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Micro 5
1.
2.
3. Schistosomes
• •They have one intermediate host which is
the snail (- That’s why they have restricted
geographical distribution).
• ** Various animals as dogs, cats,
rodents, pigs, horses & goats, serve
as reservoirs for S. japonicum, and
dogs for S. mekongi.
4. • They are separate sexes (which is contrary to
the other hermaphroditic خنثىtrematodes) :
6. ** S. haematobium; Eggs
• large in urine ( in urinary bladder ) with
terminal spine at posterior end.
• looks a like the egg of S. intercalatum,,(if u
suspect between them , refer to the
geographical distribution)
7.
8. S. japonicum; eggs :
• typically oval or subspherical , with knob
(vestigial spine) on side.
• - Differential Diagnose : it’s similar to S.
mekongi.
• - S. japonicum eggs are sometimes carried to :
(1) CNS , resulting in : headache,
disorientation, amnesia & coma. (2) heart ,
resulting in : arteriolitis & fibrosis →
enlargement & failure of Right ventricle.
11. • - There is No vehicle of infection (( Its direct
infection )) ناقل بدها ما المرض بتسبب نفسها هي يعني
• it will mature in the liver and became adults in ≈3
weeks , then reach a specific place depend on the
type : - it will reach the mesenteric if its (S.
mansoni & S. japonicum) - it will reach the
bladder venous vessels if its (S. hematobium)
where they live & ovulate for Duration of host's
life ( they live through out the host life )
Schistosomes
12.
13.
14. Schistosomes
• ** Pathology :
• - clinically , the Penetration of cercariae (
the initial penetreation if the intact skin )
will result in transient dermatitis
(swimmers' itch).
• - Adult worms are innocuous (not harmful)
, even that they are coating themselves
with host Ags to evade immune
responses.
• - ((very important )) Deposition of eggs , is
an inducer of pathological changes
17. INTESTINAL FLUKES
• Fasciolopsis buski (Giant intestinal fluke)
• - Adult :
- Lives attached to small
intestinal mucosa of
mammalian hosts
(humans & pigs).
- result in inflammation,
ulceration & abscesses.
18. Fasciolopsis buski
• Eggs :
• •Immature eggs are discharged into
intestine, passed in
• stool & become embryonated in water.
19.
20. Fasciolopsis buski
• Human Infection ( or the infective
stage infection for human or pigs )
is by ingesting water plants (water
chestnuts) contaminated with
encysted metacercaria
26. Liver Flukes
• a. Fasciola hepatica
• Mostly, the infection occurs from ingestion of
raw/undercooked watercress
• Adult: leaf shaped
• - Eggs : in stool , and It is notable that the eggs
are indistinguishable from those of F. Buski
27. Fasciola hepatica
• snails as the intermediate host would ingest it
• here, their sole presence would elicit
hepatomegaly hence tenderness during
palpation
• * explains the upper quadrant pain
• Medication: Praziquantel is not effective like
the case of F. Buski.
• we instead Use Triclabendazole ( very
important )
28. Fasciola hepatica
• Halzoun :
Among the notable disease from such infection of F.
Hepatica.
It is a common disease in the Middle East as some people
enjoys eating raw livers. These may contain immature
flukes of F.Hepatic , which would lead to the disease.
the (immature) flukes would attach itself at the
pharyngeal mucosa; Dysphagia
* Dsypnea
* Edema
* All pt are presented with Immune-allergic like
symptoms in the eye, nose, ears, throat (airway
obstruction)
29. b. Opisthorchis
• The old name is Clonorchis.
• - It is of three types: 1. O. Sinensis - a.k.a
Chinese liver flukes.
ingested by freshwater fish.
• 2. O. Felinus - the word 'feline' refers to cat
• 3. O. Viverini - related to dogs
cholangiosarcoma which is the tumor for connective
tissue surrounding bile duct
The proper and effective medication would be
Praziquantel
31. Lung Flukes
• A. Paragonimus Westermani
• (transmitted by craps
• Infects man and ( pigs , dogs).
• infection may persist up to 20 years
• The adult takes form, size and color of a coffee
bean
