The document discusses factors that determine the cost of electricity generation from different types of power plants. It analyzes construction costs, fuel costs, government incentives, and emissions controls for various conventional and renewable power plants. The lowest cost options are pulverized coal, natural gas combined cycle, and geothermal plants, which have costs around $60 per megawatt-hour. Wind, integrated gasification combined cycle coal, and nuclear plants have higher costs in the $80 per megawatt-hour range due to their high capital costs and financing charges. The natural gas combined cycle plant currently provides low-cost electricity generation throughout the United States.
Feasibility Study of Low Carbon Energy Investments in Jordan. By Bashar Zaghabasharzagha
This feasibility study examines low-carbon energy investments in Jordan. It analyzes the effectiveness of Jordan's renewable energy policies and challenges facing its nuclear energy program. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with private and public organizations. The findings indicate Jordan urgently needs to diversify its energy sources to avoid crisis. However, low-carbon investments face barriers that must be addressed. The government must implement strategies to promote investment and achieve its national energy goals.
Offshore Wind Power Experiences Potential And Key Issues For DeploymentGlenn Klith Andersen
This document provides an overview of offshore wind power experiences, potential, and key issues for deployment. It discusses the current status of offshore wind, including the small amount of capacity installed globally. Most capacity has been in European waters, particularly the UK, Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Offshore wind is currently around 50% more expensive than onshore. The document also examines environmental factors and monitoring programs related to offshore projects. It explores potential development trajectories for offshore wind in 2015, 2030, and 2050 through technological advancements and cost reductions. New offshore concepts being researched are also reviewed. Finally, recommendations are made for future offshore wind research within the International Energy Agency.
Acceleration the utilization of Renewable Energy Sampe Purba
Presented in Asean Clean Energy Week, November 2020
Despite the pandemic covid 19, Indonesia commits to promote the utilization of Renewable Energy in our Energy Mix
This document discusses issues and challenges facing India's energy sector. It notes that India is both a major energy producer and consumer, ranking 7th in production and 5th in consumption globally. Meeting future energy needs is a major challenge as over half the population lacks access to electricity or commercial energy. Coal remains the primary energy resource but reserves will only last 140 more years at current production levels. Import dependence for oil and gas is rising and will likely increase further. Renewable sources currently contribute around 3-6% of energy but will need to supply more to address climate change and energy security concerns.
1) Jamaica relies heavily on oil for electricity production, accounting for about 90% of generation. In response, Jamaica has initiated a fuel diversification program to reduce dependence on oil and stabilize electricity prices.
2) World energy trends show oil, coal, and natural gas will remain dominant fuels for electricity through 2030, with increasingly high prices. Natural gas is projected to have the highest price after oil, but poses fewer environmental concerns than coal.
3) For Jamaica, natural gas represents an attractive alternative fuel option due to projected high oil prices and environmental issues with coal. However, economic use of natural gas depends on factors like transportation methods and regulatory frameworks addressing safety and environmental impacts.
Jordan has excellent solar and wind resources and is making renewable energy a priority. The country aims to source 10% of its energy from renewable sources like solar and wind by 2020. Jordan has established policies and incentives to attract renewable energy investments, including setting ceiling prices for different technologies, net metering, and tax exemptions. Projects are being developed through various approaches such as direct proposals, competitive bidding, and EPC contracts. The first round of direct proposals resulted in several solar PV projects that are now under construction. Jordan is on the right path to significantly increase renewable energy in its energy mix.
Session2_ renewable energy law for jordan (sabra, ministry of energy and mine...RCREEE
The document discusses Jordan's plans to reform its electricity laws and promote renewable energy. It notes Jordan's heavy reliance on imported energy and aims under its energy strategy to diversify energy sources and reduce dependence on imports. Targets include renewable energy comprising 7% of the primary energy mix by 2015 and 10% by 2020, including 600-1000 MW of wind and 300 MW of solar. The proposed Renewable Energy Law aims to provide incentives for renewable energy projects, establish regulations for renewable energy development, and require utilities to purchase electricity from qualified renewable energy facilities.
1. The document discusses the potential for gas-fired power generation in India and challenges facing its development. It analyzes India's power sector, including plans to add 100,000 MW of capacity by 2012 with gas expected to play an important role.
2. Key challenges include meeting capacity targets, with only 27% of 10th Plan targets achieved so far. Private sector investment has also fallen short due to issues obtaining fuel linkages and lack of payment security.
3. Long-term projections see gas demand for power rising to 56-76 bcm/year by 2025, depending on gas prices, to fuel over 40,000 MW of new gas-fired plants. However, achieving this potential faces
Feasibility Study of Low Carbon Energy Investments in Jordan. By Bashar Zaghabasharzagha
This feasibility study examines low-carbon energy investments in Jordan. It analyzes the effectiveness of Jordan's renewable energy policies and challenges facing its nuclear energy program. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with private and public organizations. The findings indicate Jordan urgently needs to diversify its energy sources to avoid crisis. However, low-carbon investments face barriers that must be addressed. The government must implement strategies to promote investment and achieve its national energy goals.
Offshore Wind Power Experiences Potential And Key Issues For DeploymentGlenn Klith Andersen
This document provides an overview of offshore wind power experiences, potential, and key issues for deployment. It discusses the current status of offshore wind, including the small amount of capacity installed globally. Most capacity has been in European waters, particularly the UK, Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Offshore wind is currently around 50% more expensive than onshore. The document also examines environmental factors and monitoring programs related to offshore projects. It explores potential development trajectories for offshore wind in 2015, 2030, and 2050 through technological advancements and cost reductions. New offshore concepts being researched are also reviewed. Finally, recommendations are made for future offshore wind research within the International Energy Agency.
Acceleration the utilization of Renewable Energy Sampe Purba
Presented in Asean Clean Energy Week, November 2020
Despite the pandemic covid 19, Indonesia commits to promote the utilization of Renewable Energy in our Energy Mix
This document discusses issues and challenges facing India's energy sector. It notes that India is both a major energy producer and consumer, ranking 7th in production and 5th in consumption globally. Meeting future energy needs is a major challenge as over half the population lacks access to electricity or commercial energy. Coal remains the primary energy resource but reserves will only last 140 more years at current production levels. Import dependence for oil and gas is rising and will likely increase further. Renewable sources currently contribute around 3-6% of energy but will need to supply more to address climate change and energy security concerns.
1) Jamaica relies heavily on oil for electricity production, accounting for about 90% of generation. In response, Jamaica has initiated a fuel diversification program to reduce dependence on oil and stabilize electricity prices.
2) World energy trends show oil, coal, and natural gas will remain dominant fuels for electricity through 2030, with increasingly high prices. Natural gas is projected to have the highest price after oil, but poses fewer environmental concerns than coal.
3) For Jamaica, natural gas represents an attractive alternative fuel option due to projected high oil prices and environmental issues with coal. However, economic use of natural gas depends on factors like transportation methods and regulatory frameworks addressing safety and environmental impacts.
Jordan has excellent solar and wind resources and is making renewable energy a priority. The country aims to source 10% of its energy from renewable sources like solar and wind by 2020. Jordan has established policies and incentives to attract renewable energy investments, including setting ceiling prices for different technologies, net metering, and tax exemptions. Projects are being developed through various approaches such as direct proposals, competitive bidding, and EPC contracts. The first round of direct proposals resulted in several solar PV projects that are now under construction. Jordan is on the right path to significantly increase renewable energy in its energy mix.
Session2_ renewable energy law for jordan (sabra, ministry of energy and mine...RCREEE
The document discusses Jordan's plans to reform its electricity laws and promote renewable energy. It notes Jordan's heavy reliance on imported energy and aims under its energy strategy to diversify energy sources and reduce dependence on imports. Targets include renewable energy comprising 7% of the primary energy mix by 2015 and 10% by 2020, including 600-1000 MW of wind and 300 MW of solar. The proposed Renewable Energy Law aims to provide incentives for renewable energy projects, establish regulations for renewable energy development, and require utilities to purchase electricity from qualified renewable energy facilities.
1. The document discusses the potential for gas-fired power generation in India and challenges facing its development. It analyzes India's power sector, including plans to add 100,000 MW of capacity by 2012 with gas expected to play an important role.
2. Key challenges include meeting capacity targets, with only 27% of 10th Plan targets achieved so far. Private sector investment has also fallen short due to issues obtaining fuel linkages and lack of payment security.
3. Long-term projections see gas demand for power rising to 56-76 bcm/year by 2025, depending on gas prices, to fuel over 40,000 MW of new gas-fired plants. However, achieving this potential faces
This document summarizes updated capital cost estimates for various electricity generation technologies that were commissioned by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Key findings include that overnight capital costs for coal and nuclear plants are 25-37% higher than prior estimates, while natural gas costs remained similar. Solar photovoltaic costs declined 25% due to larger plant sizes and lower component costs. Onshore wind costs increased 21%, while offshore wind costs increased 50% to reflect first-of-a-kind U.S. project costs. Geothermal and biomass costs also increased versus prior estimates. These updated cost estimates will be used in EIA's modeling and analysis of technology choices in the electric power sector.
The document discusses Peachtree Green Advisors, an investment banking firm focused on clean technology and renewable energy transactions. It provides an overview of the company's services, including capital raising, mergers and acquisitions, and grant advisory work. It also summarizes key energy and climate trends like declining fossil fuel usage in the US, growing foreign oil dependence, and government policies and investments driving increased renewable energy adoption.
Climate finance sato (jica)coop geothermal energy dvpt indonesia-ccxg gf marc...OECD Environment
JICA has been supporting geothermal energy development in Indonesia through various projects and policy studies. Geothermal energy faces challenges of high exploration costs and risks that discourage private sector investment. JICA helped design Indonesia's geothermal fund and feed-in tariff policy to mitigate risks for private investors. JICA also assists the government with resource surveys and building capacity at the Center for Geothermal Resources to improve development planning. Moving forward, JICA will continue supporting policy improvements, operation of the geothermal fund, and building survey capacity to further scale up geothermal power in Indonesia.
THE STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES DEPLOYMENT IN THE CZECH R...Riobras CZ s.r.o.
As part of the EU common energy policy adopted in 2007, the Czech Republic has established a commitment to achieve an 8% share of electricity generated from renewable energy sources (RES) in domestic electricity generation by 2010 and achieve a share of 13% of energy made from RES per final consumption before 2020. This contribution suggests a balanced scorecard (BSC) model aimed to set up a group of strategic objectives, initiatives, key performance indicators (KPIs) and targets that can be adopted in the Czech Republic in order to foster a sustainable deployment of renewable energy technologies. The model provides a strategy map showing four perspectives over which the objectives are organized and aligned through a cause-effect relation: Learning and Development, Energy Supply Systems, Energy Services Consumers, and Welfare.
This document provides an overview of energy use and the electricity sector in Saudi Arabia. It discusses that Saudi Arabia relies heavily on oil revenues and production, with oil making up 90-95% of export earnings. It also has significant natural gas resources. The electricity sector is growing rapidly to meet increasing demand of 5% or more annually. Current installed capacity is 27,260 MW but plans are in place to increase this to 66,400 MW by 2023 to accommodate population and economic growth. Energy use is dominated by transportation, power generation and industrial consumption. The institutional structure governing the energy sector is spread across various ministries and companies rather than centralized under a single authority.
This application note presents and illustrates key elements associated with the economic analysis of wind energy projects and is aimed at municipalities, cooperatives, investors, and companies that want to install wind parks on their premises.
Over the past decade, wind energy capacity has increased significantly, mainly driven by national support schemes. This enabled technological improvements and cost reductions per unit of installed power. More recently, with the global financial crisis (and the associated tight financing conditions) behind us, appetite for wind investments has increased. According to WindEurope, wind energy investments in Europe increased by 5% in 2016 with respect to 2015 (totaling €27.5bn of new investments in 2016). Wind energy investments accounted for nearly 90% of the new renewable energy finance in 2016, compared to approximately 70% in 2015.
Wind investments can provide an attractive risk/return profile, as well as other potential benefits such as risk diversification and a hedge against rising fuel prices. Currently, revenues from wind projects are usually based on PPA revenues plus subsidies, which tend to be market-based (e.g. a premium over a market price). However, the characteristics of recent wind energy auctions and Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) being closed worldwide show that in some cases wind is already cost-competitive with traditional energy sources.
The viability of wind projects will depend upon a business model based on a stable scheme that enables long-term predictable revenue streams, regardless of whether it is market driven (PPA) or politically driven (FiT). Financing costs are highly dependent upon the stability of the regulatory framework (the more stable, the lower the financing costs) and the risk profile of the investment (financing cost decreases with increasing accuracy in estimates, better risk management, more industry experience, and more standardization).
In all cases, an economic analysis of the investment opportunity is required before undertaking the project. Several financial indicators are useful for assessing the viability of the project, including IRR, NPV, and payback period, among others. Moreover, it is advised that conservative assumptions be used in the financial model and sensitivity analysis be performed to consider the impact of different scenarios on profitability.
Even though a wind energy investment is exposed to different risks (technical, legal, and financial, among others), there are many ways these risks can be reduced throughout the lifetime of the project. For instance, technology risk can be reduced by installing proven wind turbines, relying on warranties, and performing preventive maintenance.
Enco Group Q3, 2017 - Tanzania coal mine and clean power presentation Chris Kuntz
Investment Opportunity in East Africa. Requires $750 - 900 million in Debt. 20% Equity Stake available now to qualified investors seeking higher than above average ROI over 20yrs
Pakistan faces chronic power shortages that hamper its economic growth. It relies heavily on expensive imported furnace oil for power generation, adding to consumer costs and debt. Investment in power generation is constrained by limited resources, leading to widespread load shedding. The country urgently needs to generate affordable base load power. The current supply-demand gap requires immediate addition of base load, shoulder, and peak load generation. A proposed project would establish two 660 MW supercritical coal-fired power units in Jamshoro, Sindh, providing over 20% of current shortfall at fuel costs 20-30% lower than furnace oil or diesel. The project aims to meet domestic, industrial, and agricultural electricity needs to support
Presentation on global and Philippine energy industry update and outlook for the Asian Institute of Technology-organized "Design and Delivery of a Professional Development Course on Effective Negotiation and Strategic Management for Gas, Oil and Coal Industries" for senior officials of the Bangladesh energy and power industry
Gas Arabia Summit: Unconventional Gas Developments in the GulfEnergy Intelligence
Rana Samaha, Middle East R&A Director at Energy Intelligence, presented at the 10th Gas Arabia Summit, Dubai, January 13, 2015.
These slides include content on:
1.) US Shale gas developments: Key success factors
2.) GCC gas imbalances; role of unconventional gas developments
3.) GCC NOC's different approaches; Saudi Aramco's mandate
The document discusses Myanmar's electricity needs and proposes short-term solutions to increase private small-scale power generation. It notes Myanmar's low electricity production and high prices compared to its neighbors. It recommends drafting laws to allow private companies to set up small power plants (1-10MW) fueled by oil, gas, biomass or solar to provide power to villages and industries. In the long-term, it suggests the government invest in large hydro and natural gas plants while updating the grid and transmission lines. The proposal includes technical presentations on setting up and operating small power plants profitably for 5 years before larger state plants take over.
This document discusses India's energy scenario in the year 2020. It analyzes India's primary energy resources and their development over time. Coal is India's most abundant resource but reserves are limited. The document also examines India's energy supply infrastructure including electricity generation and oil refining. Three scenarios for India's energy demand in 2020 are considered: Business as Usual, Efficiency-Oriented, and Environmentally Constrained. The methodology for projecting long-term energy demand under each scenario is also described.
Harris, MEMR - Indonesia's RE Investment Promotion Strategy in Eastern IslandsOECD Environment
Presentation by Harris, MEMR - OECD Focus Group Discussion: Investment models for scaling up renewable energy deployment in Indonesia's eastern islands, 21 October 2020
This document explores how the efficiency of converting coal into electricity at coal-fired power plants is measured and reported. It discusses factors that influence efficiency values and emissions reporting, and presents a generic methodology for reconciling efficiency measurements on a common basis to allow for accurate comparisons. The methodology accounts for variables such as coal quality, plant configuration, and operating conditions. It recommends establishing an international database of power plant performance data to help identify underperforming plants for potential efficiency improvements. This would help policymakers monitor and regulate coal use for power generation in a more sustainable manner.
01- REEE Course - Energy Legal Framework in JordanSamer Zawaydeh
This document provides an overview of renewable energy and energy efficiency regulations in Jordan presented by Eng. Samer A Zawaydeh. It discusses Jordan's renewable energy and energy efficiency law, national energy efficiency action plan, strategies to reduce electricity losses, renewable energy projects through expressions of interest, and standards and codes related to building energy efficiency. The presentation aims to explain Jordan's legal framework for promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency.
The document provides an overview of Saran Entec, a joint venture between Saran Holding and Entec Group specialized in renewable energy project development in Turkey. It describes the structure and expertise of both partners, and outlines Saran Entec's operating model for the engineering, procurement, construction, and operation of solar photovoltaic projects. Key services discussed include project development, design, construction, commissioning, and long-term operation and maintenance.
George Booras, EPRI - Power plant capture case studies - IntroductionGlobal CCS Institute
This document summarizes a presentation on cost estimates for carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications in power plants. It discusses challenges in estimating costs for retrofitting CCS to existing power plants. It also emphasizes that research and development are critical to driving down costs and enabling the learning-by-doing necessary for CCS technologies to be deployed at large scale. Sharing lessons learned from early CCS projects is important for the long-term success of carbon capture.
This document summarizes updated capital cost estimates for various electricity generation technologies that were commissioned by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Key findings include that overnight capital costs for coal and nuclear plants are 25-37% higher than prior estimates, while natural gas costs remained similar. Solar photovoltaic costs declined 25% due to larger plant sizes and lower component costs. Onshore wind costs increased 21%, while offshore wind costs increased 50% to reflect first-of-a-kind U.S. project costs. Geothermal and biomass costs also increased versus prior estimates. These updated cost estimates will be used in EIA's modeling and analysis of technology choices in the electric power sector.
The document discusses Peachtree Green Advisors, an investment banking firm focused on clean technology and renewable energy transactions. It provides an overview of the company's services, including capital raising, mergers and acquisitions, and grant advisory work. It also summarizes key energy and climate trends like declining fossil fuel usage in the US, growing foreign oil dependence, and government policies and investments driving increased renewable energy adoption.
Climate finance sato (jica)coop geothermal energy dvpt indonesia-ccxg gf marc...OECD Environment
JICA has been supporting geothermal energy development in Indonesia through various projects and policy studies. Geothermal energy faces challenges of high exploration costs and risks that discourage private sector investment. JICA helped design Indonesia's geothermal fund and feed-in tariff policy to mitigate risks for private investors. JICA also assists the government with resource surveys and building capacity at the Center for Geothermal Resources to improve development planning. Moving forward, JICA will continue supporting policy improvements, operation of the geothermal fund, and building survey capacity to further scale up geothermal power in Indonesia.
THE STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES DEPLOYMENT IN THE CZECH R...Riobras CZ s.r.o.
As part of the EU common energy policy adopted in 2007, the Czech Republic has established a commitment to achieve an 8% share of electricity generated from renewable energy sources (RES) in domestic electricity generation by 2010 and achieve a share of 13% of energy made from RES per final consumption before 2020. This contribution suggests a balanced scorecard (BSC) model aimed to set up a group of strategic objectives, initiatives, key performance indicators (KPIs) and targets that can be adopted in the Czech Republic in order to foster a sustainable deployment of renewable energy technologies. The model provides a strategy map showing four perspectives over which the objectives are organized and aligned through a cause-effect relation: Learning and Development, Energy Supply Systems, Energy Services Consumers, and Welfare.
This document provides an overview of energy use and the electricity sector in Saudi Arabia. It discusses that Saudi Arabia relies heavily on oil revenues and production, with oil making up 90-95% of export earnings. It also has significant natural gas resources. The electricity sector is growing rapidly to meet increasing demand of 5% or more annually. Current installed capacity is 27,260 MW but plans are in place to increase this to 66,400 MW by 2023 to accommodate population and economic growth. Energy use is dominated by transportation, power generation and industrial consumption. The institutional structure governing the energy sector is spread across various ministries and companies rather than centralized under a single authority.
This application note presents and illustrates key elements associated with the economic analysis of wind energy projects and is aimed at municipalities, cooperatives, investors, and companies that want to install wind parks on their premises.
Over the past decade, wind energy capacity has increased significantly, mainly driven by national support schemes. This enabled technological improvements and cost reductions per unit of installed power. More recently, with the global financial crisis (and the associated tight financing conditions) behind us, appetite for wind investments has increased. According to WindEurope, wind energy investments in Europe increased by 5% in 2016 with respect to 2015 (totaling €27.5bn of new investments in 2016). Wind energy investments accounted for nearly 90% of the new renewable energy finance in 2016, compared to approximately 70% in 2015.
Wind investments can provide an attractive risk/return profile, as well as other potential benefits such as risk diversification and a hedge against rising fuel prices. Currently, revenues from wind projects are usually based on PPA revenues plus subsidies, which tend to be market-based (e.g. a premium over a market price). However, the characteristics of recent wind energy auctions and Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) being closed worldwide show that in some cases wind is already cost-competitive with traditional energy sources.
The viability of wind projects will depend upon a business model based on a stable scheme that enables long-term predictable revenue streams, regardless of whether it is market driven (PPA) or politically driven (FiT). Financing costs are highly dependent upon the stability of the regulatory framework (the more stable, the lower the financing costs) and the risk profile of the investment (financing cost decreases with increasing accuracy in estimates, better risk management, more industry experience, and more standardization).
In all cases, an economic analysis of the investment opportunity is required before undertaking the project. Several financial indicators are useful for assessing the viability of the project, including IRR, NPV, and payback period, among others. Moreover, it is advised that conservative assumptions be used in the financial model and sensitivity analysis be performed to consider the impact of different scenarios on profitability.
Even though a wind energy investment is exposed to different risks (technical, legal, and financial, among others), there are many ways these risks can be reduced throughout the lifetime of the project. For instance, technology risk can be reduced by installing proven wind turbines, relying on warranties, and performing preventive maintenance.
Enco Group Q3, 2017 - Tanzania coal mine and clean power presentation Chris Kuntz
Investment Opportunity in East Africa. Requires $750 - 900 million in Debt. 20% Equity Stake available now to qualified investors seeking higher than above average ROI over 20yrs
Pakistan faces chronic power shortages that hamper its economic growth. It relies heavily on expensive imported furnace oil for power generation, adding to consumer costs and debt. Investment in power generation is constrained by limited resources, leading to widespread load shedding. The country urgently needs to generate affordable base load power. The current supply-demand gap requires immediate addition of base load, shoulder, and peak load generation. A proposed project would establish two 660 MW supercritical coal-fired power units in Jamshoro, Sindh, providing over 20% of current shortfall at fuel costs 20-30% lower than furnace oil or diesel. The project aims to meet domestic, industrial, and agricultural electricity needs to support
Presentation on global and Philippine energy industry update and outlook for the Asian Institute of Technology-organized "Design and Delivery of a Professional Development Course on Effective Negotiation and Strategic Management for Gas, Oil and Coal Industries" for senior officials of the Bangladesh energy and power industry
Gas Arabia Summit: Unconventional Gas Developments in the GulfEnergy Intelligence
Rana Samaha, Middle East R&A Director at Energy Intelligence, presented at the 10th Gas Arabia Summit, Dubai, January 13, 2015.
These slides include content on:
1.) US Shale gas developments: Key success factors
2.) GCC gas imbalances; role of unconventional gas developments
3.) GCC NOC's different approaches; Saudi Aramco's mandate
The document discusses Myanmar's electricity needs and proposes short-term solutions to increase private small-scale power generation. It notes Myanmar's low electricity production and high prices compared to its neighbors. It recommends drafting laws to allow private companies to set up small power plants (1-10MW) fueled by oil, gas, biomass or solar to provide power to villages and industries. In the long-term, it suggests the government invest in large hydro and natural gas plants while updating the grid and transmission lines. The proposal includes technical presentations on setting up and operating small power plants profitably for 5 years before larger state plants take over.
This document discusses India's energy scenario in the year 2020. It analyzes India's primary energy resources and their development over time. Coal is India's most abundant resource but reserves are limited. The document also examines India's energy supply infrastructure including electricity generation and oil refining. Three scenarios for India's energy demand in 2020 are considered: Business as Usual, Efficiency-Oriented, and Environmentally Constrained. The methodology for projecting long-term energy demand under each scenario is also described.
Harris, MEMR - Indonesia's RE Investment Promotion Strategy in Eastern IslandsOECD Environment
Presentation by Harris, MEMR - OECD Focus Group Discussion: Investment models for scaling up renewable energy deployment in Indonesia's eastern islands, 21 October 2020
This document explores how the efficiency of converting coal into electricity at coal-fired power plants is measured and reported. It discusses factors that influence efficiency values and emissions reporting, and presents a generic methodology for reconciling efficiency measurements on a common basis to allow for accurate comparisons. The methodology accounts for variables such as coal quality, plant configuration, and operating conditions. It recommends establishing an international database of power plant performance data to help identify underperforming plants for potential efficiency improvements. This would help policymakers monitor and regulate coal use for power generation in a more sustainable manner.
01- REEE Course - Energy Legal Framework in JordanSamer Zawaydeh
This document provides an overview of renewable energy and energy efficiency regulations in Jordan presented by Eng. Samer A Zawaydeh. It discusses Jordan's renewable energy and energy efficiency law, national energy efficiency action plan, strategies to reduce electricity losses, renewable energy projects through expressions of interest, and standards and codes related to building energy efficiency. The presentation aims to explain Jordan's legal framework for promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency.
The document provides an overview of Saran Entec, a joint venture between Saran Holding and Entec Group specialized in renewable energy project development in Turkey. It describes the structure and expertise of both partners, and outlines Saran Entec's operating model for the engineering, procurement, construction, and operation of solar photovoltaic projects. Key services discussed include project development, design, construction, commissioning, and long-term operation and maintenance.
George Booras, EPRI - Power plant capture case studies - IntroductionGlobal CCS Institute
This document summarizes a presentation on cost estimates for carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications in power plants. It discusses challenges in estimating costs for retrofitting CCS to existing power plants. It also emphasizes that research and development are critical to driving down costs and enabling the learning-by-doing necessary for CCS technologies to be deployed at large scale. Sharing lessons learned from early CCS projects is important for the long-term success of carbon capture.
The document provides a cost benefit analysis of the proposed Haripur Nuclear Power Plant in West Bengal, India. Key points:
- The plant was proposed in 2006 but faced public opposition and was suspended. It would have had a capacity of 10,000 MW generated from 6 reactors.
- The site at Haripur is a fertile agricultural and fishing area that supports many local livelihoods. Building the plant would have displaced over 80,000 people.
- The analysis identifies and quantifies the various costs and benefits of the proposed plant to determine if it would provide a net benefit to society. Factors like energy production, employment, and environmental impacts are considered.
- While the plant may have
This document discusses constraints and load flow analysis in power systems. It outlines four key constraints: active power constraint, reactive power constraint, voltage magnitude constraint, and load angle constraint. It also describes load flow analysis as a balanced mechanism between demand and generation under incremental loading. Load flow analysis is important for the safe and future operation of power systems. The document further discusses bus classification, basic power flow conditions including the proportional relationships between reactive power and voltage and active power and load angle. It also covers the development of the Y-bus matrix considering line resistances and inductances alone and then including line capacitances.
This document presents an overview of economic load dispatch in power systems. It discusses the objectives of economic dispatch as generating required power at minimum cost. It describes different constraints like generator limits, transmission limits and voltage limits that need to be considered. It explains the operating costs of thermal plants using heat rate and fuel cost curves. It provides formulations for economic dispatch neglecting and including transmission losses. The document uses examples to illustrate the iterative method used to solve economic dispatch problems.
This document discusses curriculum development and Hilda Taba's model for curriculum design. It defines curriculum as activities designed by teachers and students to achieve educational goals. Curriculum development is the systematic planning of what is taught and learned, as reflected in courses of study. Taba's model involves 7 steps: 1) diagnosing student needs, 2) formulating objectives, 3) selecting content, 4) organizing content, 5) selecting learning experiences, 6) organizing learning experiences, and 7) evaluating. This grass-roots approach places teachers at the center of curriculum design rather than higher authorities.
The first quarter of 2009 has ushered in a new era for the alternate energy market in the US. This has resulted in a visible increase in interest on alternate energy technologies. Most would think the attention to alternate energy has come just in time, especially with the rise in fossil fuel prices, stringent environmental regulations, and significant changes in preferences among consumers.
Wind power provides a renewable energy alternative, but has some disadvantages compared to other sources. Onshore wind has lower installation costs than offshore wind, but offshore wind has higher capacity factors and may have fewer social and environmental impacts. Over a turbine's lifetime, installation costs make up about 75% of overall costs. Operation and maintenance costs are also significant, especially for offshore wind where access and repairs are more difficult. For wind power to fulfill its green potential, improvements in battery or energy storage technologies are needed to address the intermittency of wind as a resource.
This document discusses wind power technologies and costs. It provides three key findings:
1. Installed costs for onshore wind farms in 2010 ranged from $1,300-$1,400/kW in China and Denmark to $1,800-$2,200/kW in most other major markets. Offshore wind farms cost $4,000-$4,500/kW.
2. Operations and maintenance costs account for 11-30% of the levelized cost of electricity for onshore wind, averaging $0.01-$0.025/kWh. Offshore O&M costs are higher at $0.027-$0.048/kWh.
3. The
The document summarizes the costs of different energy technologies. It finds that while upfront capital costs are lower for fossil fuels, accounting for additional costs like carbon capture, public health impacts, and climate change effects makes fossil fuels more expensive than renewable sources over the lifetime of the projects. Renewable costs are expected to continue declining due to technological learning and economies of scale, while fossil fuel and nuclear costs are subject to greater uncertainty and overruns. The document concludes that hidden costs are much lower for wind and solar power compared to traditional sources like coal and gas.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | DOE NETL Report- Cost & Performance Baseline for Fossil ...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides a summary of cost and performance baselines for fossil energy power plants, including integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), pulverized coal (PC), and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) configurations. Key findings include:
- IGCC, PC, and NGCC plants without carbon capture can achieve efficiencies of 39%, 39%, and 58% respectively. With capture, efficiencies drop to 32-35%, 30-33%, and 45-48%.
- Total overnight capital costs for non-capture plants are $718/kW for NGCC, $2,010/kW for PC, and $2,505/kW for IGCC on average. Capture increases
Ibm smarter asset management for renewable energy finalbenhanley77
This document discusses how smarter asset management solutions can help the renewable energy industry in the UK meet targets of generating 30% of electricity from renewable sources by 2020. It provides background on UK renewable energy policy and financial incentives that have driven significant growth. Asset management solutions could help accelerate construction, reduce downtime, increase reliability and enhance return on investment across the renewable energy lifecycle from project planning and deployment to operations and maintenance.
Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2015 EditionSLoW Projects
Projected Costs of Generating Electricity – 2015 Edition is the eighth report in the series on the levelised costs of generating electricity.
This report presents the results of work performed in 2014 and early 2015 to calculate the cost of generating electricity for both baseload electricity generated from fossil fuel thermal and nuclear power stations, and a range of renewable generation, includingvariable sources such as wind and solar.
It is a forward-looking study, based on the expected cost of commissioning these plants in 2020.
This document is a student assignment on energy policy and economics that analyzes installing a combined heat and power (CHP) system for a manufacturing plant. It includes an introduction on energy policies, a feasibility evaluation of the plant's energy needs, an analysis of the costs and emissions reductions of a CHP system compared to the plant's current electricity and heating sources, and a payback calculation showing the CHP system would pay for itself in under 2 years. Key details provided include the plant's electrical and thermal load requirements, current energy costs, specifications of the proposed CHP system, estimated costs and savings, and reductions in CO2 and other emissions.
The Economics and Finance of Offshore WindEamon Keane
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1. CONTENT
CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
Content List i
1 Preface ii
2 General Description 3
General Description 3
3 The Cost 3
1. Government incentives 4
2. Capital (investment) cost 4
3. Fuel costs 5
4. Air Emissions Controls for Coal and Gas Plants 7
4 Equation And Calculation 10
5 Conclusion 11
6 References 12
7 Attachment 13
i
0
2. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
PREFACE
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and grateful to Allah S.W.T. for
giving me blessing in completing this assignment as scheduled.
The purpose of this assignment is to provide a complete course in Electrical for my studying
in Master Electrical Engineering (Power), beside this assignment also improve knowledge
and information about the power plant economic dispatch to me.
This paper summarize the factors that determine the cost of electricity from power plants. The
factors - including construction costs, fuel expense, environmental regulations, and financing
costs - can all be affected by government energy, environmental, and economic policies.
Government decisions to influence, or not influence, these factors can largely determine the
kind of power plants that are built in the future. For example, government policies aimed at
reducing the cost of constructing power plants could especially benefit nuclear plants, which
are costly to build. Policies that reduce the cost of fossil fuels could benefit natural gas plants,
which are inexpensive to build but rely on an expensive fuel.
Acknowledgement and thanks are due to all those who have assisted in any way in the
development of the work, including those who have indirectly involved. I especially wish to
record my sincere thanks for continued encouragement and support which I received from my
lecturer, Dr. Pauzi, Electrical Engineering Faculty, UTM. Acknowledgement is also made
of the many sources; Perpustakaan Sultanah Zanariah UTM, and director of Institute
Kemahiran MARA, Johor Bahru.
Last but not least, I would like to apologize for any shortcoming in this assignment.
Hopefully the best will be from Allah S.W.T and His blessing too.
Thank you.
Universiti Technologi Malaysia (UTM)
Master Electrical Engineering (Power)
1ii
3. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). About 16% of global
final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional
biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewables
accounted for another 3% and are growing very rapidly. The share of renewables in
electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of global electricity coming from
hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables[1]. On the other hand the conventional power is
described other than that. Coal, fuel, gas, nuclear and oil shale are categorised as
conventional while biomass, geothermal, hydro, marine, solar and wind are categorised as
renewable. Hence the types of power plant was named by refering to their energy source. In
this paper, we will discuss several conventional and renewable power plant which including
the differences type of power plant, mathematical formula of generation cost for each type
and comparing the generation in term in cost environment impact.
THE COST
The cost of electricity are depending on several factors. These factors - including construction
costs, fuel expense, environmental regulations, and financing costs - can all be affected by
government energy, environmental, and economic policies. Government decisions to
influence, or not influence, these factors can largely determine the kind of power plants that
are built in the future. For example, government policies aimed at reducing the cost of
constructing power plants could especially benefit nuclear plants, which are costly to build.
Policies that reduce the cost of fossil fuels could benefit natural gas plants, which are
inexpensive to build but rely on an expensive fuel.
The major factors that determine the costs of building and operating power plants. These
factors include:
Government incentives.
Capital (investment) cost, including construction costs and financing.
Fuel costs.
Air emissions controls for coal and natural gas plants.
2
4. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
Government Incentives
Many government incentives influence the cost of generating electricity. In some cases the
incentives have a direct and clear influence on the cost of building or operating a power plant,
such as the renewable investment tax credit. Other programs have less direct affects that are
difficult to measure, such as parts of the tax code that influence the cost of producing fossil
fuel. [2]
Capital and Financing Costs
Construction Cost Components and Trends. Most of the generating technologies discussed
in this report are capital intensive; that is, they require a large initial construction investment
relative to the amount of generating capacity built. Power plant capital costs are often
discussed in terms of dollars per kilowatt (kW) of generating capacity. All of the technologies
considered in this report have estimated 2008 costs of $2,100 per kW or greater, with the
exception of the natural gas combined cycle plant ($1,200 see Appendix B). Nuclear,
geothermal, and IGCC plants have estimated costs in excess of $3,000 per kW. Power plant
capital costs have several components. Published information on plant costs often do not
clearly distinguish which components are included in an estimate, or different analysts may
use different definitions. The capital cost components are:
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) cost: this is the cost of the
primary contract for building the plant. It includes the cost of designing the facility,
buying the equipment and materials, and construction.
Owner’s costs: these are any construction costs that the owner handles outside the
EPC contract. This could include arranging for the construction of transmission and
fuel delivery facilities (such as a natural gas pipeline) to a power plant.
Capitalized financing charges: a plant developer incurs financing charges while a
power plant is being built. This includes interest on debt and an imputed cost of equity
capital. Until the plant is operating these costs are capitalized; that is, become part of
the investment cost of the project for tax, regulatory, and financial analysis purposes
Construction costs for power plants have escalated at an extraordinary rate since the
beginning of this decade. According to one analysis, the cost of building a power plant
increased by 131% between 2000 and 2008 (or by 82% if nuclear plants are excluded from
the estimate). Costs reportedly increased by 69% just since 2005. The cost increases affected
3
5. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
all types of generation. For example, between 2000 and 2008, the cost of wind capacity
reportedly increased by 108%, coal increased by 78%, and gas-fired plants by 92%.The cost
increases have been attributed to many factors, including:
High prices for raw and semi-finished materials, such as iron ore, steel, and cement.
Strong worldwide demand for generating equipment. China, for example, is
reportedly building an average of about one coal-fired generating station a week. [3]
Low value of the dollar.
Rising construction labor costs, and a shortage of skilled and experienced engineering
staff.
An atrophied domestic and international industrial and specialized labor base for
nuclear plant construction and components.
In the case of wind, competition for the best plant sites and a tight market for wind
turbines; in the case of nuclear plants, limited global capacity to produce large and
ultra-large forgings for reactor pressure vessels.
Coincident worldwide demand for similar resources from other business sectors,
including general construction and the construction of process plants such as
refineries. Much of the demand is driven by the rapidly growing economies of Asia.
The future trend in construction costs is a critical question for the power industry. Continued
increases in capital costs would favor building natural gas plants, which have lower capital
costs than most alternatives. Stable or declining construction costs would improve the
economics of capital-intensive generating technologies, such as nuclear power and wind. At
least some long-term moderation in cost escalation is likely, as demand growth slackens and
new supply capacity is added. But when and to what degree cost increases will moderate is as
unpredictable as the recent cost escalation was unforeseen.
Fuel Costs
Fuel costs are important to the economics of coal, nuclear, and natural gas plants, and
irrelevant to solar, geothermal, and wind power. Recent trends in the delivered cost of coal
and natural gas to power plants are illustrated below in Figure 3. The constant dollar prices
of both fuels have increased since the beginning of the decade, but the price escalation has
been especially severe for natural gas. Natural gas has also been consistently more expensive
than coal. The comparatively low cost of coal partly compensates for the high cost of
4
6. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
building coal plants, while the high cost of natural gas negates part of the capital cost and
efficiency advantages of combined cycle technology.
Because it takes years to build a power plant, and plants are designed to operate for
decades, generation plans largely pivot on fuel price forecasts. However, fuel prices have
been notoriously difficult to predict. For example, EIA forecasts of delivered coal prices and
natural gas wellhead prices have been off target by an average of, respectively, 47% and
64%. EIA’s analysis illustrates how the confluence of technological, regulatory, resource, and
domestic and international market factors make fuel forecasts so problematic. Fuel price
uncertainty is especially important in evaluating the economics of natural gas-fired combined
cycle plants. For the base assumptions used in this study, fuel constitutes half of the total cost
of power from a new combined cycle plant, compared to 18% for a coal plant and 6% for a
nuclear plant.
5
7. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
The price of the uranium used to make nuclear fuel has, like coal and natural gas, increased
sharply and has been volatile (Figure 4). Although prices have recently dropped, they are still
far above historic levels.69 Over the long term, EIA expects nuclear fuel prices to increase in
real terms from $0.58 per mmbtu in 2007 to $0.77 per mmbtu in 2023, and then slowly
decline. Even prices twice as high would not have a major impact on nuclear plant
economics, which are dominated by the capital cost of building the plant.
Air Emissions Controls for Coal and Gas Plants
Regulations that limit air emissions from coal and natural gas plants can impose two types of
costs: The cost of installing and operating control equipment, and the cost of allowances that
permit plants to emit pollutants. The following emissions are discussed below:
Conventional Emissions. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for several pollutants, including SO2,
NOx, ozone, and particulates. New coal and natural gas plants built in areas in compliance
with a NAAQS standard must install Best Available Control Technology (BACT) pollution
control equipment that will keep emissions sufficiently low that the area will stay in
compliance. Plants built in areas not in compliance with a NAAQS (referred to as “non-
6
8. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
attainment” areas) must meet a tighter Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) standard.
In practice, air permit emissions are negotiated case-by-case between the developer and state
air authorities. Federal standards set a ceiling; state permits can specify lower emission limits.
In addition to technology control costs, new plants that emit SO2 must buy SO2 emission
allowances under the acid rain control program established by Title IV of the Clean Air Act.
Depending on the location of a new plant, it may also need to purchase NOx allowances.
Base Case
Key Observations.
The lowest cost generating technologies in the Base Case are pulverized coal, geothermal,
and natural gas combined cycle plants. All have costs around $60 per Mwh (2008 dollars).
Based on the assumptions in this report, other technologies are at least a third more
expensive.
Of the three lowest cost technologies, geothermal plants are limited to available sites in the
West that typically support only small plants, and coal plants have become harder to build
due to cost and environmental issues. The gas-fired combined cycle plant is currently a
technology that can be built at a large scale, for cycling or baseload service, throughout the
United States.
7
9. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
The above projections are based on private (IOU or IPP) funding of power projects. The cost
per MWh drops precipitously if the developer is assumed to be a POU with low-cost
financing. However, most POUs are small and do not have the financial or managerial
resources to build large power projects.
Under the Base Case assumptions, the lowest-cost options are pulverized coal, natural gas
combined cycle, and geothermal generation, all in the $60 per Mwh (2008 dollars) range
(column 10). These results are attributable to the following factors:
Pulverized coal is a mature technology that relies on a relatively low cost fuel.
Natural gas is an expensive fuel, but combined cycle technology is highly efficient
and has a low construction cost.
Geothermal energy has no fuel cost and unlike variable renewable technologies, such
as wind and solar, can operate at very high utilization rates (high utilization allows the
plant to spread fixed operating costs and capital recovery charges over many
megawatthours of sales).
Although all three technologies have similar power costs, the coal and geothermal
technologies have limitations and risks that the natural gas combined cycle does not face.
Geothermal plants are limited to relatively small facilities (about 50 MW) at western sites. As
discussed above, many coal projects have been canceled due to environmental opposition and
escalating construction costs. In contrast, the gas-fired combined cycle plant has limited
environmental impacts, can be located wherever a gas pipeline with sufficient capacity is
available, and plants can be built with generating capacities in the hundreds of megawatts.
Probably the main risk factor for a combined cycle plant is uncertainty over the long term
price and supply of natural gas.
8
10. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
In the Base Case, wind power, IGCC coal, and nuclear energy have costs in the $80 per Mwh
range. IGCC and nuclear plants are very expensive to build, with estimated overnight capital
costs of, respectively, $3,359 and $3,682 per kW of capacity (2008 dollars; see Table 18).
Because the plants are expensive and take years to construct (an estimated four years for an
IGCC plant and six years for a nuclear plant) these technologies also incur large charges for
interest during construction that must be recovered in power costs. Wind has a relatively high
cost per Mwh because wind projects have high capital costs ($2,100 per kW of capacity) and
are assumed to operate with a capacity factor of only 34%. The low capacity factor means
that the plant is the equivalent of idle two-thirds of the year. Consequently, the capital costs
for the plant must be recovered over a relatively small number of units of electricity
production, driving up the cost per Mwh. High capital costs and low rates of utilization also
drive up the costs of the solar thermal and solar PV plants to, respectively, $100 per Mwh and
$255 per Mwh.
Another way of viewing the results is to compare each technology’s costs to a benchmark
cost of electricity. The benchmark used is the cost of power from a natural gas combined
cycle plant. [4]
9
11. EQUATION AND CALCULATION
CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
Mathematical formula of the generation
This section is not discussing the actual calculation but it is more on assumption calculation
to determine the generation cost in general which neglect the government incentives and air
emissions cost.
The only financially valid way to compare the costs of different sources of energy production
is to calculate the per kilowatt-hour (kWh) cost. This methodology controls for variable
factors such ascapacity factor and useful life.
Construction cost + Production cost + Decommisioning cost = Total cost
per kWh per kWh per kWh (nuclear only) per kWh
The main cost components of energy are construction costs and production costs. Total cost
per kWh can be calculated by taking the per kWh cost of construction plus the per kWh cost
of production. For nuclear energy you must also add the per kWh decommissioning cost to
the production and construction costs too.
Calculating the Per kilowatt-Hour construction cost of a project
Many energy production plants are very expensive to build. In order to understand how
expensive a particular plant is relative to other energy plants, you must calculate the per kWh
cost of construction. This can be done using the following equation.
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST
[(MW RATING X 1000) X USEFUL LIFE X (CAPACITY FACTOR X 8,760)
Per Kilowatt Hour production costs
Normally you will not need to calculate the per kWh production costs for a given type of
energy source because these estimates are readily available from a wide variety of resources.
Each plant is unique and may have a slightly different per kWh production cost. Since the
amount of energy produced at any plant is very large, deviations in production cost are not
generally large enough to change the per kWh production cost for an individual plant beyond
the hundredths or thousandths of a penny. To the right is a list of the per kWh production
costs used to develop the total cost per kWh. [5]
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12. CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
CONCLUTION
To determine the accurate cost of power plant, four criteria to be considered which are
government incentives, capital (investment) cost, fuel costs and air emissions controls
including the power plant technology. Nevertheless there are several option method used. For
general case, Influence of Garvoment and Carbon Control cost usually neglected and the
assumtion cost is determined. The comparison among power plant technology in term of cost
is described as figure below.
[6]
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13. REFERENCE
CONVENTIONAL & RENEWABLE POWER PLANT
[1] Wikipedia, “Power Station---Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,” [Online]. Available:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_station [Accessed Jun 7, 2012]
[2] EIA, Federal Financial Interventions and Subsidies in Energy Markets 2007, April 2008.
[Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov/analysis/requests/subsidy/pdf/subsidy [Accessed
Jun 6, 2012]
[3] Keith Bradsher and David Barboza, “Pollution From Chinese Coal Casts a Global
Shadow,” The New York Times, June 11, 2006. [Online]. Available:
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/11/business/worldbusiness/11chinacoal.html?
pagewanted= all
[4] Stan Kaplan, “Power Plants: Characteristics and Costs” [Online]. Available:
www.fas.org_sgp_crs_misc_RL34746 [Accessed Jun 6, 2012]
[5] Jason Morgan, “Comparing Energy Costs Of Nuclear, Coal, Gas, Wind And Solar”
[Online]. Available:http://nuclearfissionary.com/2010/04/02/comparing-energy-costs-of-
nuclear-coal-gas-wind-and-solar/ [Accessed Jun 8, 2012]
[6] Sk.anwar basha, “Waste heat recovery power plant” [Online]. Available:
www.yuvaengineers.com/?paged=8 [Accessed Jun 7, 2012]
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