – they can distort reality and mislead managers. When budgets become an end themselves, the company suffers. The result: Managers end up managing the budget rather than managing the company. Here’s what typically happens: As a result of the annual budgeting process, each division is given a budget, a target level of spending. If actual costs exceed the budget, everyone in the division begins to experience budget pressure. A division may respond in a variety of ways: Laying off employees, cutting back the workweek, dropping bonuses, and eliminating expenditures for training and outside conferences. Eventually, to management’s relief, the monthly and quarterly results improve. Draw a simple single loop diagram that captures the causal relationship between; Target Budget, Budget Pressure, Cost-Cutting Measures, and Cost. Question 2: Given part of the Sterman’s Production & Inventory model. Assume that a new quality control unit is now placed in the warehouse where inventory is stocked. The quality control unit inspects all stocked units. If a defective unit is found, it is moved from inventory to the repair shop. From past data records, the percentage of defective units is 20% of all stocked units. The defective units remain in the repair shop for about 3 weeks, which is the average repair time. After being repaired, units are moved from the repair shop back to inventory and ready for shipment. Modify the model to incorporate the repair process. Add any modeling constructs you feel necessary (stocks, flows, constants, or auxiliary variables). Write down the equation or value of each of the modeling constructs you added. 1
  • 2. Question 3: The trajectory of a stock is shown in the figure below. Determine the behavior of its net rate by graphical differentiation. Question 4: 1. Discuss briefly the two systems dynamics key functions. 1) It compress space, time and saves money. 2) Vehicle for building a shared vision. 2. Mention the main steps of the modeling process, and briefly discuss the first step. Question 5: Based on Sterman’s manufacturing model, construct a simple structure for the labor sector given the following modeling constructs.  Labor  Hiring Rate  Quit Rate  Average duration of employment  Labor adjustment time  Adjustment for labor  Desired labor  Desired hiring rate i. Determine the type of each modeling constructs (stock, flow, constant, or auxiliary variable) ii. Draw the stock and flow diagram of this structure. iii. Write down the equation or value of each modeling construct. 2
  • 3. 3