Microscopy of kurchi
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•600 views
This presentation has been made for educational purpose. The presentation covers microscopic characteristics of kurchi bark. The transverse section, powder microscopy, micro-chemical tests and chemical tests of kurchi bark are discussed in presentation . The presentation is useful for preparation of competitive examinations like GPAT.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
cinnamon
This document summarizes information about cinnamon bark, including its biological source from the Cinnamomum zeylanicum tree, propagation methods, harvesting process, chemical constituents like volatile oil and cinnamaldehyde, quality standards, and uses as a spice, flavoring agent, and in preparations like candy and perfumes. It also describes different varieties of cinnamon including Saigon cinnamon and Java cinnamon.
P cognosy of rauwolfia
GPAT
Niper &
other pharma competative exams...
For more posts, follow us on .... be
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
Also follow us on...
Facebook @ Pharma Helpers
Whatsapp @ 8421773854 OR https://chat.whatsapp.com/FFVRcxiiqC91PvnEvmK2F1
Instagram @ https://www.instagram.com/p/COM-VYqJ3Xo/?igshid=1ac01ibq2sa2k
Guggul
Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Liquorice (glycyrrhiza glabra linn.)
Liquorice is obtained from the dried roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza glabra. It contains glycyrrhizin as the main active constituent, which is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose. Microscopic examination shows the presence of starch grains, crystal fibers, cork cells, and border pitted vessels. Liquorice has demulcent, expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties and is used to mask bitter tastes in medicines and for flavoring purposes.
Experiment :Fennel
This document describes an experiment on the organoleptic and microscopic characterization of fennel fruit. The aims are to study the morphological features, transverse section, and powder characteristics of fennel fruit. The experiment involves examining the fennel fruit under a simple microscope using different staining reagents to observe histological details. Key outcomes include understanding the fennel fruit's morphological features and distinguishing authentic from substituted/adulterated drug based on microscopic and powder analysis.
Senna
Senna is the dried leaflets of Cassia angustifolia used as a laxative. It is mainly cultivated in parts of India like Tinnevelly, Madurai, and Ramnathpuram. Senna contains anthraquinone glycosides like sennoside A and B which are responsible for its purgative effects by increasing intestinal motility and reducing water absorption. The document details the pharmacognostic features, chemical constituents, extraction methods, uses, and adulterants of senna.
Isapgol
This document summarizes information about Isapgol (Plantago ovata). It discusses the synonyms, biological source, and geographical source. Morphological characteristics such as color, odor, taste, shape, and features are described. The main chemical constituents including mucilage, pentosans, and aldobionic acid are identified. Chemical tests for purity including swelling factor and reaction with ruthenium red are outlined. The uses of Isapgol husk and seeds as a laxative, demulcent, and in cosmetics and food industries are provided. The source material for the information is cited.
Capsules
The document discusses capsules and the capsule manufacturing process. It provides details on:
- The parts of capsules including the cap and body.
- The two main types of capsules - hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules.
- The manufacturing process for hard gelatin capsules including dipping, spinning, drying, filling, sealing and cleaning steps.
- Capsule sizes ranging from size 000 to size 5.
- The production of soft gelatin capsules using plate, rotary die and Accogel processes.
Recommended
cinnamon
This document summarizes information about cinnamon bark, including its biological source from the Cinnamomum zeylanicum tree, propagation methods, harvesting process, chemical constituents like volatile oil and cinnamaldehyde, quality standards, and uses as a spice, flavoring agent, and in preparations like candy and perfumes. It also describes different varieties of cinnamon including Saigon cinnamon and Java cinnamon.
P cognosy of rauwolfia
GPAT
Niper &
other pharma competative exams...
For more posts, follow us on .... be
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
Also follow us on...
Facebook @ Pharma Helpers
Whatsapp @ 8421773854 OR https://chat.whatsapp.com/FFVRcxiiqC91PvnEvmK2F1
Instagram @ https://www.instagram.com/p/COM-VYqJ3Xo/?igshid=1ac01ibq2sa2k
Guggul
Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Liquorice (glycyrrhiza glabra linn.)
Liquorice is obtained from the dried roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza glabra. It contains glycyrrhizin as the main active constituent, which is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose. Microscopic examination shows the presence of starch grains, crystal fibers, cork cells, and border pitted vessels. Liquorice has demulcent, expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties and is used to mask bitter tastes in medicines and for flavoring purposes.
Experiment :Fennel
This document describes an experiment on the organoleptic and microscopic characterization of fennel fruit. The aims are to study the morphological features, transverse section, and powder characteristics of fennel fruit. The experiment involves examining the fennel fruit under a simple microscope using different staining reagents to observe histological details. Key outcomes include understanding the fennel fruit's morphological features and distinguishing authentic from substituted/adulterated drug based on microscopic and powder analysis.
Senna
Senna is the dried leaflets of Cassia angustifolia used as a laxative. It is mainly cultivated in parts of India like Tinnevelly, Madurai, and Ramnathpuram. Senna contains anthraquinone glycosides like sennoside A and B which are responsible for its purgative effects by increasing intestinal motility and reducing water absorption. The document details the pharmacognostic features, chemical constituents, extraction methods, uses, and adulterants of senna.
Isapgol
This document summarizes information about Isapgol (Plantago ovata). It discusses the synonyms, biological source, and geographical source. Morphological characteristics such as color, odor, taste, shape, and features are described. The main chemical constituents including mucilage, pentosans, and aldobionic acid are identified. Chemical tests for purity including swelling factor and reaction with ruthenium red are outlined. The uses of Isapgol husk and seeds as a laxative, demulcent, and in cosmetics and food industries are provided. The source material for the information is cited.
Capsules
The document discusses capsules and the capsule manufacturing process. It provides details on:
- The parts of capsules including the cap and body.
- The two main types of capsules - hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules.
- The manufacturing process for hard gelatin capsules including dipping, spinning, drying, filling, sealing and cleaning steps.
- Capsule sizes ranging from size 000 to size 5.
- The production of soft gelatin capsules using plate, rotary die and Accogel processes.
Pharmacognosy OF LIQUORICE(Saponin Glycoside)
This document summarizes information about the plant liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It is grown in sub-Himalayan regions and parts of Europe. Microscopically, it exhibits cork layers, medullary rays, phloem fibers, xylem vessels and fibers, and parenchyma cells containing starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals. It contains saponin glycosides and glycyrrhetinic acid. Liquorice has demulcent, expectorant, and mineralocorticoid properties and is used in cough syrups, lozenges, and to mask bitter tastes in medicines. Its saponins aid absorption of some drugs. Adulterants include
Clove
Clove is the dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllus, a tree native to Indonesia and cultivated in India. The ideal climate is a cooler, humid tropical region with well-distributed rainfall. Cloves contain 15-20% volatile clove oil, which is composed mainly of eugenol. Cloves are harvested by hand when buds are plump but unopened, then dried. Cloves are used as a spice and for flavoring, and clove oil is used commercially to produce vanillin and as an antiseptic. Potential adulterants include clove stalks, exhausted cloves with low oil content, and blown clove flowers.
Dioscorea deltoida
This document provides information on the plant Dioscorea deltoidea. It discusses the plant's classification (genus Dioscorea, family Dioscoreaceae), synonyms, geographical distribution in Nepal and northwest Himalayas, morphology and microscopic characteristics of its tubers/rhizomes. It also covers the plant's cultivation, chemical constituents including diosgenin, traditional medicinal uses to treat gastric issues, dysentery and as a source of steroidal drugs, and formulations/dosage. Safety of D. deltoidea is considered relatively low risk.
Dioscorea
This document discusses Dioscorea, a genus of plants also known as yams. It provides information on the biological source, cultivation, morphology, microscopy, chemical constituents, therapeutic uses, and marketed products of Dioscorea. Specifically, it notes that Dioscorea is the dried rhizome of various Dioscorea species native to regions including North America, Mexico, India, Nepal and China. Microscopically, Dioscorea has cortical parenchyma tissue and collateral vascular bundles. Its main chemical constituent is diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. Therapeutically, Dioscorea is used to manufacture progesterone and steroid drugs to treat disorders of the genitary organs as
Evaluation of crude drug microscopic evaluation
Evaluation of crude drugs is necessary to identify them, determine quality and purity, and detect adulteration. Microscopic evaluation specifically can identify organized drugs by histological characters using reagents or stains. It involves examining parameters like stomatal number and index, vein-islet and veinlet termination numbers, palisade ratios, and presence of structures like starch grains or calcium oxalate crystals through techniques like the Lycopodium spore method. This allows determination of purity, detection of adulterants, and differentiation of similar drugs.
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia ppt upload
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia serpentina, biological source, geographical source, marphology of roots and rhizome, microscopy of roots, chemical constituents- reserpine, uses -antihypertensive, isolation of reserpine, serpagandha, India snake root
Kurchi
Kurchi bark comes from the Holarrhena antidysentrica plant and is used in traditional Indian medicine. It contains several steroidal alkaloids, primarily conessine, that are effective against amoebic dysentery. The document outlines the names of kurchi bark in various Indian languages, where it is found in India, its physical characteristics, constituents including alkaloids and steroidal compounds, chemical tests to identify steroidal moieties, and its traditional therapeutic uses such as treating amoebiasis.
Pharmacognosy of Vinca
GPAT
Niper &
other pharma competative exams...
For more posts, follow us on .... be
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
Also follow us on...
Facebook @ Pharma Helpers
Whatsapp @ 8421773854 OR https://chat.whatsapp.com/FFVRcxiiqC91PvnEvmK2F1
Instagram @ https://www.instagram.com/p/COM-VYqJ3Xo/?igshid=1ac01ibq2sa2k
PTEROCARPUS- TANNINS
Tannins are one of the most widely occuring group of natural substances in different families of higher plants. They are of two types-
1. Hydrolysable
2. Condensed
The pterocarpus is an example of condensed tannins which are non-hydrolysable.
Pharmacognosy: Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
Describes in detail the complete biological source and synonyms of the plant Cinnamon. Gives important macroscopic characters and microscopic characters as seen in transverse and the lateral sections. Also gives important chemical constituents of the plant, its uses, difference between two species of Cinnamon: Cassia cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon and some marketed pharmaceutical preparations of Ceylon cinnamon.
Catechu
The document discusses two types of catechu: black catechu and pale catechu. Black catechu is produced from the heartwood of Acacia catechu through boiling and extraction. It contains catechin and turns black due to reaction with iron during production. Pale catechu comes from the leaves and shoots of Uncaria gambier through boiling and extraction. It is yellow-green in color and contains catechins, catechutannic acid, and catechu red. Both are used as astringents and in industries like dyeing and tanning.
Liquorice: Biological source, cultivation and collection, Morphology, microscopy
The document discusses liquorice, including its:
1) Biological source as the peeled and unpeeled stolons, roots, and stems of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
2) Cultivation requirements like a deep, fertile, moist soil and harvesting in autumn of the fourth year.
3) Morphology like a cylindrical shape, yellowish-brown color, and longitudinally wrinkled outer surface in unpeeled form.
Belladonna
Belladonna herb consists of dried leaves and other aerial parts of Atropa belladonna Linn. from the Solanaceae family. It is found in England, Europe, and the western Himalayas of India. Belladonna is cultivated at altitudes of 1400 m from crushed berries. The leaves are harvested and dried while retaining their green color. Belladonna contains alkaloids like hyoscyamine and atropine and is used as a sedative, to treat asthma, colic, motion sickness, and pain.
OPIUM POPPY DATA DOCUMENTS.ppt
Major project for B Pharm final year for nake to encourage your knowledge...and keep briefly discussed.
All the data which i gave or written on this document are totally valid or good for my personal knowledge.
Pharmacognasy B pharm vaska
This document summarizes the monographic analysis of the plant vasaka (Adhatoda vasica) for standardization purposes. It describes the plant's source as the leaves of Adhatoda vasica, and its main phytochemicals as the alkaloids vasicine, vasicol, adhatonine, vasicinone, and vasicinolone. The document also analyzes the plant's morphology, foreign matter content, moisture content, ash content, and vasicine content to standardize its quality and therapeutic uses as a bronchodilator and expectorant.
Rauwolfia
Rauwolfia serpentina, commonly known as Indian snakeroot or serpent wood, is a plant native to the Himalayan region. It contains several important alkaloids such as reserpine, ajmaline, and serpentine that have pharmacological effects including lowering blood pressure and acting as a sedative. The dried roots are used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat hypertension, anxiety, and intestinal disorders. The plant is cultivated for its medicinal properties, and its dried roots are an important crude drug that is exported internationally.
Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. It includes the isolation and analysis of phytochemicals from plants, studying the structure-activity relationships of compounds, using natural products as models for synthesizing new drugs, and investigating drugs used in traditional medicine. Some key areas are the isolation of active substances from plants, relating chemical structures to pharmacological effects, producing drugs through partial synthesis or biosynthesis of natural precursors, and exploring natural products' roles in drug discovery.
Microscopy of Rauwolfia
The presentation covers microscopic characteristics of Rauwolfia. The transverse section, powder microscopy, micro-chemical tests and chemical tests of Rauwolfia are discussed in video lecture. It is useful for preparation of competitive examinations like GPAT.
Nux vomica and khurchi
In this presentation i have tried to explain in detail about the nux vomica and khurchi bark. This presentation is useful for the individuals who are looking for information on this topic especially for those students who are studying Pharmacognosy.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Ginger is a botanical that originates from Zingiber officinale. It contains chemical constituents like gingerol and shogaol. Ginger has medicinal uses as an anti-bacterial, to decrease cholesterol and joint pain from arthritis, and as an anti-inflammatory. High doses of ginger can cause side effects like heartburn, diarrhea, and skin irritation when applied. Ginger can be consumed fresh, dried, or in teas and drinks, with most research using 250mg to 1g per day. Ginger may interact with anticoagulants, anti-diabetes drugs, and blood pressure medications.
Alkaloids
This document discusses different types of alkaloids, including their origin, chemical properties, and examples. It provides information on common chemical tests used to identify different alkaloids and lists specific alkaloids found in several important plant sources. Key types covered include indole, tropane, quinoline, quinazoline, proto/amino, and steroidal alkaloids. Common plants discussed include belladonna, cinchona, ergot, nux vomica, physostigma, rauwolfia, and vinca.
Refractive index
Refractive index, Refraction of light, Measurement of Refractive index, Refractometer, Abbe's refractometer
More Related Content
What's hot
Pharmacognosy OF LIQUORICE(Saponin Glycoside)
This document summarizes information about the plant liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It is grown in sub-Himalayan regions and parts of Europe. Microscopically, it exhibits cork layers, medullary rays, phloem fibers, xylem vessels and fibers, and parenchyma cells containing starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals. It contains saponin glycosides and glycyrrhetinic acid. Liquorice has demulcent, expectorant, and mineralocorticoid properties and is used in cough syrups, lozenges, and to mask bitter tastes in medicines. Its saponins aid absorption of some drugs. Adulterants include
Clove
Clove is the dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllus, a tree native to Indonesia and cultivated in India. The ideal climate is a cooler, humid tropical region with well-distributed rainfall. Cloves contain 15-20% volatile clove oil, which is composed mainly of eugenol. Cloves are harvested by hand when buds are plump but unopened, then dried. Cloves are used as a spice and for flavoring, and clove oil is used commercially to produce vanillin and as an antiseptic. Potential adulterants include clove stalks, exhausted cloves with low oil content, and blown clove flowers.
Dioscorea deltoida
This document provides information on the plant Dioscorea deltoidea. It discusses the plant's classification (genus Dioscorea, family Dioscoreaceae), synonyms, geographical distribution in Nepal and northwest Himalayas, morphology and microscopic characteristics of its tubers/rhizomes. It also covers the plant's cultivation, chemical constituents including diosgenin, traditional medicinal uses to treat gastric issues, dysentery and as a source of steroidal drugs, and formulations/dosage. Safety of D. deltoidea is considered relatively low risk.
Dioscorea
This document discusses Dioscorea, a genus of plants also known as yams. It provides information on the biological source, cultivation, morphology, microscopy, chemical constituents, therapeutic uses, and marketed products of Dioscorea. Specifically, it notes that Dioscorea is the dried rhizome of various Dioscorea species native to regions including North America, Mexico, India, Nepal and China. Microscopically, Dioscorea has cortical parenchyma tissue and collateral vascular bundles. Its main chemical constituent is diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. Therapeutically, Dioscorea is used to manufacture progesterone and steroid drugs to treat disorders of the genitary organs as
Evaluation of crude drug microscopic evaluation
Evaluation of crude drugs is necessary to identify them, determine quality and purity, and detect adulteration. Microscopic evaluation specifically can identify organized drugs by histological characters using reagents or stains. It involves examining parameters like stomatal number and index, vein-islet and veinlet termination numbers, palisade ratios, and presence of structures like starch grains or calcium oxalate crystals through techniques like the Lycopodium spore method. This allows determination of purity, detection of adulterants, and differentiation of similar drugs.
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia ppt upload
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia serpentina, biological source, geographical source, marphology of roots and rhizome, microscopy of roots, chemical constituents- reserpine, uses -antihypertensive, isolation of reserpine, serpagandha, India snake root
Kurchi
Kurchi bark comes from the Holarrhena antidysentrica plant and is used in traditional Indian medicine. It contains several steroidal alkaloids, primarily conessine, that are effective against amoebic dysentery. The document outlines the names of kurchi bark in various Indian languages, where it is found in India, its physical characteristics, constituents including alkaloids and steroidal compounds, chemical tests to identify steroidal moieties, and its traditional therapeutic uses such as treating amoebiasis.
Pharmacognosy of Vinca
GPAT
Niper &
other pharma competative exams...
For more posts, follow us on .... be
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
@pharmahelpers
Also follow us on...
Facebook @ Pharma Helpers
Whatsapp @ 8421773854 OR https://chat.whatsapp.com/FFVRcxiiqC91PvnEvmK2F1
Instagram @ https://www.instagram.com/p/COM-VYqJ3Xo/?igshid=1ac01ibq2sa2k
PTEROCARPUS- TANNINS
Tannins are one of the most widely occuring group of natural substances in different families of higher plants. They are of two types-
1. Hydrolysable
2. Condensed
The pterocarpus is an example of condensed tannins which are non-hydrolysable.
Pharmacognosy: Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
Describes in detail the complete biological source and synonyms of the plant Cinnamon. Gives important macroscopic characters and microscopic characters as seen in transverse and the lateral sections. Also gives important chemical constituents of the plant, its uses, difference between two species of Cinnamon: Cassia cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon and some marketed pharmaceutical preparations of Ceylon cinnamon.
Catechu
The document discusses two types of catechu: black catechu and pale catechu. Black catechu is produced from the heartwood of Acacia catechu through boiling and extraction. It contains catechin and turns black due to reaction with iron during production. Pale catechu comes from the leaves and shoots of Uncaria gambier through boiling and extraction. It is yellow-green in color and contains catechins, catechutannic acid, and catechu red. Both are used as astringents and in industries like dyeing and tanning.
Liquorice: Biological source, cultivation and collection, Morphology, microscopy
The document discusses liquorice, including its:
1) Biological source as the peeled and unpeeled stolons, roots, and stems of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
2) Cultivation requirements like a deep, fertile, moist soil and harvesting in autumn of the fourth year.
3) Morphology like a cylindrical shape, yellowish-brown color, and longitudinally wrinkled outer surface in unpeeled form.
Belladonna
Belladonna herb consists of dried leaves and other aerial parts of Atropa belladonna Linn. from the Solanaceae family. It is found in England, Europe, and the western Himalayas of India. Belladonna is cultivated at altitudes of 1400 m from crushed berries. The leaves are harvested and dried while retaining their green color. Belladonna contains alkaloids like hyoscyamine and atropine and is used as a sedative, to treat asthma, colic, motion sickness, and pain.
OPIUM POPPY DATA DOCUMENTS.ppt
Major project for B Pharm final year for nake to encourage your knowledge...and keep briefly discussed.
All the data which i gave or written on this document are totally valid or good for my personal knowledge.
Pharmacognasy B pharm vaska
This document summarizes the monographic analysis of the plant vasaka (Adhatoda vasica) for standardization purposes. It describes the plant's source as the leaves of Adhatoda vasica, and its main phytochemicals as the alkaloids vasicine, vasicol, adhatonine, vasicinone, and vasicinolone. The document also analyzes the plant's morphology, foreign matter content, moisture content, ash content, and vasicine content to standardize its quality and therapeutic uses as a bronchodilator and expectorant.
Rauwolfia
Rauwolfia serpentina, commonly known as Indian snakeroot or serpent wood, is a plant native to the Himalayan region. It contains several important alkaloids such as reserpine, ajmaline, and serpentine that have pharmacological effects including lowering blood pressure and acting as a sedative. The dried roots are used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat hypertension, anxiety, and intestinal disorders. The plant is cultivated for its medicinal properties, and its dried roots are an important crude drug that is exported internationally.
Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. It includes the isolation and analysis of phytochemicals from plants, studying the structure-activity relationships of compounds, using natural products as models for synthesizing new drugs, and investigating drugs used in traditional medicine. Some key areas are the isolation of active substances from plants, relating chemical structures to pharmacological effects, producing drugs through partial synthesis or biosynthesis of natural precursors, and exploring natural products' roles in drug discovery.
Microscopy of Rauwolfia
The presentation covers microscopic characteristics of Rauwolfia. The transverse section, powder microscopy, micro-chemical tests and chemical tests of Rauwolfia are discussed in video lecture. It is useful for preparation of competitive examinations like GPAT.
Nux vomica and khurchi
In this presentation i have tried to explain in detail about the nux vomica and khurchi bark. This presentation is useful for the individuals who are looking for information on this topic especially for those students who are studying Pharmacognosy.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Ginger is a botanical that originates from Zingiber officinale. It contains chemical constituents like gingerol and shogaol. Ginger has medicinal uses as an anti-bacterial, to decrease cholesterol and joint pain from arthritis, and as an anti-inflammatory. High doses of ginger can cause side effects like heartburn, diarrhea, and skin irritation when applied. Ginger can be consumed fresh, dried, or in teas and drinks, with most research using 250mg to 1g per day. Ginger may interact with anticoagulants, anti-diabetes drugs, and blood pressure medications.
What's hot (20)
Liquorice: Biological source, cultivation and collection, Morphology, microscopy
Liquorice: Biological source, cultivation and collection, Morphology, microscopy
More from vipul sansare
Alkaloids
This document discusses different types of alkaloids, including their origin, chemical properties, and examples. It provides information on common chemical tests used to identify different alkaloids and lists specific alkaloids found in several important plant sources. Key types covered include indole, tropane, quinoline, quinazoline, proto/amino, and steroidal alkaloids. Common plants discussed include belladonna, cinchona, ergot, nux vomica, physostigma, rauwolfia, and vinca.
Refractive index
Refractive index, Refraction of light, Measurement of Refractive index, Refractometer, Abbe's refractometer
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier based Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) of Anti TB drug.
This document presents a study on the development of rifampicin (RIF) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for pulmonary delivery to treat tuberculosis. Key points:
1. RIF-loaded NLCs were developed and characterized to target infected alveolar macrophages. A ligand-conjugated formulation was also designed for active targeting.
2. Analytical methods for RIF were standardized and validated. Excipients were screened to optimize the lipid composition. A 3^3 Box-Behnken design was used to optimize formulation variables.
3. The developed NLCs showed high entrapment efficiency and appropriate size for lung delivery. A spray drying technique was used to
Mass spectrometry
This document discusses different types of mass analyzers used in mass spectrometry. It describes the working of time-of-flight (TOF), quadrupole, ion trap, Q-TOF, ion cyclotron resonance, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass analyzers. It provides details about their principles, instrumentation, advantages, limitations, and applications.
Chiral chromatography
Chiral Chromatography separates enantiomers using chiral stationary phases. It is the most effective method for resolving stereoisomers that have different biological activities. Various types of chiral stationary phases are used, including proteins, cyclodextrins, cellulose, amylose and macrocyclic glycopeptides bonded to silica. These phases interact differently with enantiomers through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions and other forces. Direct separation on chiral stationary phases or indirect separation after pre-column derivatization can resolve enantiomers that are important to analyze for pharmaceuticals.
Modified liposomes
Modified liposomes can be prepared with ligands, polymers, or peptides attached to increase drug targeting, circulation longevity, and stability. This includes PEGylation to prevent opsonization, galactose modification to target macrophages, and pH-sensitive polymers or peptides like RGD to modify cell interactions and targeting. Peptide and polymer modifications can enhance liposome association with cells and facilitate endosomal escape of encapsulated antigens or drugs.
More from vipul sansare (6)
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier based Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) of Anti TB drug.
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier based Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) of Anti TB drug.
Recently uploaded
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Stack Memory Organization of 8086 Microprocessor
The stack memory organization of 8086 microprocessor.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Recently uploaded (20)
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Microscopy of kurchi
- 1. Microscopy of Kurchi bark Mr. Vipul. A. Sansare M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics) Contact No. :8692930764 Email :avipulsansare@gmail.com
- 2. Synonym: Holarrhena, Kurchi BS: Dried stem bark of the Holarrhena antidysentrica Family: Apocynaceae. Collected from plants of 8 to 12 years old.
- 3. Chemical constituents: Contain NLT 2% of alkaloids. Alkaloids like Conessine (30%), Norconessine, Isoconessine and kurchicine. Uses: Antiprotozoal in dysentery and malaria, astringent and tonic
- 4. T.S. of kurchi bark
- 5. Powder microscopy • Cork cells: Thin walled, few are colourless and few with yellowish brown matter. • Stone cells: Rectangular to oval shape, lignified, striated walls. • Medullary rays: Parenchyma cell at right angle • Starch grains: Few, simple grains. • Calcium oxalate crystals: Rhombic /diamond shape. • Phloem fibres are absent.
- 6. Micro-chemical tests Reagent Observations Characteristics Phloroglucinol + conc. HCl Pink colour Lignified stone cells Iodine solution Blue colour Starch Conc. Sulphuric acid Green colour Stone cells Dil acetic acid Insoluble Calcium oxalate crystals Dil. Hydrochloric acid Crystal soluble Calcium oxalate crystals Sulphuric acid (60%) Needles of calcium sulphate crystals form on standing Calcium oxalate crystals
- 7. Chemical tests General chemical tests for alkaloids