life style of great scientist Michael Faraday .....! Michael Faraday, who came from a very poor family, became one of the greatest scientists in history. His achievement was remarkable in a time when science was the preserve of people born into privileged families. The unit of electrical capacitance is named the farad in his honor, with the symbol F. The faraday is a dimensionless unit of electric charge quantity, equal to approximately 6.02 x 10 23 electric charge carriers. This is equivalent to one mole , also known as Avogadro's constant . Education and Early Life Michael Faraday was born on September 22, 1791 in London, England, UK. He was the third child of James and Margaret Faraday. His father was a blacksmith who had poor health. Before marriage, his mother had been a servant. The family lived in a degree of poverty. Michael Faraday attended a local school until he was 13, where he received a basic education. To earn money for the family he started working as a delivery boy for a bookshop. He worked hard and impressed his employer. After a year, he was promoted to become an apprentice bookbinder Michael Faraday’s Scientific Achievements and Discoveries: It would be easy fill a book with details of all of Faraday’s discoveries – in both chemistry and physics. It is not an accident that Albert Einstein used to keep photos of three scientists in his office: Isaac Newton, James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday. Funnily enough, although in Faraday’s lifetime people had started to use the word physicist, Faraday disliked the word and always described himself as a philosopher. 1821: Discovery of Electromagnetic Rotation This is a glimpse of what would eventually develop into the electric motor, based on Hans Christian Oersted’s discovery that a wire carrying electric current has magnetic properties. 1823: Gas Liquefaction and Refrigeration In 1802 John Dalton had stated his belief that all gases could be liquified by the use of low temperatures and/or high pressures. Faraday provided hard evidence for Dalton’s belief by applying pressure to liquefy chlorine gas and ammonia gas for the first time. 1825: Discovery of Benzene Historically, benzene is one of the most important substances in chemistry, both in a practical sense – i.e. making new materials; and in a theoretical sense – i.e. understanding chemical bonding. Michael Faraday discovered benzene in the oily residue left behind from producing gas for lighting in London. 1831: Discovery of Electromagnetic Induction Faraday discovered that a varying magnetic field causes electricity to flow in an electric circuit. 1834: Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis This is the science of understanding what happens at the interface of an electrode with an ionic substance. Electrochemistry is the science that has produced the Li ion batteries and metal hydride batteries capable of powering modern mobile technology. Faraday’s laws are vital to our understanding of electrode reactions.

1. Michael Faraday
22 sep 1791 – 25 aug 1867
By:
B.RaGhaVenDer Goud,
EEE-A, 3rd Year,
J.B Institute of Eng.. and Technology.

3. Education and Early-Life
 Born on 22 September, 1791 in Newington Butts,
England, UK.
 3rd child of James and Margaret Faraday.
 Till 13 he received basic education.
 At 14, he was apprenticed to a local bookbinder
George Riebau and studied himself for next 7
years.
 In 1813, “Humphry Davy” appointed him to the
job of chemical assistant at the Royal Institution.

7. Faraday’s electromagnetic rotation apparatus.
Electricity flows
through the wires.
The liquid in the cups
is mercury, a good
conductor of
electricity. In the cup
on the right, the
metal wire
continuously rotates
around the central
magnet as long as
electric current is
flowing through the
circuit

8.  In 1802 John Dalton had stated his belief
that all gases could be liquified by the use of
low temperatures and/or high pressures.
 Faraday provided hard evidence for
Dalton’s belief by applying pressure to liquefy
chlorine gas and ammonia gas for the first
time.

9.  The mechanical pumps
could transform a gas at
room temperature into a
liquid. The liquid could
then be evaporated,
cooling its surroundings
and the resulting gas
could be collected and
compressed by a pump
into a liquid again, then
the whole cycle could be
repeated.
Showing that ammonia could be liquefied under pressure,
then evaporated to cause cooling, led to commercial
refrigeration

10. Refrigiration: LNG Refrigiration Cycle

11.  Michael Faraday
discovered
benzene in the oily
residue left behind
from producing
gas for lighting in
London. C₆H₆
A model of a benzene molecule.

12.  Varying Magnetic Field causes
Electricity to flow in an electric circuit.
 He shown that movement could be
turned into electricity.
 Rotation (kinetic energy) is converted
into electricity using electromagnetic
induction.

13. Faraday's experiment showing induction between
coils of wire
Liquid
battery

14. World’s first Electric Generator
For producing continuous (pure) DC voltage

15. Faraday stated two laws on the basis of his studies
on electrolysis:
1. Faraday’s first law
2. Faraday’s second law:

17.  when an electrical conductor becomes
charged, all of the extra charge sits on the outside
of the conductor. This means that the extra
charge does not appear on the inside of a room or
cage made of metal.
 Faraday cages can also create dead zones for
mobile communications.

18. Here a car’s metal body is acting as a Faraday Cage,
protecting the occupants from the electric discharge.

19.  This effect showes that a magnetic field
causes the plane of light polarization to
rotate.
 It is the to link electromagnetism and
light.
 Described fully by
equations in which
established that light is an electromagnetic

20. Faraday effect

21.  Faraday discovered that all substances
are diamagnetic.
 Diamagnetism opposes the direction of an
applied magnetic field.

22. For example,
If you held the north pole of a magnet
near a strongly diamagnetic substance,
this substance would be pushed away
by the magnet.

24. On Aug 25th
Michael Faraday left
for the heavenly
abode at
, Middlesex,
England.
at Highgate cemetery,
London