SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 18
Download to read offline
Name :MoumitaBasak
Class : 12th
science
Roll No. : 6636601
ELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTION
INDEX:
Aim
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Apparatus
Introduction
Theory
Conclusion
Bibliography
AIM:
To determine the faraday’s
law of electromagnetic
induction using a copper
wire wound over an iron rod
and a strong magnet
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the PHYSICS project titled
‘ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION’ has been
successfully completed by MOUMITA BASAK of
Class XII in partial fulfillment of curriculum of CENTRAL
BOARD OF SECONDARYEDUCATION (CBSE) leading
to the annual examination of the year 2015-2016.
INTERNAL EXAMINER TEACHER IN-CHARGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude
towards our Physicsteacher MR.NALINI
PRADHANfor his guidance, support and
encouragement throughout the duration of the
project. Without his motivation and help the
successful completion of this project would not
have been possible. I would also take this
opportunity to thank our principal .MRS. GLORIA
MINJ for encouraging me.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• WIKIPEDIA
• HOW STUFF WORKS
• SCIENCE FOR ALL
APPARATUS
1. Insulated copper wire
2. A iron rod
3. A strong magnet and
4. A light emitting diode
(LED)
INTRODUCTION:
araday's law of induction is a basic law of electromagnetism that predicts
how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce
an electromotive force (EMF). It is the fundamental operating principle
of transformers, inductors, and many types of electrical motors and generators.
F
Electromagnetic induction was discovered independently by Michael
Faraday and Joseph Henry in 1831; however, Faraday was the first to publish the
results of his experiments. Faraday explained electromagnetic induction using a
concept he called lines of force.These equations for electromagnetics are extremely
important since they provide a means to precisely describe how many natural
physical phenomena in our universe arise and behave. The ability to quantitatively
describe physical phenomena not only allows us to gain a better understanding of our
universe, but it also makes possible a host of technological innovations that define
modern society. Understanding Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction can be
beneficial since so many aspects of our daily life function because of the principles
behind Faraday’s Law. From natural phenomena such as the light we receive from the
sun, to technologies that improve our quality of life such as electric power generation,
Faraday’s Law has a great impact on many aspects of our lives.
Faraday’s Law is the result of the experiments of the English chemist and physicist
Michael Faraday . The concept of electromagnetic induction was actually discovered
simultaneously in 1831 by Faraday in London and Joseph Henry, an American
scientist working in New York , but Faraday is credited for the law since he published
his work first . An important aspect of the equation that quantifies Faraday’s Law
comes from the work of Heinrich Lenz, a Russian physicist who made his
contribution to Faraday’s Law, now known as Lenz’s Law, in 1834 (Institute of
Chemistry).
Faraday’s law describes electromagnetic induction, whereby an electric field is
induced, or generated, by a changing magnetic field. Before expanding upon this
description, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the concept of fields, as
well as the related concept of potentials.
Faraday's first experimental demonstration of electromagnetic induction (August 29,
1831), he wrapped two wires around opposite sides of an iron ring or "torus" (an
arrangement similar to a modern toroidal transformer) to induce current
Figure 1 Faraday's First Experiment
Some physicists have remarked that Faraday's law is a single equation describing two
different phenomena: the motional EMF generated by a magnetic force on a moving
wire (see Lorentz force), and the transformerEMF generated by an electric force due
to a changing magnetic field (due to the Maxwell–Faraday equation). James Clerk
Maxwell drew attention to this fact in his 1861 paper On Physical Lines of Force. In
the latter half of part II of that paper, Maxwell gives a separate physical explanation
for each of the two phenomena. A reference to these two aspects of electromagnetic
induction is made in some modern textbooks.
THEORY:
Magnetic flux:
The magnetic flux (often denoted Φ or ΦB) through a surface is the component of
the B field passing through that surface. The SI unit of magnetic flux is
the weber (Wb) (in derived units: volt-seconds), and the CGS unit is the maxwell.
Magnetic flux is usually measured with a fluxmeter, which contains measuring coils
and electronics that evaluates the change of voltage in the measuring coils to
calculate the magnetic flux.
If the magnetic field is constant, the magnetic flux passing through a surface
of vector area S is
where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field (the magnetic flux density) having the
unit of Wb/m2
(Tesla), S is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the
magnetic field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to S.
For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux through an
infinitesimal area element dS, where we may consider the field to be constant
:
From the definition of the magnetic vector potential A and the fundamental theorem
of the curl the magnetic flux may also be defined as:
where the line integral is taken over the boundary of the surface S, which is denoted
∂S.
LAW:
The most widespread version of Faraday's law states:
The induced electromotive force in any closed circuit is equal to the
negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the
circuit.
This version of Faraday's law strictly holds only when the closed circuit is a loop of
infinitely thin wire,and is invalid in other circumstances as discussed below. A
different version, the Maxwell–Faraday equation (discussed below), is valid in all
circumstances.
When the flux changes—because B changes, or because the wire loop is moved or
deformed, or both—Faraday's law of induction says that the wire loop acquires
an EMF , defined as the energy available per unit charge that travels once around
the wire loop (the unit of EMF is the volt).Equivalently, it is the voltage that would be
measured by cutting the wire to create an open circuit, and attaching a voltmeter to
the leads.
According to theLorentz force law (in SI units),
the EMF on a wire loop is:
where E is the electric field, B is the magnetic field (aka magnetic flux density,
magnetic induction), dℓ is an infinitesimal arc length along the wire, and the line
integral is evaluated along the wire (along the curve the conincident with the shape of
the wire).
The Maxwell–Faraday equation states that a time-varying magnetic field is always
accompanied by a spatially-varying, non-conservative electric field, and vice-versa.
The Maxwell–Faraday equation is
where is the curl operator and again E(r, t) is the electric field and B(r, t) is
the magnetic field. These fields can generally be functions of position r and time t.
The four Maxwell's equations (including the Maxwell–Faraday equation), along with
the Lorentz force law, are a sufficient foundation to derive everything inclassical
electromagnetism. Therefore it is possible to "prove" Faraday's law starting with
these equations. Faraday's law could be taken as the starting point and used to
"prove" the Maxwell–Faraday equation and/or other laws.)
CONCLUSION
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and
published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century,
describes a very important electro-magnetic concept. Although its
mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s
is not hard to grasp: it relates an induced electric potential or
voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has many far-
reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many ways: from the
shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile communications, to
electricity to power our homes. We can all appreciate the profound
impact Faraday’s Law has on us.
EXPERIMENT PHOTOs

More Related Content

What's hot

Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Work, Practical- study of various logi...
Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Work, Practical- study of various logi...Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Work, Practical- study of various logi...
Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Work, Practical- study of various logi...Kendriya Vidyalaya
 
Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic inductionElectromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic inductionSwaroop Puhan
 
project on electromagnetic induction
project on electromagnetic inductionproject on electromagnetic induction
project on electromagnetic inductionLovneesh kumar
 
12th CBSE Physics Project AC Generator
12th CBSE Physics Project AC Generator12th CBSE Physics Project AC Generator
12th CBSE Physics Project AC GeneratorAshwin Francis
 
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diodePhysics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diodeIshani gupta Gupta
 
Physicsproject 140129130848-phpapp01
Physicsproject 140129130848-phpapp01Physicsproject 140129130848-phpapp01
Physicsproject 140129130848-phpapp01Shivansh Patel
 
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembaliElectromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembaliJeswant Gembali
 
Physics project class 12
Physics project class 12Physics project class 12
Physics project class 12Pranav12109
 
physics ip cbse class 12
physics ip cbse class 12physics ip cbse class 12
physics ip cbse class 12D. j Vicky
 
Physics project file on emi
Physics project file on emiPhysics project file on emi
Physics project file on emiAditya Sharma
 
Physics Investigatory Project
Physics Investigatory  ProjectPhysics Investigatory  Project
Physics Investigatory ProjectDIVYANSHU KUMAR
 
investigatory project Physics
investigatory project Physicsinvestigatory project Physics
investigatory project PhysicsPallavi Sarin
 
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction. CLASS XII
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction.    CLASS XIIPhysics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction.    CLASS XII
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction. CLASS XIIEligetiVishnu
 
Physics Investigatory Project - Transformer
Physics Investigatory Project - TransformerPhysics Investigatory Project - Transformer
Physics Investigatory Project - TransformerJishnu Rajan
 
Physics investigatory
Physics investigatoryPhysics investigatory
Physics investigatoryHemant Singh
 

What's hot (20)

Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Work, Practical- study of various logi...
Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Work, Practical- study of various logi...Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Work, Practical- study of various logi...
Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project Work, Practical- study of various logi...
 
Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic inductionElectromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic induction
 
project on electromagnetic induction
project on electromagnetic inductionproject on electromagnetic induction
project on electromagnetic induction
 
CBSE CLASS 12 PHYSICS PROJECT
CBSE CLASS 12 PHYSICS PROJECTCBSE CLASS 12 PHYSICS PROJECT
CBSE CLASS 12 PHYSICS PROJECT
 
12th CBSE Physics Project AC Generator
12th CBSE Physics Project AC Generator12th CBSE Physics Project AC Generator
12th CBSE Physics Project AC Generator
 
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diodePhysics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
 
Physicsproject 140129130848-phpapp01
Physicsproject 140129130848-phpapp01Physicsproject 140129130848-phpapp01
Physicsproject 140129130848-phpapp01
 
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembaliElectromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
 
Physics investigatory
Physics investigatoryPhysics investigatory
Physics investigatory
 
Physics project class 12
Physics project class 12Physics project class 12
Physics project class 12
 
Physics investigatory project
Physics investigatory projectPhysics investigatory project
Physics investigatory project
 
Physics project abhishek
Physics project abhishekPhysics project abhishek
Physics project abhishek
 
AC GENERATOR
AC GENERATORAC GENERATOR
AC GENERATOR
 
physics ip cbse class 12
physics ip cbse class 12physics ip cbse class 12
physics ip cbse class 12
 
Physics project file on emi
Physics project file on emiPhysics project file on emi
Physics project file on emi
 
Physics Investigatory Project
Physics Investigatory  ProjectPhysics Investigatory  Project
Physics Investigatory Project
 
investigatory project Physics
investigatory project Physicsinvestigatory project Physics
investigatory project Physics
 
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction. CLASS XII
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction.    CLASS XIIPhysics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction.    CLASS XII
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction. CLASS XII
 
Physics Investigatory Project - Transformer
Physics Investigatory Project - TransformerPhysics Investigatory Project - Transformer
Physics Investigatory Project - Transformer
 
Physics investigatory
Physics investigatoryPhysics investigatory
Physics investigatory
 

Similar to Electromagneticinduction

518901864-Physics-Project-Class-XII-2021-22-Investigatory-Project.pdf
518901864-Physics-Project-Class-XII-2021-22-Investigatory-Project.pdf518901864-Physics-Project-Class-XII-2021-22-Investigatory-Project.pdf
518901864-Physics-Project-Class-XII-2021-22-Investigatory-Project.pdfVaishanaviG1
 
Electromagneticinduction
ElectromagneticinductionElectromagneticinduction
Electromagneticinductionyuva raj
 
pdfcoffee.com_physics-investigatory-project-2017-18-cbse-class-xii-pdf-free.pdf
pdfcoffee.com_physics-investigatory-project-2017-18-cbse-class-xii-pdf-free.pdfpdfcoffee.com_physics-investigatory-project-2017-18-cbse-class-xii-pdf-free.pdf
pdfcoffee.com_physics-investigatory-project-2017-18-cbse-class-xii-pdf-free.pdfvaradharajjayakumarv
 
AIP Project Physics 1.pptx
AIP Project Physics 1.pptxAIP Project Physics 1.pptx
AIP Project Physics 1.pptxJohanVarughese1
 
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembaliElectromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembaliJeswant Gembali
 
Maxwell’s Equations 1.pptx
Maxwell’s Equations 1.pptxMaxwell’s Equations 1.pptx
Maxwell’s Equations 1.pptxMoinYaqoob
 
physics investogatory.pdf
physics investogatory.pdfphysics investogatory.pdf
physics investogatory.pdfSharafuddeens
 
Maxwell's equation
Maxwell's equationMaxwell's equation
Maxwell's equationAL- AMIN
 
Physics_Investigatory_Project_Abhishek_c (1).pdf
Physics_Investigatory_Project_Abhishek_c (1).pdfPhysics_Investigatory_Project_Abhishek_c (1).pdf
Physics_Investigatory_Project_Abhishek_c (1).pdfShankararaman2
 
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.docx
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.docxphysics-investigatory-project-on-emi.docx
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.docxSunnyLakhara
 
Electric Field in Material Space
Electric Field in Material SpaceElectric Field in Material Space
Electric Field in Material Spaceirfan sultan
 
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.pdf
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.pdfphysics-investigatory-project-on-emi.pdf
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.pdfrahulsingh177013
 
PHYSICS PROJECT.pdf
PHYSICS PROJECT.pdfPHYSICS PROJECT.pdf
PHYSICS PROJECT.pdfrinesh2
 
physics-investigatory-project-abhishek-c.docx
physics-investigatory-project-abhishek-c.docxphysics-investigatory-project-abhishek-c.docx
physics-investigatory-project-abhishek-c.docxMrJANGDA
 
Microwave Engineering by YEASIN NEWAJ
Microwave Engineering by YEASIN NEWAJMicrowave Engineering by YEASIN NEWAJ
Microwave Engineering by YEASIN NEWAJYeasinNewaj
 
Electro 0
Electro 0Electro 0
Electro 0zanko99
 

Similar to Electromagneticinduction (20)

518901864-Physics-Project-Class-XII-2021-22-Investigatory-Project.pdf
518901864-Physics-Project-Class-XII-2021-22-Investigatory-Project.pdf518901864-Physics-Project-Class-XII-2021-22-Investigatory-Project.pdf
518901864-Physics-Project-Class-XII-2021-22-Investigatory-Project.pdf
 
Electromagneticinduction
ElectromagneticinductionElectromagneticinduction
Electromagneticinduction
 
pdfcoffee.com_physics-investigatory-project-2017-18-cbse-class-xii-pdf-free.pdf
pdfcoffee.com_physics-investigatory-project-2017-18-cbse-class-xii-pdf-free.pdfpdfcoffee.com_physics-investigatory-project-2017-18-cbse-class-xii-pdf-free.pdf
pdfcoffee.com_physics-investigatory-project-2017-18-cbse-class-xii-pdf-free.pdf
 
AIP Project Physics 1.pptx
AIP Project Physics 1.pptxAIP Project Physics 1.pptx
AIP Project Physics 1.pptx
 
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembaliElectromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
Electromagnetic induction by jeswant gembali
 
Maxwell’s Equations 1.pptx
Maxwell’s Equations 1.pptxMaxwell’s Equations 1.pptx
Maxwell’s Equations 1.pptx
 
emi
emiemi
emi
 
physics investogatory.pdf
physics investogatory.pdfphysics investogatory.pdf
physics investogatory.pdf
 
4 slides
4 slides4 slides
4 slides
 
Maxwell's equation
Maxwell's equationMaxwell's equation
Maxwell's equation
 
Physics_Investigatory_Project_Abhishek_c (1).pdf
Physics_Investigatory_Project_Abhishek_c (1).pdfPhysics_Investigatory_Project_Abhishek_c (1).pdf
Physics_Investigatory_Project_Abhishek_c (1).pdf
 
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.docx
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.docxphysics-investigatory-project-on-emi.docx
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.docx
 
Electric Field in Material Space
Electric Field in Material SpaceElectric Field in Material Space
Electric Field in Material Space
 
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.pdf
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.pdfphysics-investigatory-project-on-emi.pdf
physics-investigatory-project-on-emi.pdf
 
PHYSICS PROJECT.pdf
PHYSICS PROJECT.pdfPHYSICS PROJECT.pdf
PHYSICS PROJECT.pdf
 
physics-investigatory-project-abhishek-c.docx
physics-investigatory-project-abhishek-c.docxphysics-investigatory-project-abhishek-c.docx
physics-investigatory-project-abhishek-c.docx
 
Physics
PhysicsPhysics
Physics
 
Microwave Engineering by YEASIN NEWAJ
Microwave Engineering by YEASIN NEWAJMicrowave Engineering by YEASIN NEWAJ
Microwave Engineering by YEASIN NEWAJ
 
Ijetcas14 408
Ijetcas14 408Ijetcas14 408
Ijetcas14 408
 
Electro 0
Electro 0Electro 0
Electro 0
 

Recently uploaded

Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersPhysics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersAndreaLucarelli
 
soft skills question paper set for bba ca
soft skills question paper set for bba casoft skills question paper set for bba ca
soft skills question paper set for bba caohsadfeeling
 
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxIB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxUalikhanKalkhojayev1
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabkiyorndlab
 
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPirithiRaju
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. MUKTA MANJARI SAHOO
 
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbitsgeometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbitsHassan Jolany
 
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...marwaahmad357
 
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.pptMARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.pptaigil2
 
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPirithiRaju
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxmarwaahmad357
 
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)chatterjeesoumili50
 
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024suelcarter1
 
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdfSUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdfsantiagojoderickdoma
 
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxQ3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxArdeniel
 
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchExploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchPrachya Adhyayan
 
PSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docxPSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docxmarwaahmad357
 
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data scienceKeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data scienceLayne Sadler
 
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxBureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxkastureyashashree
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersPhysics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
 
soft skills question paper set for bba ca
soft skills question paper set for bba casoft skills question paper set for bba ca
soft skills question paper set for bba ca
 
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxIB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
 
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
 
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbitsgeometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
 
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
 
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.pptMARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
 
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
 
Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...
Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...
Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
 
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
 
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
 
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdfSUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
 
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxQ3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
 
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchExploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
 
PSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docxPSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docx
 
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data scienceKeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
 
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxBureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
 

Electromagneticinduction

  • 1. Name :MoumitaBasak Class : 12th science Roll No. : 6636601
  • 5. AIM: To determine the faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction using a copper wire wound over an iron rod and a strong magnet
  • 6. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the PHYSICS project titled ‘ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION’ has been successfully completed by MOUMITA BASAK of Class XII in partial fulfillment of curriculum of CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARYEDUCATION (CBSE) leading to the annual examination of the year 2015-2016. INTERNAL EXAMINER TEACHER IN-CHARGE
  • 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude towards our Physicsteacher MR.NALINI PRADHANfor his guidance, support and encouragement throughout the duration of the project. Without his motivation and help the successful completion of this project would not have been possible. I would also take this opportunity to thank our principal .MRS. GLORIA MINJ for encouraging me.
  • 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY • WIKIPEDIA • HOW STUFF WORKS • SCIENCE FOR ALL
  • 9. APPARATUS 1. Insulated copper wire 2. A iron rod 3. A strong magnet and 4. A light emitting diode (LED)
  • 10. INTRODUCTION: araday's law of induction is a basic law of electromagnetism that predicts how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF). It is the fundamental operating principle of transformers, inductors, and many types of electrical motors and generators. F Electromagnetic induction was discovered independently by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry in 1831; however, Faraday was the first to publish the results of his experiments. Faraday explained electromagnetic induction using a concept he called lines of force.These equations for electromagnetics are extremely important since they provide a means to precisely describe how many natural physical phenomena in our universe arise and behave. The ability to quantitatively describe physical phenomena not only allows us to gain a better understanding of our universe, but it also makes possible a host of technological innovations that define modern society. Understanding Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction can be beneficial since so many aspects of our daily life function because of the principles behind Faraday’s Law. From natural phenomena such as the light we receive from the sun, to technologies that improve our quality of life such as electric power generation, Faraday’s Law has a great impact on many aspects of our lives. Faraday’s Law is the result of the experiments of the English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday . The concept of electromagnetic induction was actually discovered simultaneously in 1831 by Faraday in London and Joseph Henry, an American scientist working in New York , but Faraday is credited for the law since he published
  • 11. his work first . An important aspect of the equation that quantifies Faraday’s Law comes from the work of Heinrich Lenz, a Russian physicist who made his contribution to Faraday’s Law, now known as Lenz’s Law, in 1834 (Institute of Chemistry). Faraday’s law describes electromagnetic induction, whereby an electric field is induced, or generated, by a changing magnetic field. Before expanding upon this description, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the concept of fields, as well as the related concept of potentials. Faraday's first experimental demonstration of electromagnetic induction (August 29, 1831), he wrapped two wires around opposite sides of an iron ring or "torus" (an arrangement similar to a modern toroidal transformer) to induce current Figure 1 Faraday's First Experiment Some physicists have remarked that Faraday's law is a single equation describing two different phenomena: the motional EMF generated by a magnetic force on a moving wire (see Lorentz force), and the transformerEMF generated by an electric force due to a changing magnetic field (due to the Maxwell–Faraday equation). James Clerk
  • 12. Maxwell drew attention to this fact in his 1861 paper On Physical Lines of Force. In the latter half of part II of that paper, Maxwell gives a separate physical explanation for each of the two phenomena. A reference to these two aspects of electromagnetic induction is made in some modern textbooks.
  • 13. THEORY: Magnetic flux: The magnetic flux (often denoted Φ or ΦB) through a surface is the component of the B field passing through that surface. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb) (in derived units: volt-seconds), and the CGS unit is the maxwell. Magnetic flux is usually measured with a fluxmeter, which contains measuring coils and electronics that evaluates the change of voltage in the measuring coils to calculate the magnetic flux. If the magnetic field is constant, the magnetic flux passing through a surface of vector area S is where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field (the magnetic flux density) having the unit of Wb/m2 (Tesla), S is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the magnetic field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to S. For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux through an infinitesimal area element dS, where we may consider the field to be constant
  • 14. : From the definition of the magnetic vector potential A and the fundamental theorem of the curl the magnetic flux may also be defined as: where the line integral is taken over the boundary of the surface S, which is denoted ∂S.
  • 15. LAW: The most widespread version of Faraday's law states: The induced electromotive force in any closed circuit is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. This version of Faraday's law strictly holds only when the closed circuit is a loop of infinitely thin wire,and is invalid in other circumstances as discussed below. A different version, the Maxwell–Faraday equation (discussed below), is valid in all circumstances. When the flux changes—because B changes, or because the wire loop is moved or deformed, or both—Faraday's law of induction says that the wire loop acquires an EMF , defined as the energy available per unit charge that travels once around the wire loop (the unit of EMF is the volt).Equivalently, it is the voltage that would be measured by cutting the wire to create an open circuit, and attaching a voltmeter to the leads. According to theLorentz force law (in SI units), the EMF on a wire loop is:
  • 16. where E is the electric field, B is the magnetic field (aka magnetic flux density, magnetic induction), dℓ is an infinitesimal arc length along the wire, and the line integral is evaluated along the wire (along the curve the conincident with the shape of the wire). The Maxwell–Faraday equation states that a time-varying magnetic field is always accompanied by a spatially-varying, non-conservative electric field, and vice-versa. The Maxwell–Faraday equation is where is the curl operator and again E(r, t) is the electric field and B(r, t) is the magnetic field. These fields can generally be functions of position r and time t. The four Maxwell's equations (including the Maxwell–Faraday equation), along with the Lorentz force law, are a sufficient foundation to derive everything inclassical electromagnetism. Therefore it is possible to "prove" Faraday's law starting with these equations. Faraday's law could be taken as the starting point and used to "prove" the Maxwell–Faraday equation and/or other laws.)
  • 17. CONCLUSION Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century, describes a very important electro-magnetic concept. Although its mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it relates an induced electric potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has many far- reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many ways: from the shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can all appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us.