The Mexican Revolution began in 1910 due to economic inequality and the long rule of dictator Porfirio Diaz. Diaz had ruled Mexico for 35 years, winning reelection through corruption. Though Mexico saw economic growth through foreign investment, the benefits only went to a small elite. The vast majority of Mexicans lived in poverty. When opposition leader Francisco Madero called for democratic elections in 1910, unrest boiled over. The revolution involved peasants, workers, and small farmers seeking to overthrow the Diaz regime and redistribute land and resources more equitably. The fighting lasted over a decade and took over a million lives but ultimately led to a new constitution and reforms.
Introduction
Government role on taxation/spending
Who was Bill Clinton?
Bill Clinton Presidency
Budget Deficits
US Economy/Clinton
Banking/Financial Services / Clinton
Income inequality
Job Creation/Clinton
PMI Index
Corporate Tax
Medium Income
Housing Starts
Interest Rates
Trade Deficits
Introduction
Government role on taxation/spending
Who was Bill Clinton?
Bill Clinton Presidency
Budget Deficits
US Economy/Clinton
Banking/Financial Services / Clinton
Income inequality
Job Creation/Clinton
PMI Index
Corporate Tax
Medium Income
Housing Starts
Interest Rates
Trade Deficits
دعوة للنُصرة .. دعوة للراحة .. دعوة لحياة البركة
و عرفنا أن سفر يشوع هو ليس سفر للخطاة و لكنه سفر للمؤمنين لأنه يتكلم عن راحة و إنتصارات و يتكلم عن إختبارات ، و يتكلم عن غِنَى المسيح الذي لا يُستقصى .. يتكلم عن:
أف2:1 بَارَكَنَا بِكُلِّ بَرَكَةٍ رُوحِيَّةٍ فِي السَّمَاوِيَّاتِ فِي الْمَسِيحِ، 06.07
و عرفنا أن الحياة بلا ثمر و العقيمة .. المحطة التي في حياة المؤمنين التي تطول جداً هي محطة البرية .. في جفاف و عدم استمتاع براحة و لا بفرح .. هذه المحطة ممكن يكون كثيرين من المؤمنين فيها. هي المحطة التي فيها تذمر كثير .. الكلام الكثير .. الشهوات الكثيرة .. و المفروض بعد الإيمان لا تطول فترة وجود المؤمنين في هذه المحطة. يوجد بعض المؤمنين تكون فترة وجودهم في هذه المحطة فترة قصيرة. واضح منذ القديم أن المؤمنين تطول إقامتهم في هذه المحطة .. محطة البرية. تذمر .. كلام كثير .. بلا ثمر .. عُقم .. جفاف ريق .. تكون حياتهم فيها بلا ثمر و بلا تأثير.
و عرفنا أن نسبة الناس البراويين الصحراويين المشدودين ناحية مصر نسبة كبيرة جدا جدا بالنسبة للناس الكنعانيين الذين يحيوا في غنى المسيح: مليون / واحد
دعوة للنُصرة .. دعوة للراحة .. دعوة لحياة البركة
و عرفنا أن سفر يشوع هو ليس سفر للخطاة و لكنه سفر للمؤمنين لأنه يتكلم عن راحة و إنتصارات و يتكلم عن إختبارات ، و يتكلم عن غِنَى المسيح الذي لا يُستقصى .. يتكلم عن:
أف2:1 بَارَكَنَا بِكُلِّ بَرَكَةٍ رُوحِيَّةٍ فِي السَّمَاوِيَّاتِ فِي الْمَسِيحِ، 06.07
و عرفنا أن الحياة بلا ثمر و العقيمة .. المحطة التي في حياة المؤمنين التي تطول جداً هي محطة البرية .. في جفاف و عدم استمتاع براحة و لا بفرح .. هذه المحطة ممكن يكون كثيرين من المؤمنين فيها. هي المحطة التي فيها تذمر كثير .. الكلام الكثير .. الشهوات الكثيرة .. و المفروض بعد الإيمان لا تطول فترة وجود المؤمنين في هذه المحطة. يوجد بعض المؤمنين تكون فترة وجودهم في هذه المحطة فترة قصيرة. واضح منذ القديم أن المؤمنين تطول إقامتهم في هذه المحطة .. محطة البرية. تذمر .. كلام كثير .. بلا ثمر .. عُقم .. جفاف ريق .. تكون حياتهم فيها بلا ثمر و بلا تأثير.
و عرفنا أن نسبة الناس البراويين الصحراويين المشدودين ناحية مصر نسبة كبيرة جدا جدا بالنسبة للناس الكنعانيين الذين يحيوا في غنى المسيح: مليون / واحد
Mexican Revolution in World Historical Context: IB History of the Americaswilliamjtolley
The Mexican Revolution in a world-historical context. Includes long-term causes back to pre-conquest Latin America, current historiography, world-systems analysis and extrapolations to modern Mexico and the Zapatista movement of 1994.
Question 5 Module 4 -Part I.pdf
Question 5 Module 4 -Part 2.pdf
Outline
• Mexico
1. Colonial Period
2. Independence
3. Post Independence 19th century
4. Mexican Revolution
5. Post revolutionary Mexico (1930’s-1980’s)
Map of Mexico
Colonial Period
• Mexico was part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
• Mexico was an important territory for Spanish
empire. It was rich in mineral resources.
• Mexico had a huge indigenous population.
Independence
• Mexico’s independence had two phases
1. 1813-First proclamation of independence. It
was crushed by the Spanish army.
2. 1821-Second proclamation of independence. It
succeeded.
Post Independence
• Once Mexicans achieved independence from
Spain, Agustín de Iturbide created an empire
and appointed himself as Emperor.
• de Iturbide invited the other territories of the
former Viceroyalty of New Spain to join the
empire.
• The empire will last from 1822 until 1823 when
de Iturbide was forced to leave power. Mexico
will become a republic.
Post Independence
• With the establishment of the republic,
Mexicans experienced political instability.
• Two political groups clashed:
Conservatives-believed in the promotion of
aristocratic ideas and the protection of the rights
of the military, elites and church.
Liberals-believed in a restricted democracy and in
reducing the power of the military and church.
Post Independence
• First half of 19th century-Some important
Mexican political leaders
1. Guadalupe Victoria: 1st president of the
republic.
2. Antonio López de Santa Anna dominated
politics from 1833 until 1855.
Post Independence
Mexico lost a big portion of its territory due to the
Mexican American war.
• 1835 Texans rebelled and declared
independence from Mexico. Mexican troops (led
by Santa Anna) tried to crush the rebellion and
succeeded in the Alamo but later failed in the
Battle of San Jacinto.
• 1845 Texas was incorporated by the US.
Post Independence
• Mexicans saw annexation of Texas as an act of
war by the USA.
• Dispute between USA and Mexico over border.
• President James Polk sent troops to Mexico and
Mexicans counterattacked.
• Mexican American War started.
• Results of the war: US paid Mexico 15 million
dollars and took the entire territory from Texas
to California. It was half of Mexico’s domain.
Post Independence
Second half of 19th century: Reforms, Monarchy
and Republic
-Various Liberal governments enacted a series of
sweeping reforms.
1. Abolition of military and ecclesiastical “fueros”-
special dispensations exempting military and
clerics from having to stand trial in civil courts.
2. Prohibition to ecclesiastical and civilian
institutions of ownership of property not
directly used in day to day operations.
3. Transfer of power of registry from Church to
Post Independence
• In reaction to Reforms- War of reforms (1858-
61)-Conservatives vs. Liberals
• Liberal leader Be ...
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2. BACKGROUND
After the independence of many territories and
colonies in Latin America, things stayed pretty
much the same: the poor were still poor and the
aristocracy were the only ones with privileges.
In the early 1900s, the economy was booming
because of exports: plentiful natural resources
and cash crops were sold to industrialized
countries.
These resources were controlled by foreign
investors.
The tiny ruling classes kept economic benefits
for themselves.
These inequalities troubled many countries in
Latin America (LA) and in Mexico, the situation
led to an explosive revolution.
3. THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION
By 1910, the dictator Porfírio Diaz had
ruled Mexico for almost 35 years, winning
reelection again and again.
Mexico enjoyed apparent peace and
economic growth:
Foreign investors developed mines, built
railroads and drilled for oil.
These benefits only reached a small group
of people. The rest of the country lived in
poverty.
4. ROAD TO REVOLUTION
Mexican society X-ray:
Most of the peasants worked on haciendas,
mines or factories, earning meager wages. They
represented the oppressed.
The middle class wanted democracy.
The elite resented the power of foreign
companies.
In 1910, unrest boiled when Francisco
Madero called for general elections, and
Diaz resigned.
5. VIVA LA REVOLUCIÓN!
Fighting raged across Mexico for over a decade. Peasants, small
farmers, urban workers and ranchers were drawn into a violent
struggle.
6. TIERRA Y LIBERTAD!
1.- Faced with rebellion, Diaz resigned after 30 years.
2.- Madero, a liberal reformer, was elected president in
1911. He was assassinated by one of his generals,
Victoriano Huerta, after two years.
3.- Huerta set up his own dictatorship.
4.- Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata and Venustiano
Carranza formed a coalition against Huerta.
Zapata and villa were peasants and wanted change. Carranza, a
rich landowner disagreed.
5.- After defeating Huerta, Carranza turned on his
allies and defeated them.
6.- Carranza became president of Mexico in 1917, with
a new constitution, but reforms were slow to
materialize.
7. THE PRICE OF REFORM
When it ended, the economy
was in shambles and more
than one million people were
dead.
8. ASK YOURSELF
Sequence:
Describe the events of the Mexican
Revolution
Explain:
Explain the economic inequality that
existed in Latin American Countries.
Discuss:
Which were the groups that were unhappy
with Diaz’s regime and list each group’s
interest in the revolution.
9. BRIEF EXCERCISE
Write down two paragraphs
explaining what you understand
from the slogan “Tierra y Libertad”.
Try to put yourself in the average
Mexican’s shoes to show your
feelings.
Do this in a separate sheet of paper,
and hand it in at the end of the
class.
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ellis, E. G., & Esler, A. (2009). World History. (P. Hall, Ed.) Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey, US: Pearson Education INC.
Images taken from www.google.com