This document discusses different methods for collecting and analyzing qualitative data. It describes field studies, historical comparative studies, focus group discussions, and the role of computers in research. The main methods of qualitative data analysis covered are content analysis, thematic analysis, and narrative analysis. Content analysis involves classifying and organizing written, oral, or visual data. Thematic analysis identifies patterns or themes within data. Narrative analysis examines stories or accounts that respondents provide about experiences or events.

1. Methods of Collecting and Analysis
Qualitative Data
Qualitative data come in a vast array of forms:
maps, photos, open-end interview, observation,
documents and so forth.
Methods of collecting qualitative data
1. Field Study
-Ethnography
- Indepth interviw
- Participant observation
2. Historical comparative study
3. Focus group discussion (FGDs)
Steps/Process of qualitative data analysis
1. Conceptualization, identification and
verification of variables
2. Coding
3. Data reduction
4. Data display
5. Drawing conclusion
6. Interpretation
Role of Computers in Different Phases of
Research
• Conceptual phase
• Review Phase
• Design and planning phase
• Empirical or data collection phases
• Data Analysis phase

2. • Reporting phase
Qualitative Data Analysis: Content, Thematic
and Narrative Analysis
Content Analysis
Content analysis is concerned with the classification,
organisation and comparison of the contents of
documents or communication. It is used when we
want to analysis a written or spoken record or events
or items. It includes:
• Written text
• Oral text
• Iconic test
• Hyper text
• Audio-video text
Features
• Objectivity
• Systematic
• Generality
• Inter subjectivity
Steps/Process
2. Specify needed data
3. Map out plans for tabulation
4. Layout the skeleton of the outline
Qualitative Data Analysis
Content Analysis Narrative Analysis Thematic Analysis

3. 5. Fill in categories for each variable
6. Establish procedures for utilising materials
7. Try out the analysis outline and unitizing
them
Simply we can use following steps:
1. Specify the need data
2. Sampling the unit of analysis
3. Categorizing the study unit
4. Classifying and establishing procedures for
unitizing materials
5. Analysis
6. Reporting
Thematic Analysis
Thematic analysis is the process of identifying,
collecting, classifying, analysing, and reporting
pattern (themes) within the data.
Features
8. Understand the pattern or themes of data
9. Indepth study
10.Flexibility
11.Useful to study individual experience
12.Multiple research
13.Well suited to large set of data
Process/Phases of Thematic Analysis

4. Narrative Analysis
Narrative analysis is another widely used method of
qualitative analysis. Narrative or stories occur when
one or more speakers engage in sharing and
recounting and experience or event. The respondents
give a detailed account of themselves and are
encouraged to tell their story rather than answer a
predetermined list of questions.
Forms of narrative or story
• Oral or written
• Very short or long
• Told one's life story
• Experiences on event
Features
• Telling a story or tale
• Sequence of events

5. • Cohesion/unified before and after
• Narrate an experience
• Validity and reliability of story
Steps/process
1. Know needed data
2. Focus on the analysis/Develop unit of
analysis
3. Codify the data/event/experiences
4. Categorise the information
5. Identify the pattern and connection within
and between categories
6. Interpret the result
7. Reporting the findings