1) After conquering Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman Empire expanded across North Africa and Central Europe, treating other religions with tolerance. However, later wars and economic mismanagement weakened the empire. 2) Gothic and Romanesque architectural styles featuring pointed arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses appeared mostly in buildings. Painting and calligraphy flourished but sculpture declined for religious reasons. Architecture included mosques, baths, and palaces. 3) Applied arts included both machine-made and handcrafted functional goods. Embroidery, the Turkish art of decorating fabrics with threads, was an important applied art.

1. Medieval art period
in Turkey
“Together with Arts”
Erasmus+
Polish and Turkish teams

2. Medieval Turkey - Introduction
After the Turks entered Anatolia, the Seljuk and Ilkhanid armies captured
most of the Byzantine lands and trade centers in a short time. Finally, the
Ottomans II conquered Constantinople with Mehmet in 1453 and put the end
to 1058-year-old Byzantine Empire.The Ottomans treated other religions with
great success for many years after 1453 and they expanded the borders of
the country from North Africa to Central Europe.Then the wars with Russia ,
mismanagement, and the uprisings of other peoples in the country
weakened the empire. After the Janissary revolts, the Janissary center was
closed. Reforms to fix the economy showed themselves as heavy taxes and
fees and reversed profitable trade.

4. Romanesque and Gothic styles
Gothic and romanesque styles show up in mostly architecture. The thing about gothic
styles is that they are extremely symbolical and frequently the smallest things
represent significant beliefs or myths in some culture or religion.
There are three things
that make Gothic
architecture Gothic:
● the pointed arch
● the ribbed vault
● the flying
buttress

5. Painting
Matrakçı Nasuh:

6. Sculpture
There aren’t any medieval sculptures, because of religion reasons. The piece of art
from this historical period images mostly architecture, applied art and paintings.

7. Architecture
● There were built: mosques, Turkish baths, fountains, mausoleums,
● Hagia Sophia - mosque in Istanbul
● St. Peter’s castle in Bodrum
● Sumela Monastery

8. Applied art
There were 2 types of applied art:
Standard machine-made:
products which have had a particular design applied to make them more attractive and
easy-to-use.
Hand-made:
aesthetically pleasing but mostly functional , craft products made by artisans or skilled
workers

9. Calligraphy
This art developed between the 6th and 10th centuries.
Soon after, Turkey converted to Islam and adopted the Arabic alphabet,
which strengthened its influence on calligraphy.
In addition to dividing into six types of calligraphy, the Turks invented a
completely new type, called talik.

10. Embroidery
The Turkish art of embroidery is unquestionably as old as the history of the Turks themselves. The Turks placed importance on
the decoration of the objects which they wore or used. The art of embroidery developed over the centuries.Embroidery is usually
applied to fabrics such as cloth, linen, silk, satin, velvet and broadcloth, or to leather, using various types of coloured silk and
threads or gold and silver gilt thread. The fabric would be stretched over equipment such as an embroidery frame or
embroiderer’s hoop.There were also artists working at the bazaars using special techniques and equipment. There were also
gold or silver wire drawers, silk manufacturers preparing material for embroidery (such as gold or silver gilt thread, cotton or silk
cord or silk thread), stampers of ornamental designs, and cardboard cutters for gold and silver thread embroidery over cardboard
artists who had a different knowledge and expertise.

11. Monuments
Göbeklitepe Aspendos
Basilica Cisterna
Alanya Castle Topkapı Palace Myra

12. Fashion
Women had to wear loose pants and cotton
shirts. There was always a veil. Women’s
clothes depended on religion and they
couldn’t show their attributes.
Men wore a long robe with long sleeves, on
this robe they wore clothes with fur. Loose
pants and a belt were also part of the outfit.

13. Music and dance
Ottoman music has a large and varied system of modes known as makams, and other rules of
composition. In the Sufi teaching, each makam represents a particular psychological and
spiritual state. Above all a vocal music, Ottoman music traditionally accompanies a solo singer
with a small instrumental ensemble. In recent times, instruments might include turkish tanbur
(lute), ney (end-blown reed flute), klasik kemençe (classical kemenche), keman (Western violin),
kanun (zither) etc.

14. Culture
● When meeting shake hands firmly. When departing it is not always customary to shake hands although it is practised
occasionally.
● Friends and relations would greet each other with either one or two kisses on the cheek. Elders are always respected
by kissing their right hand then placing the forehead onto the hand.
● When entering a room, if you are not automatically met by someone greet the most elderly or most senior first. At
social occasions greet the person closest to you then work your way around the room or table anti-clockwise.
● Greet people with either the Islamic greeting of 'Asalamu alaykum' (peace be upon you) or 'Nasilsiniz' (How are you?
pronounced na-sul-su-nuz). Other useful phrases are
● 'Gunaydin' (Good Morning, pronounced goon-ay-dun), 'iyi gunler' (Good Day, pronounced ee-yee gun-ler) or
'Memnun Oldum' (pleased to meet you).

15. Authors
That presentation was prepared collaboratively by the Polish students from
Szkoła Podstawowa nr 2 z Oddziałami Dwujęzycznymi in Poznan and students of
Ataköy Atatürk secondary school in İstanbul:
Duru Ecir
Berrak Ecir
Nil Defne
Tuana ikra
Başak Dağsuyu
Alasu Kuzucu
Zeynep Alır
utku güney oduncu
Teacher: Selma Timurlenk

16. Sources
Architektura Turcji, czyli na styku kultur - Architektura - budnet.pl
Zabytki Turcji: wskazówki, zdjęcia i opinie turystów. Rating atrakcje Turcja (puntomarinero.com)
Lista światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO w Turcji – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia
https://cdnuploads.aa.com.tr/uploads/Contents/2018/12/27/thumbs_b_c_3c4b674a6862077cf14fbe39baffb640.jpg
https://www.weloveist.com/neo-gothic-architecture-istanbul
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_music
Santa Sofia – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre (wikipedia.org)
https://www.goturkey.com/blog/20-of-turkeys-most-impressive-historical-sites
Château Saint-Pierre — Wikipédia (wikipedia.org)
Sumela Monastery - Wikipedia