The document summarizes the history of the Iberian Peninsula from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE to the end of the Reconquista in 1492 CE. It describes how Germanic tribes like the Visigoths invaded and conquered the region, followed later by the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 CE which established al-Andalus. Al-Andalus prospered under Muslim rule for over 800 years with important cities like Córdoba, though northern Christian kingdoms also formed. The Reconquista involved the gradual recapture of al-Andalus by the northern Christian kingdoms over centuries, with the fall of Granada in 1492 CE

2. It started in 476 and finished in 1492, when Columbus
travelled to America.
In the 5th century, tribes from the North and Central Europe
invaded the very weak Roman Empire and it ended.
The Visigoths were a powerful Germanic tribe. They
conquered Spain in the 6th century and ruled for 200 years.

4. In 711, Muslim armies from the North of Africa invaded Spain
and defeated the Visigoths. They called this region AL-
ANDALUS. They ruled for over 800 years.

5. The Muslims created their own independent kingdom (Muslim
Caliphate of Córdoba), but some people in northern parts of
the Iberian Peninsula resisted and created their kingdoms.

7. Al-Andalus was a
rich, prosperous
territory.There was
a lot of agriculture,
with many large
farms. There were
also large cities, like
Córdoba, the
biggest city in
Europe.

8. The people of Al-
Andalus usually
lived in towns
and cities. They
were very
civilised. The
towns and cities
had walls around
then. Usually
they had a fort
called alcazaba
and a palace
called alcázar

9. In

10. The medina was the centre of the city, there lived many
craftspeople (pottery, leather goods, jewellery...). People went
to the market called souk to buy vegetables, perfumes, meat,
fruit,...

11. People went to mosques to pray,
they had got domes, courtyards
and tall towers

12. Most cities and towns had a water system, hospitals, libraries,
universities and public baths

13. Houses were simple on the outside. Inside they had luxurious
furnitures, rugs and cushions, there were beautiful tiles on the
walls. They had gardens with fruit trees, small fountains and
flowers

14. Muslims slowly lost their lands in wars with the Christians.
Granada was the last Muslim kingdom.

16. Christians kingdoms formed in the North (Leon, Castilla,
León, Navarra,..). People lived under a feudal system, with
very clear social groups:
The king was at the top
of the feudal system. He
owned all the lands and
made the laws.

17. The noble were below the king. He gave them land, in return,
they protect the king and gave him knights for his armies
The kinghts were below the nobles, the nobles gave them
land and, in return, they fought in battles for the king.

18. The peasants were
below the knights.
They worked on the
land of the nobles,
knights or king. They
gave them a part of
their crops as a tax. In
return, the knights and
nobles protected them.
Some peasants
were serfs, they
couldn´t leave the
land. They were
at the bottom of
the feudal system

20. In feudal society most people lived in small villages, the
peasant worked on the land. They grew crops and raised
animals, they made their own houses and made their tools
and clothes.

21. Their houses were very
simple, there was one
room for the family and
one room for the animals.
Upstairs there was one
bedroom.
They ate very simple
food like bread, eggs and
vegetables. They ate very
occasionally meat and
cheese.

22. Life was dangerous, kings and nobles built castles and walls
around the new cities to protect thenselves from the enemy.

24. THE END