Memory management
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•331 views
Here is a simple and sorted PPT of Memory Management of Operating System. Just go through it, Its quite simple and understandable.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Multiprocessing operating systems
This presentation elaborates what are multiprocessor operating systems, Multiprocessor Hardware, Multiprocessing models and frameworks, Multiprocessor Synchronization, Multiprocessor Scheduling, Applications of multiprocessing systems, Advantages, Disadvantages and Solutions and New trends of Multiprocessing.
Cache memory
About Cache Memory
working of cache memory
levels of cache memory
mapping techniques for cache memory
1. direct mapping techniques
2. Fully associative mapping techniques
3. set associative mapping techniques
Cache memroy organization
cache coherency
every thing in detail
Shell scripting
Shell is a command interpreter that provides an interface to execute programs and utilities in an operating system like Unix/Linux. There are different types of shells like Bourne shell, C shell, Korn shell, and Bourne Again shell. The shell interpretive cycle involves prompting the user, expanding commands, passing commands to the kernel for execution, waiting for completion, and then repeating the cycle. Redirection allows redirecting standard input, output, and error streams to files or other programs. Special files associated with terminals are standard input, output, and error streams represented by file descriptors 1, 2, and 3 respectively.
Chapter 2 - Operating System Structures
The document summarizes key aspects of operating system structures including:
1) Operating systems provide services to users like user interfaces, program execution, I/O, file manipulation and resource allocation. They also ensure efficient system operation through accounting and protection.
2) System calls are the programming interface to OS services, accessed via APIs. Common APIs include Win32, POSIX, and Java.
3) Operating systems can have different structures like layered, modular, microkernel and virtual machine approaches. They are implemented through system programs, boot processes, and configuration for specific hardware.
Page replacement algorithms
This document discusses various page replacement algorithms used in operating systems. It begins with definitions of paging and page replacement in virtual memory systems. There are then overviews of 12 different page replacement algorithms including FIFO, optimal, LRU, NRU, NFU, second chance, clock, and random. The goal of page replacement algorithms is to minimize page faults. The document provides examples and analyses of how each algorithm approaches replacing pages in memory.
Memory Management in OS
This document discusses different memory management techniques used in operating systems. It begins by describing the basic components and functions of memory. It then explains various memory management algorithms like overlays, swapping, paging and segmentation. Overlays divide a program into instruction sets that are loaded and unloaded as needed. Swapping loads entire processes into memory for execution then writes them back to disk. Paging and segmentation are used to map logical addresses to physical addresses through page tables and segment tables respectively. The document compares advantages and limitations of these approaches.
Semaphores
1) A semaphore consists of a counter, a waiting list, and wait() and signal() methods. Wait() decrements the counter and blocks if it becomes negative, while signal() increments the counter and resumes a blocked process if the counter becomes positive.
2) The dining philosophers problem is solved using semaphores to lock access to shared chopsticks, with one philosopher designated as a "weirdo" to avoid deadlock by acquiring locks in a different order.
3) The producer-consumer problem uses three semaphores - one to limit buffer size, one for empty slots, and one for locks - to coordinate producers adding to a bounded buffer
process control block
Each process in an operating system is represented by a Process Control Block (PCB). The PCB is a data structure that contains information needed to manage a particular process, and serves as the manifestation of a process in the OS. A PCB consists of pointers, process state, program counter, CPU registers, CPU scheduling information, memory management information, accounting information, and I/O status information. This information allows the OS to control, schedule, and terminate processes.
Recommended
Multiprocessing operating systems
This presentation elaborates what are multiprocessor operating systems, Multiprocessor Hardware, Multiprocessing models and frameworks, Multiprocessor Synchronization, Multiprocessor Scheduling, Applications of multiprocessing systems, Advantages, Disadvantages and Solutions and New trends of Multiprocessing.
Cache memory
About Cache Memory
working of cache memory
levels of cache memory
mapping techniques for cache memory
1. direct mapping techniques
2. Fully associative mapping techniques
3. set associative mapping techniques
Cache memroy organization
cache coherency
every thing in detail
Shell scripting
Shell is a command interpreter that provides an interface to execute programs and utilities in an operating system like Unix/Linux. There are different types of shells like Bourne shell, C shell, Korn shell, and Bourne Again shell. The shell interpretive cycle involves prompting the user, expanding commands, passing commands to the kernel for execution, waiting for completion, and then repeating the cycle. Redirection allows redirecting standard input, output, and error streams to files or other programs. Special files associated with terminals are standard input, output, and error streams represented by file descriptors 1, 2, and 3 respectively.
Chapter 2 - Operating System Structures
The document summarizes key aspects of operating system structures including:
1) Operating systems provide services to users like user interfaces, program execution, I/O, file manipulation and resource allocation. They also ensure efficient system operation through accounting and protection.
2) System calls are the programming interface to OS services, accessed via APIs. Common APIs include Win32, POSIX, and Java.
3) Operating systems can have different structures like layered, modular, microkernel and virtual machine approaches. They are implemented through system programs, boot processes, and configuration for specific hardware.
Page replacement algorithms
This document discusses various page replacement algorithms used in operating systems. It begins with definitions of paging and page replacement in virtual memory systems. There are then overviews of 12 different page replacement algorithms including FIFO, optimal, LRU, NRU, NFU, second chance, clock, and random. The goal of page replacement algorithms is to minimize page faults. The document provides examples and analyses of how each algorithm approaches replacing pages in memory.
Memory Management in OS
This document discusses different memory management techniques used in operating systems. It begins by describing the basic components and functions of memory. It then explains various memory management algorithms like overlays, swapping, paging and segmentation. Overlays divide a program into instruction sets that are loaded and unloaded as needed. Swapping loads entire processes into memory for execution then writes them back to disk. Paging and segmentation are used to map logical addresses to physical addresses through page tables and segment tables respectively. The document compares advantages and limitations of these approaches.
Semaphores
1) A semaphore consists of a counter, a waiting list, and wait() and signal() methods. Wait() decrements the counter and blocks if it becomes negative, while signal() increments the counter and resumes a blocked process if the counter becomes positive.
2) The dining philosophers problem is solved using semaphores to lock access to shared chopsticks, with one philosopher designated as a "weirdo" to avoid deadlock by acquiring locks in a different order.
3) The producer-consumer problem uses three semaphores - one to limit buffer size, one for empty slots, and one for locks - to coordinate producers adding to a bounded buffer
process control block
Each process in an operating system is represented by a Process Control Block (PCB). The PCB is a data structure that contains information needed to manage a particular process, and serves as the manifestation of a process in the OS. A PCB consists of pointers, process state, program counter, CPU registers, CPU scheduling information, memory management information, accounting information, and I/O status information. This information allows the OS to control, schedule, and terminate processes.
Time and space complexity
The document discusses time and space complexity analysis of algorithms. Time complexity measures the number of steps to solve a problem based on input size, with common orders being O(log n), O(n), O(n log n), O(n^2). Space complexity measures memory usage, which can be reused unlike time. Big O notation describes asymptotic growth rates to compare algorithm efficiencies, with constant O(1) being best and exponential O(c^n) being worst.
kernels
This document discusses different types of computer operating system kernels. It begins by defining a kernel as the central part of an OS that manages hardware resources and acts as an interface between applications and hardware. The main types discussed are monolithic, micro, and hybrid kernels. Monolithic kernels have all OS components in the kernel space, while microkernels minimize kernel space. Hybrid kernels combine aspects of monolithic and microkernels. The document also briefly outlines nano and exokernels, and compares advantages and disadvantages of the different kernel types. Key kernel functions discussed are resource management, memory management, device management, and system calls.
Motherboard ppt
The document discusses different types of motherboards including integrated, non-integrated, desktop, laptop, and server motherboards. It describes the main components of a motherboard including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, expansion slots, BIOS, and I/O ports. Key factors to consider when selecting a motherboard are the form factor, CPU support, BIOS type, case compatibility, and warranty.
Architecture of operating system
An operating system acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware, controlling program execution and performing basic tasks like file management, memory management, and input/output control. There are four main types of operating systems: monolithic, layered, microkernel, and networked/distributed. A monolithic OS has all components in the kernel, while layered and microkernel OSes separate components into different privilege levels or layers for modularity. Networked/distributed OSes enable accessing resources across multiple connected computers.
Memory Hierarchy
The document discusses the memory hierarchy in computers. It describes the different levels of memory from fastest to slowest as register memory, cache memory, main memory (RAM and ROM), and auxiliary memory (magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.). The main memory directly communicates with the CPU while the auxiliary memory provides backup storage and needs to transfer data to main memory to be accessed by the CPU. A cache memory is also used to increase processing speed.
Program Threats
This document discusses various types of program threats including logic bombs, viruses, worms, and trojan horses. It focuses on viruses, defining them as code fragments embedded in legitimate programs that can spread via email or macros. The document categorizes viruses and provides examples, noting that file viruses append to files, boot sector viruses infect boot sectors, macro viruses spread through documents, and polymorphic/encrypted viruses aim to avoid detection. In summary, it defines computer viruses, explains how they spread, and outlines several categories of viruses along with examples.
Process of operating system
if you want a discription about Process in operating system and Computer Architecture then this presntation will help you.
Multithreading
The document discusses multithreading and how it can be used to exploit thread-level parallelism (TLP) in processors designed for instruction-level parallelism (ILP). There are two main approaches for multithreading - fine-grained and coarse-grained. Fine-grained switches threads every instruction while coarse-grained switches on long stalls. Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) allows a processor to issue instructions from multiple threads in the same cycle by treating instructions from different threads as independent. This converts TLP into additional ILP to better utilize the resources of superscalar and multicore processors.
RAM(Random Access Memory)
RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a type of data storage used in computers that is located on the motherboard and allows quick access by the processor. There are two main types of RAM: DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). DRAM needs to be refreshed often and uses a single transistor and capacitor per bit, while SRAM does not need to be refreshed and uses an array of six transistors per bit, making it faster to access but more expensive than DRAM.
Os Threads
This document discusses threads and threading models. It defines a thread as the basic unit of CPU utilization consisting of a program counter, stack, and registers. Threads allow for simultaneous execution of tasks within the same process by switching between threads rapidly. There are three main threading models: many-to-one maps many user threads to one kernel thread; one-to-one maps each user thread to its own kernel thread; many-to-many maps user threads to kernel threads in a variable manner. Popular thread libraries include POSIX pthreads and Win32 threads.
Functions Of Operating System
The operating system is system software that monitors, controls, and maintains the overall functions of the computer. It performs key functions such as process management, resource management, file management, communication management, security management, and memory management. Process management involves starting and stopping processes from boot up to shutdown. Resource management installs drivers and coordinates peripherals. File management handles file naming, organization, location, and attributes. Communication management facilitates interaction between users, applications, and hardware both internally and between networked computers. Security management provides virus protection, passwords, firewalls, and access controls.
Memory management
Memory management is the act of managing computer memory. The essential requirement of memory management is to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and free it for reuse when no longer needed. This is critical to any advanced computer system where more than a single process might be underway at any time
17 cpu scheduling and scheduling criteria
This document discusses CPU scheduling and scheduling criteria. It covers the CPU scheduler or short term scheduler which selects processes from the ready queue to allocate the CPU to. It describes various scheduling criteria like CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time and response time that are used to compare scheduling algorithms. The goal of scheduling is to always keep the CPU busy while maximizing throughput and minimizing waiting times and turnaround times of processes.
3. basic organization of a computer
The document summarizes the basic organization and components of a computer system. It describes the main components as the central processing unit (CPU), memory which includes primary memory like RAM and ROM, secondary memory like hard disks, and processing devices like buses and the system clock that connect the components. It also discusses the software components like operating systems, drivers, and programming languages at different levels from machine code to high-level languages. Compilers, linkers, and interpreters are involved in translating between language levels.
operating system
The document discusses different types of operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that acts as an interface between the user and hardware and manages computer resources. It describes the primary objectives of operating systems as making the computer convenient to use and managing resources. Some key types discussed include batch processing, multiprogramming, time-sharing, networks, and real-time operating systems.
Kernel (OS)
This Presentation descrbes what is kernel, how it works, types of kernel, advantages and disadvantages of kernel and responsibilities of kernel.
Primary memory (main memory)
Primary memory, also known as main memory, is the memory that is directly accessible by the CPU. It holds the data and instructions currently being processed. Primary memory is generally made up of semiconductor devices like RAM and ROM. RAM is volatile and loses its data when power is removed, while ROM retains its data permanently. There are different types of RAM such as SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, and DDR that have evolved over time. ROM includes mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and flash ROM, which have different characteristics regarding read/write capabilities and whether they need power to retain data.
Introduction to Operating Systems
The document discusses operating systems and computer system architecture. It defines an operating system as a program that manages a computer's hardware resources and provides common services for application software. It describes the components of a computer system as the CPU, memory, I/O devices, and how the operating system controls and coordinates their use. It also discusses different types of operating systems designed for single-user systems, multi-user systems, servers, handheld devices, and embedded systems.
memory hierarchy
This document discusses the memory hierarchy in computers. It begins by explaining that computer memory is organized in a pyramid structure from fastest and smallest memory (cache) to slower and larger auxiliary memory. The main types of memory discussed are RAM, ROM, cache memory, and auxiliary storage. RAM is further divided into SRAM and DRAM. The document provides details on the characteristics of each memory type including access speed, volatility, capacity and cost. Diagrams are included to illustrate concepts like RAM, ROM, cache levels and auxiliary devices. Virtual memory is also briefly introduced at the end.
Scheduling algorithms
The document discusses various scheduling algorithms used in operating systems including:
- First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling which services processes in the order of arrival but can lead to long waiting times.
- Shortest Job First (SJF) scheduling which prioritizes the shortest processes first to minimize waiting times. It can be preemptive or non-preemptive.
- Priority scheduling assigns priorities to processes and services the highest priority process first, which can potentially cause starvation of low priority processes.
- Round Robin scheduling allows equal CPU access to all processes by allowing each a small time quantum or slice before preempting to the next process.
E-Commerce Seminar (Intermediate to Advance)
The document discusses various topics related to e-commerce, including why consumers prefer online shopping, what products are commonly purchased online, e-commerce platforms, building trust online, online stock trading, tips to increase website engagement, and the rise of social media e-commerce. It provides examples of government to business to consumer transactions using online vehicle registration, outlines e-commerce market share by platform, and shares strategies for creating trust like using reviews, endorsements, and social media engagement. The document also presents e-commerce statistics and trivia.
3 g&4g network(hina)
This document discusses 3G and 4G mobile networks. It provides an overview of what 3G and 4G networks are, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they compare. The key points are:
- 3G networks provide download speeds up to 14.4 Mbps and upload speeds up to 5.8 Mbps. They allow for always-on devices and rich multimedia services but have high costs and power consumption.
- 4G networks like LTE claim to be faster than 3G with speeds over 100 Mbps download and 50 Mbps upload. They provide quick file downloads and high quality voice but require new devices and infrastructure and data prices may be higher.
- 4G has 10 times faster
More Related Content
What's hot
Time and space complexity
The document discusses time and space complexity analysis of algorithms. Time complexity measures the number of steps to solve a problem based on input size, with common orders being O(log n), O(n), O(n log n), O(n^2). Space complexity measures memory usage, which can be reused unlike time. Big O notation describes asymptotic growth rates to compare algorithm efficiencies, with constant O(1) being best and exponential O(c^n) being worst.
kernels
This document discusses different types of computer operating system kernels. It begins by defining a kernel as the central part of an OS that manages hardware resources and acts as an interface between applications and hardware. The main types discussed are monolithic, micro, and hybrid kernels. Monolithic kernels have all OS components in the kernel space, while microkernels minimize kernel space. Hybrid kernels combine aspects of monolithic and microkernels. The document also briefly outlines nano and exokernels, and compares advantages and disadvantages of the different kernel types. Key kernel functions discussed are resource management, memory management, device management, and system calls.
Motherboard ppt
The document discusses different types of motherboards including integrated, non-integrated, desktop, laptop, and server motherboards. It describes the main components of a motherboard including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, expansion slots, BIOS, and I/O ports. Key factors to consider when selecting a motherboard are the form factor, CPU support, BIOS type, case compatibility, and warranty.
Architecture of operating system
An operating system acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware, controlling program execution and performing basic tasks like file management, memory management, and input/output control. There are four main types of operating systems: monolithic, layered, microkernel, and networked/distributed. A monolithic OS has all components in the kernel, while layered and microkernel OSes separate components into different privilege levels or layers for modularity. Networked/distributed OSes enable accessing resources across multiple connected computers.
Memory Hierarchy
The document discusses the memory hierarchy in computers. It describes the different levels of memory from fastest to slowest as register memory, cache memory, main memory (RAM and ROM), and auxiliary memory (magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.). The main memory directly communicates with the CPU while the auxiliary memory provides backup storage and needs to transfer data to main memory to be accessed by the CPU. A cache memory is also used to increase processing speed.
Program Threats
This document discusses various types of program threats including logic bombs, viruses, worms, and trojan horses. It focuses on viruses, defining them as code fragments embedded in legitimate programs that can spread via email or macros. The document categorizes viruses and provides examples, noting that file viruses append to files, boot sector viruses infect boot sectors, macro viruses spread through documents, and polymorphic/encrypted viruses aim to avoid detection. In summary, it defines computer viruses, explains how they spread, and outlines several categories of viruses along with examples.
Process of operating system
if you want a discription about Process in operating system and Computer Architecture then this presntation will help you.
Multithreading
The document discusses multithreading and how it can be used to exploit thread-level parallelism (TLP) in processors designed for instruction-level parallelism (ILP). There are two main approaches for multithreading - fine-grained and coarse-grained. Fine-grained switches threads every instruction while coarse-grained switches on long stalls. Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) allows a processor to issue instructions from multiple threads in the same cycle by treating instructions from different threads as independent. This converts TLP into additional ILP to better utilize the resources of superscalar and multicore processors.
RAM(Random Access Memory)
RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a type of data storage used in computers that is located on the motherboard and allows quick access by the processor. There are two main types of RAM: DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). DRAM needs to be refreshed often and uses a single transistor and capacitor per bit, while SRAM does not need to be refreshed and uses an array of six transistors per bit, making it faster to access but more expensive than DRAM.
Os Threads
This document discusses threads and threading models. It defines a thread as the basic unit of CPU utilization consisting of a program counter, stack, and registers. Threads allow for simultaneous execution of tasks within the same process by switching between threads rapidly. There are three main threading models: many-to-one maps many user threads to one kernel thread; one-to-one maps each user thread to its own kernel thread; many-to-many maps user threads to kernel threads in a variable manner. Popular thread libraries include POSIX pthreads and Win32 threads.
Functions Of Operating System
The operating system is system software that monitors, controls, and maintains the overall functions of the computer. It performs key functions such as process management, resource management, file management, communication management, security management, and memory management. Process management involves starting and stopping processes from boot up to shutdown. Resource management installs drivers and coordinates peripherals. File management handles file naming, organization, location, and attributes. Communication management facilitates interaction between users, applications, and hardware both internally and between networked computers. Security management provides virus protection, passwords, firewalls, and access controls.
Memory management
Memory management is the act of managing computer memory. The essential requirement of memory management is to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and free it for reuse when no longer needed. This is critical to any advanced computer system where more than a single process might be underway at any time
17 cpu scheduling and scheduling criteria
This document discusses CPU scheduling and scheduling criteria. It covers the CPU scheduler or short term scheduler which selects processes from the ready queue to allocate the CPU to. It describes various scheduling criteria like CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time and response time that are used to compare scheduling algorithms. The goal of scheduling is to always keep the CPU busy while maximizing throughput and minimizing waiting times and turnaround times of processes.
3. basic organization of a computer
The document summarizes the basic organization and components of a computer system. It describes the main components as the central processing unit (CPU), memory which includes primary memory like RAM and ROM, secondary memory like hard disks, and processing devices like buses and the system clock that connect the components. It also discusses the software components like operating systems, drivers, and programming languages at different levels from machine code to high-level languages. Compilers, linkers, and interpreters are involved in translating between language levels.
operating system
The document discusses different types of operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that acts as an interface between the user and hardware and manages computer resources. It describes the primary objectives of operating systems as making the computer convenient to use and managing resources. Some key types discussed include batch processing, multiprogramming, time-sharing, networks, and real-time operating systems.
Kernel (OS)
This Presentation descrbes what is kernel, how it works, types of kernel, advantages and disadvantages of kernel and responsibilities of kernel.
Primary memory (main memory)
Primary memory, also known as main memory, is the memory that is directly accessible by the CPU. It holds the data and instructions currently being processed. Primary memory is generally made up of semiconductor devices like RAM and ROM. RAM is volatile and loses its data when power is removed, while ROM retains its data permanently. There are different types of RAM such as SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, and DDR that have evolved over time. ROM includes mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and flash ROM, which have different characteristics regarding read/write capabilities and whether they need power to retain data.
Introduction to Operating Systems
The document discusses operating systems and computer system architecture. It defines an operating system as a program that manages a computer's hardware resources and provides common services for application software. It describes the components of a computer system as the CPU, memory, I/O devices, and how the operating system controls and coordinates their use. It also discusses different types of operating systems designed for single-user systems, multi-user systems, servers, handheld devices, and embedded systems.
memory hierarchy
This document discusses the memory hierarchy in computers. It begins by explaining that computer memory is organized in a pyramid structure from fastest and smallest memory (cache) to slower and larger auxiliary memory. The main types of memory discussed are RAM, ROM, cache memory, and auxiliary storage. RAM is further divided into SRAM and DRAM. The document provides details on the characteristics of each memory type including access speed, volatility, capacity and cost. Diagrams are included to illustrate concepts like RAM, ROM, cache levels and auxiliary devices. Virtual memory is also briefly introduced at the end.
Scheduling algorithms
The document discusses various scheduling algorithms used in operating systems including:
- First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling which services processes in the order of arrival but can lead to long waiting times.
- Shortest Job First (SJF) scheduling which prioritizes the shortest processes first to minimize waiting times. It can be preemptive or non-preemptive.
- Priority scheduling assigns priorities to processes and services the highest priority process first, which can potentially cause starvation of low priority processes.
- Round Robin scheduling allows equal CPU access to all processes by allowing each a small time quantum or slice before preempting to the next process.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
E-Commerce Seminar (Intermediate to Advance)
The document discusses various topics related to e-commerce, including why consumers prefer online shopping, what products are commonly purchased online, e-commerce platforms, building trust online, online stock trading, tips to increase website engagement, and the rise of social media e-commerce. It provides examples of government to business to consumer transactions using online vehicle registration, outlines e-commerce market share by platform, and shares strategies for creating trust like using reviews, endorsements, and social media engagement. The document also presents e-commerce statistics and trivia.
3 g&4g network(hina)
This document discusses 3G and 4G mobile networks. It provides an overview of what 3G and 4G networks are, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they compare. The key points are:
- 3G networks provide download speeds up to 14.4 Mbps and upload speeds up to 5.8 Mbps. They allow for always-on devices and rich multimedia services but have high costs and power consumption.
- 4G networks like LTE claim to be faster than 3G with speeds over 100 Mbps download and 50 Mbps upload. They provide quick file downloads and high quality voice but require new devices and infrastructure and data prices may be higher.
- 4G has 10 times faster
Develop memory power, some effective techniques
Developing your memory power is now possible through some simple methods. It makes you intellectually young too. Remember all skills are achieved through repeated trials. So be ready to practice these techniques regularly.
3G&4G
3G mobile networks provide minimum speeds of 200kbps for data and support more applications. 3G standards were developed by 3GPP and 3GPP2 organizations and have evolved to reach speeds up to 14Mbps downstream. 4G networks currently under development aim to provide speeds over 100Mbps to support new services like mobile TV and HDTV.
Memory game
Este documento presenta una lista de adjetivos comunes y sus opuestos, así como un juego de emparejamiento para practicar los adjetivos opuestos. El juego incluye palabras como grande/pequeño, barato/caro, corto/largo y viejo/nuevo para ayudar a los estudiantes a aprender los significados y usos de los adjetivos opuestos en inglés.
3 Grade Memory Lesson 4ver2.Key
A memory game. 2 minutes to remember the words, 2 minutes to write them down in both Korean and English. 1 point for each correct word (1 point for english, 1 for korean).
Missing Object Memory Game -4-5
The document describes a memory exercise called Kim's Game using pictures. The exercise involves presenting students with slides containing a set number of pictures, starting with 4 and increasing to 7. Students must memorize the pictures and then identify which one is missing from a subsequent slide where the positions have changed. The time limits for memorizing and responding can be adjusted. Strategies like verbal rehearsal and visualization are suggested to help students who struggle. The background color can also be customized for each student.
Seminar On Ecommerce
This document discusses e-commerce and provides an overview of topics like the OFBiz framework, examples of e-commerce companies like Flipkart and Amazon, what kinds of products can be sold online like finished goods and digital goods, how to develop an e-commerce application using open source frameworks like OFBiz or licensed software, and that experienced developers can build e-commerce apps. It focuses on introducing common e-commerce concepts and development approaches.
Memory Game
This document provides instructions for a memory game. Players are instructed to view images for a few seconds and take notes if needed. They then go to a website to view the images. Players then write full sentences answering questions about the images on an answer sheet, with numbers corresponding to each question. The goal is to test their memory of the images.
Memory Games
The document discusses different techniques for improving memory, including recognizing images, remembering faces, associating new information with existing memories, and creating mental images and stories to connect items. It describes experiments that showed creating elaborate encodings by connecting new information to existing knowledge helps move information from short-term to long-term memory better than repetition alone.
20 Game Ideas You Should Steal
20 Great Innovations in Casual, Social and Mobile Games That You Should Steal discusses 20 innovative casual, social and mobile games that leverage different platforms and mechanics in interesting ways such as using a player's music library or location in gameplay, integrating social networks, or combining multiple genres. The document provides examples of games that use viral social sharing of scores, asynchronous multiplayer, photo integration, augmented reality, and episodic monetization among other novel approaches. It cautions that some innovations may introduce privacy, licensing, or gameplay issues that would need addressing for successful implementation.
Video Game Powerpoint
The document discusses the history and evolution of video games from the earliest arcade games in the 1970s to modern consoles. It describes key events like the release of Pong, Space Invaders, Pac-Man, and the video game crash of 1983. It then summarizes the rise of Nintendo and the revival of the video game industry in the 1980s through popular games like Super Mario Bros.
Visual Thinking Games
This document discusses visual puzzles and games that aim to exercise thinking. It describes ambigrams, which are words that can be read the same upside down or rotated. The document also covers designing puzzles to teach letter parts or typography concepts. Games are proposed that turn images like photos into interactive puzzles by having players find details. The goals are to design casual games for mental fitness as part of a healthy lifestyle using trends like social media and player-generated content.
Just add points? What UX can (and cannot) learn from games
Can game mechanics help us to make applications and websites more fun and engaging? My presentation at the UX Camp Europe 2010 on May 29 and 30 in Berlin attempted a sobering look at what user experience designers can and cannot learn from games.
10 Ice Breaker Games - How to get to know your office
Joining a new group can be pretty intimidating. I remember when I joined the team at Officevibe, I was pretty nervous, and wanted to make sure I became friends with the team as quickly as possible.
Learn more on our blog:
https://www.officevibe.com/blog/ice-breaker-games
learn more about Officevibe:
https://www.officevibe.com/
Viewers also liked (16)
Just add points? What UX can (and cannot) learn from games
Just add points? What UX can (and cannot) learn from games
10 Ice Breaker Games - How to get to know your office
10 Ice Breaker Games - How to get to know your office
Similar to Memory management
Memory Management
This document summarizes key aspects of memory management using paging. It discusses how paging divides both physical memory and logical addresses into fixed-sized pages and frames. A page table maps page numbers to physical frame numbers, translating logical addresses to physical addresses. Paging avoids fragmentation and allows non-contiguous allocation of physical memory to processes. The operating system maintains page tables and a frame table to manage physical memory allocation and address translation for processes.
Unit iiios Storage Management
This document discusses different memory management techniques used in operating systems including swapping, contiguous allocation, and dynamic storage allocation. Contiguous allocation can be done using a single or multiple partitions. Dynamic storage allocation uses a first-fit, best-fit, or worst-fit algorithm to allocate memory from holes of available space to requesting processes. Fragmentation, including external and internal fragmentation, is also discussed. Memory management aims to efficiently allocate memory resources to processes while executing programs in memory and tracking the status of allocated and free memory locations.
M20CA1030_391_2_Part2.pptx
The document discusses memory management techniques used in operating systems. It covers logical versus physical address spaces and introduces paging as a memory management technique. Paging divides both main memory and disk storage into fixed-sized pages. Each process has a page table containing entries for its pages, with each entry mapping a page to a frame in main memory if present or being invalid if on disk. The CPU address is divided into a page number to index the table and an offset to access within the page.
Opetating System Memory management
Memory management handles allocation of memory to processes and tracks used and free memory. It uses techniques like paging, segmentation, and dynamic allocation from a heap. Paging maps logical addresses to physical pages, avoiding external fragmentation. Segmentation divides memory into logical segments of varying sizes. Dynamic allocation fulfills requests from the heap, managing free blocks and avoiding fragmentation and memory leaks.
Memory Managementgggffffffffffgggggggggg
Memory management in operating systems controls and manages RAM. It allocates and deallocates memory for processes, tracks used versus free memory, and moves processes between RAM and secondary storage. Memory management uses logical addresses that can change and physical addresses computed by the MMU. It can load processes statically at startup or dynamically only as needed via static or dynamic linking, and uses swapping to move pages between RAM and storage. Fragmentation and contiguous allocation affect how efficiently memory is used. Segmentation divides programs into segments that are each loaded as a contiguous block.
Os lecture 5
This document discusses the structure and key components of operating systems. It explains that operating systems allow for multiprogramming to increase CPU utilization by having multiple jobs stored in memory simultaneously and switching between them when one job needs to wait for I/O. Time sharing is described as a logical extension that allows for very fast switching between jobs so users have the impression their program has sole access while it is actually being shared. Job scheduling and swapping jobs in and out of memory are discussed as important aspects of time sharing systems to ensure reasonable response times. Virtual memory is also introduced as a common technique that allows processes to execute even if not fully residing in physical memory.
contiguous memory allocation.pptx
This presentation describes about the various memory allocation methods like first fit, best fit and worst fit in memory management and also about fragmentation problem and solution for the problem.
Os functions
An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware resources and provides an interface between users and hardware. It performs key functions like process management, memory management, file management, device management, and security. Operating systems can be batch, multiprogramming, time-sharing, real-time, or network oriented depending on their design and purpose. Common examples include Windows, Linux, macOS, and UNIX variants.
Chap7
This document discusses memory management techniques used in operating systems. It describes how memory management allocates main memory efficiently between multiple processes. Early techniques included fixed and dynamic partitioning, as well as the buddy system. Address translation allows logical addresses used by programs to be translated to physical addresses when processes are loaded into memory. Relocation and protection are key requirements for memory management.
LM9 - OPERATIONS, SCHEDULING, Inter process xommuncation
The document discusses process management in operating systems. It covers topics like process concepts, process operations, CPU scheduling algorithms, threads, process synchronization, deadlocks, and inter-process communication. The session agenda includes process concepts, process operations and scheduling, CPU scheduling criteria and algorithms, multiple processor and real-time scheduling, threads overview and issues, process synchronization techniques, deadlock modeling, characteristics, prevention, detection and recovery.
Mtech admission in india
This document discusses different techniques for managing memory allocation to multiple processes in an operating system, including fixed and dynamic partitioning, paging, and segmentation. It describes requirements like relocation, protection, and sharing. Specific allocation algorithms covered are buddy system, first-fit, next-fit, and best-fit. Key concepts explained are logical vs physical addresses, use of base and bounds registers, and page tables.
OS M1.1.pptx
This document provides an overview of operating system structure and concepts. It discusses the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. It then describes the user and system views of an operating system. Key sections explain computer system organization, storage structure, I/O structures, operating system operations including interrupts and process management. Memory management, storage management including file systems, and mass storage management are also summarized.
unit5_os (1).pptx
The document discusses various memory management techniques used in operating systems including swapping, paging, and segmentation. Swapping allows processes to be moved between main memory and disk to increase multiprogramming. Paging divides memory into fixed-size pages which are mapped to frames, allowing processes to be partially loaded from disk. Segmentation divides processes into variable-sized segments that can be non-contiguous in memory.
Mca admissions in india
This document discusses different memory management techniques used in operating systems, including fixed and dynamic partitioning, paging, segmentation, and the buddy system. It explains key requirements like relocation, protection, sharing, and how logical and physical addresses are handled. Different placement algorithms are described for allocating processes to partitions or pages in memory, like first-fit and best-fit. Registers used during execution are also outlined, along with how page tables map process pages to available memory frames.
Discovering Robustness Amongst CBIR Features
Digital photography faces the challenges of image storage, retrieval and provenance at the consumer and
commercial level. One major obstacle is in the computational cost of image processing. Solutions range
from using high-throughput computing systems to automatic image annotation. Consumers can not
dedicate computing systems to image processing and handling nor do consumers have large-scale image
repositories to make automatic image annotation effective. Nevertheless, we consider an alternative
approach: reducing computational cost in image processing. Using a 25,000 image collection, we consider
using a sub- set of image features to evaluate image similarity. We discover several robust features
displaying comparable relevancy performance with the additional benefit of reduced processing cost.
A Review of Memory Allocation and Management in Computer Systems
In this paper I have described the memory management and allocation techniques in computer systems. The
purpose of writing this survey paper is to elaborate the concept of memory allocation and management in
computer systems because of the significance of memory component in computer system’s hardware. It is
apparent from the work of computer scientists that effective and efficient main memory management and
virtual memory management in computer systems improves the computer system’s performance by
increasing throughput and processor utilization and by decreasing the response time and turnaround time.
Firstly I have compared Uniprogramming system with Multiprogramming system. After comparison I found
that Multiprogramming systems are quite better than Uniprogramming systems from the point of view of
memory utilization. Also the functionality of operating system routines which are responsible for user’s
memory partitioning must be improved to get better system performance in Multiprogramming system .In
Uniprogramming system , the processor remains idle most of the time but dividing the memory into
partitions for holding multiple processes as in Multiprogramming system does not solve the problem of
idleness of a processor.
Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ)
Scope & Topics
==============
Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ) is a bi-monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles
which contribute new results in all areas of the Computer Science & Computer Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high
quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of computer science and computer Engineering.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Computer science
& Computer Engineering advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews
are invited for publication in all areas of Computer Science & Computer Engineering.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and
industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Computer Science & Engineering.
A REVIEW OF MEMORY ALLOCATION AND MANAGEMENT IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT :
In this paper I have described the memory management and allocation techniques in computer systems. The purpose of writing this survey paper is to elaborate the concept of memory allocation and management in computer systems because of the significance of memory component in computer system’s hardware. It is apparent from the work of computer scientists that effective and efficient main memory management and virtual memory management in computer systems improves the computer system’s performance by increasing throughput and processor utilization and by decreasing the response time and turnaround time. Firstly I have compared Uniprogramming system with Multiprogramming system. After comparison I found that Multiprogramming systems are quite better than Uniprogramming systems from the point of view of memory utilization. Also the functionality of operating system routines which are responsible for user’s memory partitioning must be improved to get better system performance in Multiprogramming system .In Uniprogramming system , the processor remains idle most of the time but dividing the memory into partitions for holding multiple processes as in Multiprogramming system does not solve the problem of idleness of a processor. Mostly all of the processes need I/O access, therefore processor also remain idle in Multiprogramming system. We have also discussed resource memory in detail and compared fixed partitioning with variable partitioning. After in depth study we found that variable partitioning is more advantageous than fixed partitioning because reallocation of page frames is impossible in fixed partitioning for a set of active processes at time instant‘t’. In this paper we have also discussed MIPS R2/3000 machine virtual to real address mapping in detail so that virtual to real address mapping can be understood through a machine’s architecture and example.
KEYWORDS:
Queues, Long Term Queues, Short Term Queues, I/O Queues, Swapping, Processor Scheduling, Fixed Partitioning, Variable Partitioning, Page Frames, Pages, Virtual Memory, Physical Memory, Processor Utilization, Throughput, Response Time, Turnaround Time
VIEW OF MEMORY ALLOCATION AND MANAGEMENT IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS
This document summarizes memory allocation and management techniques in computer systems. It compares uniprogramming and multiprogramming systems, discussing how multiprogramming improves processor utilization by allowing multiple processes to occupy memory simultaneously. It describes different types of queues used in memory and processor scheduling. It also discusses fixed and variable partitioning for allocating memory to processes, noting variable partitioning is more advantageous as it allows reallocating memory. Finally, it provides an example of virtual to physical address mapping in MIPS R2/3000 architecture.
6416cseij01
This document summarizes memory allocation and management techniques in computer systems. It compares uniprogramming and multiprogramming systems, discussing how multiprogramming improves processor utilization by allowing multiple processes to occupy memory simultaneously. It describes different types of queues used in memory and processor scheduling. It also discusses fixed and variable partitioning for allocating memory to processes, noting variable partitioning is more advantageous as it allows reallocating memory. Finally, it provides an example of virtual to physical address mapping in MIPS R2/3000 architecture.
Similar to Memory management (20)
LM9 - OPERATIONS, SCHEDULING, Inter process xommuncation
LM9 - OPERATIONS, SCHEDULING, Inter process xommuncation
A Review of Memory Allocation and Management in Computer Systems
A Review of Memory Allocation and Management in Computer Systems
Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ)
Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ)
A REVIEW OF MEMORY ALLOCATION AND MANAGEMENT IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS
A REVIEW OF MEMORY ALLOCATION AND MANAGEMENT IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS
VIEW OF MEMORY ALLOCATION AND MANAGEMENT IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS
VIEW OF MEMORY ALLOCATION AND MANAGEMENT IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Recently uploaded
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneSouth African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdMain Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Recently uploaded (20)
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Memory management
- 1. Seminar Presentation On MEMORY MANAGEMENT Submitted By:- Sohil Sundaram BCA – 2nd SEM Roll No. 30 Submitted To:- Mr. Dinesh Dobhal Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 2. OPERATING SYSTEM Program to manage Computer Hardware. Provide base for Application programs. Acts as an intermediary between user and hardware. Supports Complex games, business applications, etc. . Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 3. Memory - Definition Physical device capable of storing information. Is central to the operation of a modern computer system. Consists of large array of words or bytes, each with its own address. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 4. NEED OF MEMORY MANAGEMENT To manage the Primary Memory of OS. To optimize overall performance of Computer System. Helps in CPU Scheduling. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 5. Working Process Determines how memory is allocate among competing processes ? Which get memory and how much ? Which memory location ? After Execution, free the memory. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 6. Address Binding To Bring the process into memory. Compile Time : Process reside in memory. Load Time : Compiler generate relocatable table Execution Time : Moved from one segment from another. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 7. Logical vs Physical Address Address generated by the CPU is called Logical Address. Physical address is which is seen by the memory unit. Compile time and Load time has same impact on both addresses while they differ in Execution time address binding. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 8. Dynamic Loading Entire programs must be in Physical memory to execute. Size of process is limited to the size of physical memory. Main program is loaded into memory and is executed. Control is loaded or passed to the newly loaded routine. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 9. SWAPPING Process can be swapped temporarily out of memory and then brought back into memory for continued execution. In the mean time, CPU scheduler will allocate a time slice to other process in memory. When each process finishes its quantum, it will be swapped with another processes. The quantum must be large enough that reasonable amount of computing can be done b/w swaps. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 10. Contiguous Memory Allocation Main memory must accommodate with the operating system and the various user processes. Divided into two portions: Resident Operating system. User process. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 11. Memory Allocation Simplest method is to divide memory into several fixed partitions. Each partition may contain exactly one process. When a partition in free, a process is selected from the input queue and is loaded into the free partitions. Hole is searched for a new process. We allocate as much memory that is needed. When space allocated, it is loaded into memory and then compete for the CPU. After Termination, it releases the memory. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 12. Selection of Hole First – Fit :- Allocate the first hole that is big enough. Searching can start at the beginning or where the previous first-fit search ended. Best – Fit :- Allocate the smallest hole that is big enough. Search the entire list, unless the list is kept ordered by size. Worst – Fit :- Allocate the largest hole. Search the entire list unless it is sorted by size. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 13. Fragmentation It can be internal as well as external. Break Physical memory into fixed size of blocks and allocate memory in unit of block sizes. Memory allocated to process may be slightly larger than requested memory. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 14. PAGING Is a Memory Management Scheme that permits the physical address space of a process to be non-contiguous. Is used in many operating system. Physical memory breaks into fixed sized blocks called Frames. Logical memory also breaks into blocks of the same size called Pages. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 15. CONCLUSION Memory Management – ways to manage Memory. Memory management is a function responsible for managing the computers primary memory. It keeps the status of the memory whether free or allocated or free. It determines how memory is allocated among competing processes. How they will get it and how much they will get it. Sohil Sundaram, 30
- 16. Sohil Sundaram, 30 !!! THANKS !!!