Merchant’s circle
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This document discusses Merchant's circle analysis for orthogonal metal cutting. It introduces key terms like shear velocity, chip velocity, shear strain, and shear strength. It lists assumptions of the model including a perfectly sharp tool, planar shear surface, straight cutting edge generating a flat surface, and uniform velocities. Merchant's circle analysis relates the cutting forces - feed force F, thrust force Ft, and shear force Fs - to the shear plane angle ø and tool rake angle α through trigonometric relationships. The goal of Merchant's circle is to analyze minimum power consumption during metal cutting.
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- There are two types of cutting tools: single-point tools which have a single cutting edge and are used for operations like turning and facing, and multi-point tools which have multiple cutting edges and are used for operations like milling and grinding.
- Orthogonal cutting is a type of metal cutting where the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of tool motion, allowing the forces during cutting to be represented in 2D.
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1) The document discusses metal cutting processes and machine tools. It describes different types of machining operations like turning, milling, drilling etc.
2) It explains concepts like shear angle, cutting forces, tool geometry specifications and factors affecting chip formation. Diagrams of tool geometry and forces on cutting tool are provided.
3) Equations to calculate shear angle, cutting forces and power are derived based on Merchant's metal cutting theory which involves minimum energy principle and assumes work material behaves plastically.
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1. The document discusses three common cutting tools: single point cutting tool, twist drill bit cutting tool, and plain milling cutter cutting tool.
2. For each tool, it describes the main parts and provides diagrams labeling the parts. It also discusses the common angles associated with each tool type, such as back rake angle, side rake angle, and relief angles.
3. The document provides a detailed overview of the geometry and features of these basic cutting tools.
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- Objectives of machining like high material removal rate and surface finish, low tool and power costs.
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Please refer this file just as reference material. More concentration should on class room work and text book methodology.
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The document discusses tool specification and chip formation mechanisms. It begins by outlining the American System for specifying tool angles such as rake, relief, and cutting edge angles. It then explains how each angle impacts cutting forces and tool strength. The document also describes the mechanics of chip formation, defining shear angle and relating it to tool rake angle. It outlines factors that influence chip type and discusses tool surfaces and reference planes. Finally, it covers tool wear mechanisms, tool life definitions, and factors that tool life depends on such as cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate.
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Single point cutting tools have a shank, cutting part, and various angles that define their geometry. The rake and relief angles affect cutting forces and tool life. Rake angles control cutting forces, while relief angles provide clearance and prevent rubbing. Tool wear occurs through adhesion, abrasion, and diffusion, degrading the cutting edge over time. Tool life is measured by various criteria like cutting time or material removed before failure. Tool life decreases with higher cutting speeds and increases with lower depths of cut and feed rates. Proper selection of tool geometry and cutting conditions can optimize tool life.
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The document provides information about tool wear and tool life in machining processes. It discusses how tool wear occurs due to forces, temperature, and sliding action during cutting. The three main types of tool wear are flank wear, crater wear, and chipping. Flank wear is caused by abrasion from hard particles in the workpiece while crater wear results from high temperatures and diffusion at the tool-chip interface. Maintaining optimal cutting conditions and tool geometry can increase tool life. The document also covers tool materials, machinability factors, cutting fluids, machining forces, and lathe operations such as turning, facing, and threading.
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This document discusses the theory and mechanics of metal cutting. It begins by defining metal cutting as removing unwanted material from a workpiece through cutting, abrasion, or non-traditional processes. It then covers the basics of orthogonal and oblique metal cutting, tool geometry including rake and relief angles, and different types of chips that can form. The document also discusses important considerations for metal cutting like cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and tool materials commonly used including high-speed steel, cemented carbides, and ceramics.
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Merchant’s circle
- 1. MERCHANT’S CIRCLE By- Bishal Das Nit Mizoram
- 2. Nomenclature
- 4. Shear strain
- 5. Velocity triangle Vs-Shear velocity Vc-Chip velocity V-Velocity of uncut chip By Sin law-
- 6. Assumptions: The tool is perfectly sharp and has no contact along the clearance face The surface, where shear is occurring is a plane The cutting edge is a straight line extending perpendicular to the direction of motion and generates a plane surface as the work moves past it The chip does not flow to either side or no side spread. Uncut chip thickness is constant Width moves with a uniform velocity A continuous chip is produced without any BUE Work moves with a uniform velocity The stress on the spear plane are uniformly distributed.
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