2. -The scientist is Michael Faraday.
-He was a British scientist, chemist, physicist and
philosopher who greatly contributed to the fields
of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
-Born: 22 September 1791, Newington
Butts, England
-Died: 25 August 1867(1867-08-25) (aged
75), Hampton Court, Middlesex, England
3. Faraday is best known for his work regarding
electricity and magnetism.
One of Faraday's 1831 experiments demonstrating
induction. The liquid battery sends an electric current
through the small coil. When it is moved in or out of
the large coil, its magnetic field induces a momentary
voltage in the coil, which is detected by the
galvanometer .
(Electromagnetic rotation
experiment of
Faraday, ca. 1821)
4. In 1821, soon after the Danish physicist and chemist Hans
Christian Ørsted discovered the phenomenon of
electromagnetism, Davy and British scientist William Hyde
Wollaston tried, but failed, to design an electric motor.
Faraday, having discussed the problem with the two
men, went on to build two devices to produce what he
called "electromagnetic rotation".
One of these, now known as the homopolar motor, caused
a continuous circular motion that was engendered by the
circular magnetic force around a wire that extended into a
pool of mercury wherein was placed a magnet; the wire
would then rotate around the magnet if supplied with
current from a chemical battery. These experiments and
inventions formed the foundation of modern
electromagnetic technology.
5. Faraday's breakthrough came when he wrapped two
insulated coils of wire around an iron ring, and found that,
upon passing a current through one coil, a momentary
current was induced in the other coil. This phenomenon is
now known as mutual induction.
His demonstrations established that a changing magnetic
field produces an electric field; this relation was modelled
mathematically by James Clerk Maxwell as Faraday's law,
which subsequently became one of the four Maxwell
equations, and which have in turn evolved into the
generalization known today as field theory. Faraday would
later use the principles he had discovered to construct the
electric dynamo, the ancestor of modern power generators.
6. In 1839, he completed a series of experiments aimed at
investigating the fundamental nature of electricity; Faraday
used "static", batteries, and "animal electricity" to produce
the phenomena of electrostatic attraction, electrolysis,
magnetism, etc. He concluded that, contrary to the
scientific opinion of the time, the divisions between the
various "kinds" of electricity were illusory. Faraday instead
proposed that only a single "electricity" exists, and the
changing values of quantity and intensity (current and
voltage) would produce different groups of phenomena.
7. Near the end of his career, Faraday proposed that
electromagnetic forces extended into the empty space
around the conductor. This idea was rejected by his fellow
scientists, and Faraday did not live to see the eventual
acceptance of his proposition by the scientific community.
Faraday's concept of lines of flux emanating from charged
bodies and magnets provided way to visualize electric and
magnetic fields; that conceptual model was crucial for the
successful development of the electromechanical devices
that dominated engineering and industry for the
remainder of the 19th century.
8. In his work on static electricity, Faraday's ice pail
experiment demonstrated that the charge resided only
on the exterior of a charged conductor, and exterior
charge had no influence on anything enclosed within a
conductor. This is because the exterior charges
redistribute such that the interior fields due to them
cancel. This shielding effect is used in what is now
known as a Faraday cage.
9. Michael Faraday’s parents were so poor that they were
not able to send Faraday to school, and due to the
crushing poverty of his family, Faraday was forced to
take up several odd jobs that taught him how to fend
for himself when he was still a minor. In the course of
time, Faraday’s hard work and his flair for science
made him one of the most successful scientists of his
time in England. Thus, Michael Faraday has taught me
to never give up, and always have a goal in mind to
achieve.
10. To keep on trying and never give up because maybe
someday in the future your work might get noticed.
Faraday proposed a theory that was rejected by his
fellow scientists but long after his death, it was
accepted by the scientific community. This theory
became crucial for the successful development of the
electromechanical devices that engineering and
industry for the remainder of the 19th century.
11. I have learned that even if you have any difficulties
such as financial problems, hard work will still lead
you to success.
The difference of our schedule caused a lot of time to
be wasted.
We had different thoughts of ideas for presentation.
We choose different scientists for the project thus we
had to discuss for a long time on which is better.
