This document analyzes the power required to pump 565 L/s of water through a 91m long pipe with an internal diameter of 200mm.
Given the flow rate, pipe dimensions, and fluid properties, the head loss due to friction and fittings is calculated to be 155.5m.
Using this head loss along with the flow rate and fluid properties in an energy balance equation, the required pumping power is calculated to be approximately 717 kW.
This document provides an overview of basic hydraulic concepts and one-dimensional design techniques for centrifugal pumps. It defines key terms like specific speed, Euler equations, velocity triangles, and slip. It also provides equations and charts for calculating design parameters like impeller diameter, discharge width, meridional velocities, and head. The design process involves calculating specific speed, selecting the number of vanes, solving for impeller diameter, and using constants to determine other geometry and flow properties.
This document describes fluid flow between concentric cylinders. A cylinder of radius ri rotates inside a stationary outer cylinder of radius r0. The gap is filled with a Newtonian fluid with viscosity ρ kg/m3. It finds the velocity and shear stress profiles as functions of r and fluid properties. The velocity only has a tangential component Vθ that depends on r. Shear stress τrθ also only depends on r. The required torque T to rotate the inner cylinder is calculated as 4πμΩL[(r0ri)2/r02 - ri2].
- Water is flowing from tank A to tank B through a pipe system as shown in the figure. The vertical distance between the surfaces of the two tanks is 10 m.
- The pipe diameters are 90.9 mm and 165.2 mm. Total pipe lengths are 55 m and 30 m respectively.
- The problem is to determine the volumetric flow rate of water given the system dimensions and properties.
- Francis turbines are radial flow turbines used in hydroelectric power generation. They have adjustable guide vanes and runners that control water flow.
- Key dimensions include the diameters and widths at the inlet and outlet, as well as the rotational speed. These dimensions are calculated based on design criteria like flow rate, head, and hydraulic efficiency.
- Dimensions are chosen to satisfy requirements for net positive suction head (NPSH) and minimize hydraulic losses while maintaining high hydraulic efficiency.
This document summarizes a problem involving the analysis of a centrifugal pump system. The pump impels 300 L/min of water at 20°C through 500m of piping with elbows. The following key values are given: pump speed of 1490 rpm, total head of 56.79 m, total efficiency of 75%, and outlet pressure of 5.5 bar. The problem involves calculating: (1) the power imparted to the water, (2) the drive power required by the pump, (3) the drive torque, and (4) the pressure at a point 24m after the piping. A series of fluid mechanics equations are used, including Bernoulli's equation and equations for friction loss, to
previous year question of Indian Engineering services 2020deepa sahu
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions related to engineering concepts such as thermodynamics, heat transfer, refrigeration, machining, quality control, and project management. The questions cover topics like calculating the power required to pump heat out of a freezer, determining the rate of energy loss due to pressure drop in an ideal gas, and identifying definitions related to refrigeration cycles, machining processes, quality sampling techniques, and project scheduling floats.
This document describes the design process for a Pelton turbine. It begins with the key dimensions and equations for Pelton turbines. It then provides an example of dimensioning a Pelton turbine with the given parameters of flow rate, head, and power output. The process involves choosing values for variables like number of nozzles and buckets, then calculating dimensions like jet diameter, runner diameter, and speed based on the design equations.
This document analyzes the power required to pump 565 L/s of water through a 91m long pipe with an internal diameter of 200mm.
Given the flow rate, pipe dimensions, and fluid properties, the head loss due to friction and fittings is calculated to be 155.5m.
Using this head loss along with the flow rate and fluid properties in an energy balance equation, the required pumping power is calculated to be approximately 717 kW.
This document provides an overview of basic hydraulic concepts and one-dimensional design techniques for centrifugal pumps. It defines key terms like specific speed, Euler equations, velocity triangles, and slip. It also provides equations and charts for calculating design parameters like impeller diameter, discharge width, meridional velocities, and head. The design process involves calculating specific speed, selecting the number of vanes, solving for impeller diameter, and using constants to determine other geometry and flow properties.
This document describes fluid flow between concentric cylinders. A cylinder of radius ri rotates inside a stationary outer cylinder of radius r0. The gap is filled with a Newtonian fluid with viscosity ρ kg/m3. It finds the velocity and shear stress profiles as functions of r and fluid properties. The velocity only has a tangential component Vθ that depends on r. Shear stress τrθ also only depends on r. The required torque T to rotate the inner cylinder is calculated as 4πμΩL[(r0ri)2/r02 - ri2].
- Water is flowing from tank A to tank B through a pipe system as shown in the figure. The vertical distance between the surfaces of the two tanks is 10 m.
- The pipe diameters are 90.9 mm and 165.2 mm. Total pipe lengths are 55 m and 30 m respectively.
- The problem is to determine the volumetric flow rate of water given the system dimensions and properties.
- Francis turbines are radial flow turbines used in hydroelectric power generation. They have adjustable guide vanes and runners that control water flow.
- Key dimensions include the diameters and widths at the inlet and outlet, as well as the rotational speed. These dimensions are calculated based on design criteria like flow rate, head, and hydraulic efficiency.
- Dimensions are chosen to satisfy requirements for net positive suction head (NPSH) and minimize hydraulic losses while maintaining high hydraulic efficiency.
This document summarizes a problem involving the analysis of a centrifugal pump system. The pump impels 300 L/min of water at 20°C through 500m of piping with elbows. The following key values are given: pump speed of 1490 rpm, total head of 56.79 m, total efficiency of 75%, and outlet pressure of 5.5 bar. The problem involves calculating: (1) the power imparted to the water, (2) the drive power required by the pump, (3) the drive torque, and (4) the pressure at a point 24m after the piping. A series of fluid mechanics equations are used, including Bernoulli's equation and equations for friction loss, to
previous year question of Indian Engineering services 2020deepa sahu
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions related to engineering concepts such as thermodynamics, heat transfer, refrigeration, machining, quality control, and project management. The questions cover topics like calculating the power required to pump heat out of a freezer, determining the rate of energy loss due to pressure drop in an ideal gas, and identifying definitions related to refrigeration cycles, machining processes, quality sampling techniques, and project scheduling floats.
This document describes the design process for a Pelton turbine. It begins with the key dimensions and equations for Pelton turbines. It then provides an example of dimensioning a Pelton turbine with the given parameters of flow rate, head, and power output. The process involves choosing values for variables like number of nozzles and buckets, then calculating dimensions like jet diameter, runner diameter, and speed based on the design equations.
1) The document presents a fluid mechanics problem involving the calculation of the volumetric flow rate of kerosene flowing through a pipe system.
2) The pipe system consists of 30 meters of copper pipe with two 90-degree elbows, connecting a tank A (at 150 kPa pressure) to tank B.
3) An iterative method is used to calculate the average flow velocity based on equations for pressure loss due to friction and fittings, and Bernoulli's equation.
4) The final calculated volumetric flow rate is approximately 493 liters per minute.
The document provides information on the dimensions and performance of Kaplan turbines, including diagrams showing dimensions such as diameter, blade height and spacing for turbines in Nigeria and Chile. It also contains graphs depicting hydraulic efficiency and cavitation effects in relation to parameters like speed and blade angle. The example calculation at the end demonstrates how to determine the diameter, blade height and number of vanes given design criteria like power output, head and flow rate.
This document discusses flow in parallel pipes and provides examples of calculating flow rates and pressure drops in multi-pipe systems. It includes:
1) An overview of the Bernoulli equation and how it is used to calculate pressure drops and flow rates in pipes.
2) An example problem calculating the flow rate in one pipe and how it changes when adding a second parallel pipe.
3) Additional example problems involving complex pipe networks with multiple branches, calculating flow rates, pressures, and the power required to pump fluid through the system.
This document solves a fluid mechanics problem involving compressible one-dimensional flow. It estimates (a) the Mach number at section 1 of a pipe and (b) the pressure inside a tank. It first calculates the Mach number M2 and conditions at section 2, using isentropic nozzle flow equations. It then uses the Fanno flow equation to calculate the maximum possible length Lmax1. Finally, it calculates the Mach number M1 at section 1 and the stagnation pressure and pressure inside the tank.
This document provides calculations to determine pressure losses between points in a piping system. It includes formulas for determining friction factor and Reynolds number. Pressure losses are calculated between each segment using the friction factor and flow properties. The total pressure loss calculated across the entire system is 1.414 bar. Key variables considered include pipe diameter, flow rate, fluid properties, and fittings. Friction factors are estimated based on pipe size from 0.0115 to 0.0135.
This document describes experiments to measure flow rate using different methods. It discusses using the volumetric method to calibrate a rotameter by measuring the volume of water collected over time. It also evaluates using a Venturi tube and orifice plate, where the pressure difference is measured to calculate the ideal and real flow rates based on discharge and flow coefficients derived from calibration curves. The procedures involve collecting data at various flow rates set on the rotameter, performing calculations, and analyzing results to compare measured and calculated flow rates and determine measurement errors.
This document provides calculations for the capacities, volumes, and weights of components in an offshore well. It includes:
1) Calculations of internal string volumes, annular volumes, and wellbore volumes based on tubular dimensions.
2) Calculations of displacement volumes for individual components and the total string based on wall thicknesses, diameters, and lengths.
3) Calculations of component and total string weights in mud based on tubular dimensions, material density, and a buoyancy factor.
The document contains input data for tubular dimensions and properties, and outputs detailed volumetric and mass calculations for well design and drilling fluid management.
The document summarizes key concepts in fluid mechanics including:
1) Types of fluid flow such as steady, unsteady, uniform, and non-uniform flow. It also discusses the continuity, Bernoulli, and momentum equations used to solve fluid problems.
2) Applications of Bernoulli's equation such as flow over weirs, through orifices and pipes, and venturi meters. It also discusses concepts like total energy, hydraulic grade line, and more.
3) Examples are provided calculating velocity, pressure, flow rates, and more at different points in pipe systems using the governing equations.
1) The document describes deriving a unit hydrograph from a storm hydrograph for a catchment area that experienced two rainfall events - a 3 cm storm followed by a 2 cm storm.
2) The resulting direct runoff hydrograph (DRH) is calculated using the principle of superposition, by combining the individual DRHs from each rainfall event at each time step.
3) The summary provides an example calculation of the 5 cm DRH at 3 hours, which is the sum of the 3 cm DRH (75 cm) and 2 cm DRH (0 cm) at that time.
The Number of transfer units (NTU) method
is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer
in heat exchangers when there is insufficient
information to calculate the Log-mean
temperature difference (LMTD).
The document contains questions related to gas dynamics and jet propulsion. It covers topics such as compressible and incompressible fluids, stagnation pressure and temperature, Mach number, zones of action and silence, open and closed systems, intensive and extensive properties, shock waves, normal and oblique shocks, jet and rocket propulsion, rocket engine classifications, specific impulse, specific consumption, thrust coefficient, propulsive efficiency, Fanno and Rayleigh flows, and one-dimensional isentropic flow through nozzles, ducts, and diffusers. The questions range from definitions and differentiations to derivations and multi-step calculations involving isentropic flow equations.
The document discusses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow around a void or empty space using MATLAB. It describes governing equations for fluid momentum and energy that are solved using finite difference methods. The analysis involves simultaneous solution of the unsteady equations over time. Sample MATLAB code is shown that loads data, defines parameters, iterates the calculations over 3D spatial domains, and saves updated velocity, pressure and other field variable data. Results are shown as pressure profiles indicating higher pressure outside the void that decreases to near zero inside, and a visualization of the shrinking void size over time.
1) The document discusses sewer hydraulics and the Manning equation used to calculate flow parameters in sanitary sewers.
2) It provides equations for calculating velocity and flow rate in full pipes and partially full pipes, as well as relationships between partial and full flow parameters.
3) An example problem demonstrates using the relationships to calculate the pipe diameter needed given a design flow rate, slope, and partial flow depth; and a second example solves the same using nomographs and partial flow curves for a simpler approach.
DSD-INT 2016 The unsaturated zone MetaSWAP-package - Van WalsumDeltares
The document describes the MetaSWAP package, which provides a simplified representation of unsaturated zone processes in MODFLOW. MetaSWAP uses pre-computed steady-state soil moisture profiles to represent the unsaturated zone in aggregation boxes coupled to MODFLOW. This allows for faster simulations than fully solving Richards' equation at each time step. MetaSWAP determines vertical fluxes between boxes and the water balance within each box. It couples to MODFLOW through a shared groundwater-unsaturated zone control volume, using dynamic storage coefficients. Comparisons to Richards equation model SWAP show MetaSWAP provides accurate simulations of soil moisture and recharge at significantly reduced computation times.
1) The air temperature is 473 K, pressure is 2 MPa, and velocity is 140 m/s at one point in an insulated duct. The pressure decreases to 1.26 MPa downstream due to friction.
2) Using equations for compressible flow, the temperature is calculated to be 460 K where the pressure is 1.26 MPa.
3) The duct length between these two points is calculated to be 30.71 m.
Axial compressor theory - stage-wise isentropic efficiency - 18th March 2010CangTo Cheah
This document discusses the theory of stage-wise isentropic efficiency in axial compressors. It covers determining the pitch and chord between blades, calculating the number of blades based on pitch, and formulas for static pressure rise and forces acting on cascades, including lift and drag forces. Graphs are presented for mean deflection and stagnation pressure loss as functions of incidence angle. The document aims to calculate coefficients for drag, lift, and loss based on these graphs and the presented formulas.
Axial compressor - variation of rotor and stator angles from root to tip - 4t...CangTo Cheah
The document discusses the theory behind how rotor and stator angles in an axial compressor vary from the root to the tip. It presents equations showing how angles, velocities, and other parameters change based on radial position. The analysis aims to evaluate these variations while maintaining constant specific work input at all radii, which provides a constant stage pressure ratio up to the blade height. The equations derived indicate that for certain rotor and stator velocity distributions, the two design conditions of constant specific work input and arbitrary whirl velocity profiles are compatible.
Applied thermodynamics by mc conkey (ed 5, ch-12)anasimdad007
A reciprocating compressor takes in a gas and delivers it at a higher pressure through the cyclic action of pistons in cylinders. There are two main types - single-acting and double-acting. The compression process can follow different thermodynamic paths like isothermal, polytropic, or isentropic on a pressure-volume or temperature-entropy diagram. Isothermal compression provides the minimum work and highest efficiency. The indicated power and efficiency of a reciprocating compressor depends on parameters like mass flow rate, inlet and outlet pressures and temperatures, and the compression process path.
The document provides details on the design process for a centrifugal pump given specific head, flow rate, and speed requirements provided by the client. Key steps include:
1) Calculating hydraulic parameters like flow rate, horsepower required, and shaft torque to size the shaft diameter.
2) Designing dimensions of the impeller like eye diameter, inlet and outlet angles, and widths to achieve the required flow while minimizing leakage losses.
3) Iteratively adjusting dimensions like impeller diameter until the calculated head matches the specified head within an acceptable tolerance.
1) The document presents a fluid mechanics problem involving the calculation of the volumetric flow rate of kerosene flowing through a pipe system.
2) The pipe system consists of 30 meters of copper pipe with two 90-degree elbows, connecting a tank A (at 150 kPa pressure) to tank B.
3) An iterative method is used to calculate the average flow velocity based on equations for pressure loss due to friction and fittings, and Bernoulli's equation.
4) The final calculated volumetric flow rate is approximately 493 liters per minute.
The document provides information on the dimensions and performance of Kaplan turbines, including diagrams showing dimensions such as diameter, blade height and spacing for turbines in Nigeria and Chile. It also contains graphs depicting hydraulic efficiency and cavitation effects in relation to parameters like speed and blade angle. The example calculation at the end demonstrates how to determine the diameter, blade height and number of vanes given design criteria like power output, head and flow rate.
This document discusses flow in parallel pipes and provides examples of calculating flow rates and pressure drops in multi-pipe systems. It includes:
1) An overview of the Bernoulli equation and how it is used to calculate pressure drops and flow rates in pipes.
2) An example problem calculating the flow rate in one pipe and how it changes when adding a second parallel pipe.
3) Additional example problems involving complex pipe networks with multiple branches, calculating flow rates, pressures, and the power required to pump fluid through the system.
This document solves a fluid mechanics problem involving compressible one-dimensional flow. It estimates (a) the Mach number at section 1 of a pipe and (b) the pressure inside a tank. It first calculates the Mach number M2 and conditions at section 2, using isentropic nozzle flow equations. It then uses the Fanno flow equation to calculate the maximum possible length Lmax1. Finally, it calculates the Mach number M1 at section 1 and the stagnation pressure and pressure inside the tank.
This document provides calculations to determine pressure losses between points in a piping system. It includes formulas for determining friction factor and Reynolds number. Pressure losses are calculated between each segment using the friction factor and flow properties. The total pressure loss calculated across the entire system is 1.414 bar. Key variables considered include pipe diameter, flow rate, fluid properties, and fittings. Friction factors are estimated based on pipe size from 0.0115 to 0.0135.
This document describes experiments to measure flow rate using different methods. It discusses using the volumetric method to calibrate a rotameter by measuring the volume of water collected over time. It also evaluates using a Venturi tube and orifice plate, where the pressure difference is measured to calculate the ideal and real flow rates based on discharge and flow coefficients derived from calibration curves. The procedures involve collecting data at various flow rates set on the rotameter, performing calculations, and analyzing results to compare measured and calculated flow rates and determine measurement errors.
This document provides calculations for the capacities, volumes, and weights of components in an offshore well. It includes:
1) Calculations of internal string volumes, annular volumes, and wellbore volumes based on tubular dimensions.
2) Calculations of displacement volumes for individual components and the total string based on wall thicknesses, diameters, and lengths.
3) Calculations of component and total string weights in mud based on tubular dimensions, material density, and a buoyancy factor.
The document contains input data for tubular dimensions and properties, and outputs detailed volumetric and mass calculations for well design and drilling fluid management.
The document summarizes key concepts in fluid mechanics including:
1) Types of fluid flow such as steady, unsteady, uniform, and non-uniform flow. It also discusses the continuity, Bernoulli, and momentum equations used to solve fluid problems.
2) Applications of Bernoulli's equation such as flow over weirs, through orifices and pipes, and venturi meters. It also discusses concepts like total energy, hydraulic grade line, and more.
3) Examples are provided calculating velocity, pressure, flow rates, and more at different points in pipe systems using the governing equations.
1) The document describes deriving a unit hydrograph from a storm hydrograph for a catchment area that experienced two rainfall events - a 3 cm storm followed by a 2 cm storm.
2) The resulting direct runoff hydrograph (DRH) is calculated using the principle of superposition, by combining the individual DRHs from each rainfall event at each time step.
3) The summary provides an example calculation of the 5 cm DRH at 3 hours, which is the sum of the 3 cm DRH (75 cm) and 2 cm DRH (0 cm) at that time.
The Number of transfer units (NTU) method
is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer
in heat exchangers when there is insufficient
information to calculate the Log-mean
temperature difference (LMTD).
The document contains questions related to gas dynamics and jet propulsion. It covers topics such as compressible and incompressible fluids, stagnation pressure and temperature, Mach number, zones of action and silence, open and closed systems, intensive and extensive properties, shock waves, normal and oblique shocks, jet and rocket propulsion, rocket engine classifications, specific impulse, specific consumption, thrust coefficient, propulsive efficiency, Fanno and Rayleigh flows, and one-dimensional isentropic flow through nozzles, ducts, and diffusers. The questions range from definitions and differentiations to derivations and multi-step calculations involving isentropic flow equations.
The document discusses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow around a void or empty space using MATLAB. It describes governing equations for fluid momentum and energy that are solved using finite difference methods. The analysis involves simultaneous solution of the unsteady equations over time. Sample MATLAB code is shown that loads data, defines parameters, iterates the calculations over 3D spatial domains, and saves updated velocity, pressure and other field variable data. Results are shown as pressure profiles indicating higher pressure outside the void that decreases to near zero inside, and a visualization of the shrinking void size over time.
1) The document discusses sewer hydraulics and the Manning equation used to calculate flow parameters in sanitary sewers.
2) It provides equations for calculating velocity and flow rate in full pipes and partially full pipes, as well as relationships between partial and full flow parameters.
3) An example problem demonstrates using the relationships to calculate the pipe diameter needed given a design flow rate, slope, and partial flow depth; and a second example solves the same using nomographs and partial flow curves for a simpler approach.
DSD-INT 2016 The unsaturated zone MetaSWAP-package - Van WalsumDeltares
The document describes the MetaSWAP package, which provides a simplified representation of unsaturated zone processes in MODFLOW. MetaSWAP uses pre-computed steady-state soil moisture profiles to represent the unsaturated zone in aggregation boxes coupled to MODFLOW. This allows for faster simulations than fully solving Richards' equation at each time step. MetaSWAP determines vertical fluxes between boxes and the water balance within each box. It couples to MODFLOW through a shared groundwater-unsaturated zone control volume, using dynamic storage coefficients. Comparisons to Richards equation model SWAP show MetaSWAP provides accurate simulations of soil moisture and recharge at significantly reduced computation times.
1) The air temperature is 473 K, pressure is 2 MPa, and velocity is 140 m/s at one point in an insulated duct. The pressure decreases to 1.26 MPa downstream due to friction.
2) Using equations for compressible flow, the temperature is calculated to be 460 K where the pressure is 1.26 MPa.
3) The duct length between these two points is calculated to be 30.71 m.
Axial compressor theory - stage-wise isentropic efficiency - 18th March 2010CangTo Cheah
This document discusses the theory of stage-wise isentropic efficiency in axial compressors. It covers determining the pitch and chord between blades, calculating the number of blades based on pitch, and formulas for static pressure rise and forces acting on cascades, including lift and drag forces. Graphs are presented for mean deflection and stagnation pressure loss as functions of incidence angle. The document aims to calculate coefficients for drag, lift, and loss based on these graphs and the presented formulas.
Axial compressor - variation of rotor and stator angles from root to tip - 4t...CangTo Cheah
The document discusses the theory behind how rotor and stator angles in an axial compressor vary from the root to the tip. It presents equations showing how angles, velocities, and other parameters change based on radial position. The analysis aims to evaluate these variations while maintaining constant specific work input at all radii, which provides a constant stage pressure ratio up to the blade height. The equations derived indicate that for certain rotor and stator velocity distributions, the two design conditions of constant specific work input and arbitrary whirl velocity profiles are compatible.
Applied thermodynamics by mc conkey (ed 5, ch-12)anasimdad007
A reciprocating compressor takes in a gas and delivers it at a higher pressure through the cyclic action of pistons in cylinders. There are two main types - single-acting and double-acting. The compression process can follow different thermodynamic paths like isothermal, polytropic, or isentropic on a pressure-volume or temperature-entropy diagram. Isothermal compression provides the minimum work and highest efficiency. The indicated power and efficiency of a reciprocating compressor depends on parameters like mass flow rate, inlet and outlet pressures and temperatures, and the compression process path.
The document provides details on the design process for a centrifugal pump given specific head, flow rate, and speed requirements provided by the client. Key steps include:
1) Calculating hydraulic parameters like flow rate, horsepower required, and shaft torque to size the shaft diameter.
2) Designing dimensions of the impeller like eye diameter, inlet and outlet angles, and widths to achieve the required flow while minimizing leakage losses.
3) Iteratively adjusting dimensions like impeller diameter until the calculated head matches the specified head within an acceptable tolerance.
Rudder Control Analysis / Hydraulic Pump AnalysisAndrè G. Odu
The objective of the lab is to analyze the performance of a hydraulic pump, responsible for the transfer of fluid between two tanks at a constant flow, in function of its rotational speed.
As the RPM vary from 0 to 4000 we are mainly interested in studying the speed, flow rate and pressures when entering and exiting the pump, the coefficient of head losses associated with the delivery duct, the required hydraulic power and the hydraulic power generated.
As the lab progresses, we find ourselves needing to solve the problem of cavitation that manifests itself in the aspiration duct, and are asked to calculate the plate angle of orientation when the cylinders are placed along a circumference with diameter of 60mm.
The objective of the lab is to analyze the operativity of an actuator used to control the movements of an Airbus A320 rudder.
The Airbus A320 uses three actuators with double redundancy, each of which is designed to control the mobile surface independently.
Given the opposing moment that must be overcome we can calculate the muscular force required to control the mobile surface, from which we can determine the dimensional specifics for the actuator that will be introduced, the equations of operation and the approximate time required to complete the movement.
This document summarizes experimental work characterizing two-phase flow in centrifugal pumps. Small pressure sensors were used to measure pressure distributions in an impeller, diffuser, and volute under varying air-water flow conditions. High-speed photography was also used. Analytical models were developed to predict single- and two-phase pressure distributions, and compared to test data. Previous related pump test programs are also summarized. Equations for analyzing single-phase pump performance and predicting pressure rises in the suction, impeller, diffuser, and volute are provided.
Engine theory and calculations document discusses:
1. Important engine components and their functions like cylinder, piston, crankshaft etc.
2. Key engine parameters - bore, stroke, swept volume, clearance volume, compression ratio.
3. Working of 4-stroke and 2-stroke engine cycles in 3 steps each.
4. Performance parameters - indicated thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, specific fuel consumption.
1. The chapter discusses instrumentation for process control systems, including transducers, sensors, transmitters and control valves. Transducers convert process variables like flow rate, pressure and temperature into electrical signals for controllers.
2. Common instrumentation signal standards are discussed, including pneumatic signals from 3-15 psig that were widely used before 1960, and 4-20 mA electronic signals that became standard after 1960.
3. Control valves are a widely used method to control fluid flows and are classified as air-to-open or air-to-close depending on how they fail safely. Valve sizing involves specifying the valve coefficient related to the required flow rate and available pressure drop.
Guide to the selection of UNIQA electric pumps - Zenit GroupZenit Group
The introduction of UNIQA® pumps requires sales technicians and resellers to be able to select and ex-plain their constructional and functional characteristics. They must therefore be familiar with the basic technical concepts applicable to all pumps, as well as those which apply specifically to the UNIQA® range:
- Basic concepts of hydraulics
- Q-H curve (duty point)
- Pump - Motor (P1 - P2 - P3)
- Efficiency
- Concept of hydraulics
- Applying motors of various power ratings to a given impeller
- Operation with frequency variator
- Other selection criteria (materials, versions, etc.)
Design Considerations for Antisurge Valve SizingVijay Sarathy
This document provides guidelines for sizing an anti-surge valve for a centrifugal compressor. It begins with definitions of surge and how it can damage compressors. It then outlines the methodology for sizing an anti-surge valve, which involves calculating the valve coefficient based on parameters like mass flow rate, pressure ratio, piping geometry, and gas properties. The document provides a case study applying this methodology to size a 4" anti-surge valve for a gas compressor system operating between 11.61 and 30.13 bara.
This document provides information about centrifugal pumps, including:
1. It defines a centrifugal pump and describes its main components like the impeller, volute casing, and diffuser.
2. It explains how volutes and diffusers function to convert velocity energy to pressure energy and reduce turbulence respectively.
3. It presents the basic theory behind how centrifugal pumps work through centrifugal action that increases pressure by converting radial velocity into pressure head.
4. It discusses factors that affect pump performance like impeller design, viscosity, cavitation, and operating conditions. Trimming relations are also presented to modify pump performance.
This document provides information about centrifugal pumps, including:
1. It defines a centrifugal pump and describes its main components like the impeller, volute casing, and diffuser.
2. It explains how volutes and diffusers function to convert velocity energy to pressure energy and reduce turbulence respectively.
3. It discusses the basic theory and operation of centrifugal pumps, including velocity triangles, impeller head development, and the effects of varying parameters like flow, speed, and impeller diameter.
4. It covers topics like cavitation, viscosity effects, pump performance curves, operating conditions, efficiency, and the use of similarity principles to predict pump performance.
This document provides information about centrifugal pumps, including:
1. It defines a centrifugal pump and describes its main components like the impeller, volute casing, and diffuser.
2. It explains how volutes and diffusers function to convert velocity energy to pressure energy and reduce turbulence respectively.
3. It discusses the basic theory and operation of centrifugal pumps, including velocity triangles, impeller head development, and the effects of varying parameters like flow, speed, and impeller diameter.
4. It covers topics like cavitation, viscosity effects, pump performance curves, operating conditions, efficiency, and the use of similarity laws to predict pump performance at different sizes and speeds.
This document contains equations related to air flow generated by fans and nozzles. It includes equations for:
1) The theoretical pressure difference generated by a fan based on changes in absolute and relative velocity.
2) How flow rate, pressure, power, and efficiency of a fan vary with changes in rotational velocity and diameter.
3) How air flow rate through a critical nozzle depends on pressure, temperature, and nozzle characteristics.
4) How the temperature of air increases as it passes through a fan, motor/belt system, and duct due to conversion of pressure and kinetic energy to heat.
The document discusses flywheels and their use in engines. It provides information on:
- How flywheels store energy from the power stroke of engines and release it to maintain uniform rotation during other strokes when no energy is produced.
- Flywheels do not maintain a constant speed but reduce fluctuations by absorbing and releasing energy as the engine's torque varies each cycle.
- The coefficient of fluctuation of speed and energy are defined to quantify the speed and energy variations a flywheel controls.
- Equations are provided to calculate the mass of flywheel needed based on the engine's output, mean speed, and required limits of speed and energy fluctuations.
Mechanical ventilation is the process of changing indoor air by withdrawing contaminated air and replacing it with fresh air from outside. There are three main methods for designing ventilation systems: equal velocity, velocity reduction, and equal friction. The equal velocity method selects the same air velocity throughout the system, velocity reduction uses variable velocities, and equal friction selects the same frictional resistance for all sections. Key components of mechanical ventilation systems include fans, filters, ductwork, diffusers, and fire dampers.
The document summarizes the design of an axial fan with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s and pressure change of 3000Pa. It describes the steps taken, which included mean line analysis, calculation of losses, and CAD design. Iterative calculations were done in MATLAB to determine design parameters like velocities and flow angles. The analysis found the slip factor to be 0.78, leading to an efficiency reduction, while leakage losses were negligible. Dimensions and a 3D model of the designed fan are also presented.
1. Transducers convert process variables like temperature, pressure, and flow rate into electrical signals for controllers. Common transducer configurations include a sensing element combined with a transmitter.
2. Early process instrumentation used pneumatic signals, but electronic instrumentation is now widespread. Transmitters typically convert sensor outputs to standard signals like 4-20 mA that are compatible with controllers.
3. Final control elements like control valves manipulate process variables by adjusting material and energy flows. Control valves are widely used to control fluid flows.
CONTROL VALVE SIZING AND SELECTION FOR ANY APPLICATION.pptNagalingeswaranR
CONTROL VALVE BASICS.INCLUDING SIZIND, DETAILING AND SELECTION OF MATERIAL.THIS IS APPLICABLE FOR ALL APPLICATIONS LIKE UTILITY, POWER, WATER AND REFINERY. FROM THE PRESENTATION THE DESIGN ENGINEER CAN DECIDE THE TYPE OF CONTROL VALVE AND ITS CHARACTER TO BE SELECTED FOR THE GIVEN APPLICATION.
The document summarizes the design and analysis of a centrifugal pump for pumping water over a 15 story building. It includes classifications of pumps, descriptions of centrifugal pump components and working, design calculations to size the pump impeller and determine flow rate, selection of an appropriate motor, and summaries of CFD results and common failure modes in centrifugal pumps. The group designed the pump to fill an 81,000 liter tank within 10 minutes to supply a typical 15 story building.
This document provides an overview of energy recovery wheels, which are devices that transfer energy between exhaust and supply air streams in HVAC systems. It discusses the principles of sensible and total heat transfer using energy recovery wheels and how they can improve energy efficiency. The document also covers factors like effectiveness, airflow balancing, air transfer between streams, frost control methods, and limitations of using energy recovery wheels with hazardous exhaust air.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
An In-Depth Exploration of Natural Language Processing: Evolution, Applicatio...DharmaBanothu
Natural language processing (NLP) has
recently garnered significant interest for the
computational representation and analysis of human
language. Its applications span multiple domains such
as machine translation, email spam detection,
information extraction, summarization, healthcare,
and question answering. This paper first delineates
four phases by examining various levels of NLP and
components of Natural Language Generation,
followed by a review of the history and progression of
NLP. Subsequently, we delve into the current state of
the art by presenting diverse NLP applications,
contemporary trends, and challenges. Finally, we
discuss some available datasets, models, and
evaluation metrics in NLP.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
4. Euler equation & Velocity triangels
This equation can be derived from the expression of the momentum change.
In control sections of streamlines flows elementary amount of air dm, for which must apply continuity equation:
dm1 = dm2 = dm = dQ
where dQ ( m3 /s ) the elementary volume flow.
Change on momentum of elementary mass flow:
dm c2u r2 – dm c1u r1 = dM
where dM is elementary torque.
For incompressible fluids we can express the total
fan perfotmance formula:
where pcv is total blower pressure.
Finaly we get total pressure of blower wheel with
an infinite number of blades
QpP cv
)( 1122 uu cucup Circumferential velocity vectors u1 and u2.
Relative speed of movement vectors w1 and w2.
Absolute air velocity vectors c1 and c2.