Microbial antibiotics
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This document discusses microbial antibiotics. It defines antibiotics as substances derived from microorganisms or produced synthetically that destroy or limit the growth of living organisms. It then covers the classification of antibiotics based on their chemical structure, bacterial spectrum of activity, origin, mode of action, and effects. Various classes of antibiotics are described based on their chemical composition and origins such as carbohydrate-containing antibiotics, aminoglycosides, and those derived from actinomycetes and fungi. Their modes of action include inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and folic acid synthesis. Effects can be bacteriostatic by inhibiting growth or bactericidal by killing bacteria. Administration routes include oral, intravenous, and parenteral delivery
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Classification of antimicrobial drugs
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3. Antimicrobials can be classified as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, or anthelmintic depending on the type of microbe they primarily target. They may have narrow, broad, or intermediate spectrums of activity.
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This document discusses antibiotic resistance and its management. It defines antibiotic resistance as when microorganisms become resistant to drugs that previously treated infections from them. It outlines various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and lists priority resistant bacteria. It also discusses superbugs and different strategies to manage antibiotic resistance like prudent antibiotic use, infection control, developing new drugs, and reducing agricultural overuse of antibiotics.
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Antibiotics classification on bases of mode of action and industrial production
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Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
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Microbial antibiotics
- 1. MICROBIAL ANTIBIOTICS Presented by, A. Raihanathus Sahdhiyya, II M.Sc., Microbiology
- 2. What is an Antibiotic?? “ Substances derived from a microorganisms or produced synthetically, that destroys or limits the growth of a living organism ”
- 3. Classification Chemical structure Bacterial Spectrum of activity Origin Mode of action Effects of their activity Route of administration
- 4. Chemical structure Carbohydrate containing Antibiotics Pure Saccharides antibiotics Aminoglycosides N/O Glycosides Macrocyclic lactone antibiotics Quinolones antibiotics N- containing heterocyclic antibiotics O- containing heterocyclic antibiotics Alicyclic antibiotics Aromatic antibiotics Aliphatic amine antibiotics Peptide antibiotics
- 6. Bacterial spectrum of activity Active towards relatively fewer microorganisms Narrow spectrum Active against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria except Pseudomonas and Mycobacteria Broad spectrum Active against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria Narrow- broad spectrum Active towards Gram positive bacteria as well as some systemic and UTI causing Gram negative bacteria Moderate spectrum
- 7. Origin Bacillus polymyxa: Polymyxin Chromobacter violaceum: Bacitracin Micromonospora spp: Gentamycin Bacterial Origin Streptomyces griseus: Streptomycin S. venezuelue: Chloramphenicol S. erythreus: Erythromycin S. mediterranae: Rifampicin S. venezuelae: Chloramphenicol Actinomycetes origin Penicillium notatum: Penicillin Cephalosporin spp: Cephalosporin Fungal origin
- 8. Mode of action Beta-lactum; Penicillin, Bacitracin , Cycloserine, Phosphomycin, Cephalosporin, Vancomycin Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis / Peptidoglycan inhibitor Streptomycin, Aminoglycosides, Fusidic acid, Tetracycline, Mupirocin, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides Inhibitor of protein synthesis Quinolones, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Metronidazole, Nitrofurantoin Inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis Sulfonamide Trimethoprim Inhibitor of folic acid synthesis Polymyxin; Colistin Inhibitor of Cytoplasmic membrane
- 10. Inhibits the growth of Bacteria Examples: Sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, Lincosamide Effects of their activity Kills Bacteria Examples: Aminoglycosides, Penicillin, Cephalosporin Bactericidal Bacteriostatic
- 11. Route of administration Oral Intravenous administration Examples; Penicillin G Parenteral Acid stable antibiotics Examples; Penicillin V