Micropropagation through callus involves inducing callus formation from explants on culture media. This allows for the multiplication of plantlets through either cell suspension cultures or isolated protoplasts, creating clones like calliclones and protoclones. The successful multiplication of shoots requires optimizing conditions related to the physiological status of the plant material, composition of the culture media, culture environment, and genotype. Acclimatization is then needed to transfer the plantlets to soil.

1. Micropropogation

7. 5. Multiplication through callus

28. Multiplication through callus
In vitro propagation via organogenetic or embryogenetic calli is
unavoidable in some economically important species like cereals,
legumes, coffee, forest tress.
The production of many thousands of plant lets from calli either
derived from cell suspension or isolated protoplast constitute
unique case of cloning, such as calliclones and protoclones.

29. Factors affecting shoot multiplication
 Necessitates for optimization of condition associated with in vitro
vegetative plant propagation
1. Physiological status of plant material
2. Culture media
3. Culture environment
4. Genotype
Physiological status of plant material
 Recently produced rather than older explants
 Donor plant natural propagation , wrt season and growth stage

30. Culture media
Standard tissue culture media
Minerals
Nutrients
Growth regulator
Gelling agents
Culture environment
 temperature
Environment
 light
Genotype
Screening and selection of genotype among segregation population is useful – for
improvement of micro propogation

31. Acclimatization and transfer of plants to soil