The document discusses the different mediums of performing arts, focusing on vocal and instrumental music. It defines vocal music as music produced through the human voice, which is classified into long forms like opera, cantata, and oratorio, as well as short forms like folk songs, art songs, and rounds. Instrumental music is produced through instruments and includes genres like sonatas, suites, symphonies, concertos, and chamber music. Voices are also categorized based on timbre and range into women's voices like soprano, mezzo-soprano, and alto, and men's voices like tenor, baritone, and bass. Correct posture, breathing, placement, diction and interpretation are factors to consider

1. MEDIUMS OF THE
PERFORMING ARTS

2. Performing Arts:
are creative activities
presented before an audience,
on stage, and on open places.
includes music, dance, theatre
arts (play or drama), and
literature.

3. Music:
•is an art
•culture is reflected in art
•it deals with sounds
•the mediums of music are
vocal and instrumental music

4. Vocal Music:
is the oldest and most natural form of
music
Voice is produced by the variations of the
vocal chords in the voice box
resonators (lungs, esophagus, head, and
mouth cavities) are needed to increase
the sound produced by the vibrations
Correct positioning of the body, head, and
mouth will enable the air to vibrate freely

5. Factors to Consider to Correctly
Position the Body, Head, and Mouth
to Produce Good Vocal Music:
1. Correct Posture
Standing correctly allows
the air in the different body
cavities to vibrate and flow
fully.
Keeping one foot forward
will help maintain body
balance
When seated while singing,
keep your back away from
the chair in a rising position

6. 2. Correct Breathing
The quality and volume of
the voice depends upon
breathing.
Diaphragmatic Breathing is
advisable
3. Correct Placement of the Voice
To prevent throat singing and develop good tone
quality, never force out the voice. Project the voice
upward towards the head to improve tonal quality.

7. 4. Correct Diction
Diction has nothing to do with air vibration but it is
just as important in singing.
Good diction includes correct pronunciation, clean
enunciation, and distinct articulation
Good diction conveys the meaning of the song to the
listeners.
Pronunciation is the manner in which you say the word.
Enunciation is how clearly you say the words and its pieces.
Articulation is the actual formation of the sounds.
5. Correct Interpretation
Music is made even more beautiful when it is
interpreted properly
Without a correct interpretation, a song becomes
dull and uninteresting.

8. Classification of Vocal Music
Long Vocal Forms include:
1. Opera – drama set to music with action, costume, and
scenery. It consists of overture, arias, recitative,
ensemble, and chorus.
Vocal music can be classified into (1) long vocal forms and (2)
short vocal forms.

9. 2. Cantata – a story told in music
without action. It is a smaller version
of the oratorio and may be secular or
religious.
3. Oratorio – a form of dramatic music
also consisting of an overture, arias,
recitative, and ensemble based on
biblical stories or contemplative
characters. It is performed in concert
style, without costume, scenery, or
action. Greater emphasis is given to
the chorus and a testo (narrator) is
often utilized.

10. 4. Moro-moro – a
Philippine drama set
to music that depicts
Christian and non-
Christian conflicts.
5. Zarzuela– a
Philippine drama set
to music that is
similar to the opera.

11. Short Vocal Forms include:
1. Folk songs – are music attributed to people of a
certain race, nationality, or location
2. Art songs - a song written to be sung in recital,
typically with piano accompaniment and often set
to a poem.
3. Kundiman - is the classic form of Filipino love
song
4. Balitaw - is a debate or dialogue song in which a
young woman and a young man compete to see
who is better at improvising romantic verses.
5. Danza Habanera – it is a social dance in duple
time and performed in a ballroom or on a stage.
6. Anthem - a song that has special importance for a
particular group of people, an organization, or a
country, often sung on a special occasion

12. 7. Motet - a short piece of sacred choral music,
typically polyphonic and unaccompanied.
8. Madrigal - a type of song for several singers
without instruments that was popular in the
16th and 17th centuries.
9. Ballad – narrative poem or songs
10. Chorale - is a hymn or psalm sung to a
traditional or composed melody in church
11. Round/cannon - is a piece of voices (or
instrumental parts) that sing or play the same
music starting at different times.
12. Aria - is a self-contained piece for one voice,
with or without instrumental or orchestral
accompaniment, normally part of a larger
work.

13. Voice Classification
Women’s Voices:
a. Soprano – tone is lighter in character, less somber, and
frequently more flexible. It is broken down into:
Voice differs considerably depending on its timbre (quality)
and range. As to timbre, voices are classified into: women’s
voices and men’s voices.
• Coloratura soprano – highest and lightest of all voices. The
music written for this voice quality is full of runs, trills,
and light ornaments.
• Mezzo-soprano – medium high in tonal quality

14. b. Alto or contralto – the tone is richer and fuller
Men’s Voices:
a. Tenor – the highest type in men’s voice
b. Baritone – lies between tenor and bass
c. Bass – lowest and deepest voice quality
• Lyric soprano – less high and flute-like. It is suited
for sweet songs like melodies.

15. Instrumental Music
a. Sonata – a long composition for solo instrument,
consisting of large sections called movements. These
movements are the allegro, andante, and rondo. An
example is Sonata in C Major by composer Wolfgang A.
Mozart.
b. Suite – a series of musical pieces that tells a story. A
music that tells a story is called program music while a
music that tells no story is absolute music. An example is
the “Nutcracker Suite” composed by Peter Tchaikovzky.
Aside from voice, instruments are the other medium in
producing music. Instrumental music are classified into:

16. c. Symphony – a sonata
for the orchestra. Ludwig
Van Beethoven (1770-
1827) was a great
musician remembered for
his immortal symphonies.
d. Concerto – a sonata for
solo and orchestra
designed to show-off the
virtuosity of a great
musician remembered for
his immortal symphonies.

17. e. Chamber music – written for two solo instruments
(violins and flutes) and basso continuo (low string and
keyboard) and usually in several movements. Chamber
music is classified into sonata da camara (chamber
sonata) and sonata da chiesa (church sonata). Some
composers of chamber music were Vitali, J.S.Bach,
Torelli, and Purcelli.

18. END OF
MIDTERM
PERIOD