Medical Procedures
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A colonoscopy is an outpatient medical procedure performed by a gastroenterologist to examine the inside of the colon and rectum using a thin, flexible tube inserted through the anus. It can detect early signs of colorectal cancer and explain symptoms like weight loss, abdominal pain, bleeding, or changes in bowel habits. Dental extractions remove teeth that cannot be repaired or kept healthy through other means, and require local anesthesia. Bite-wing x-rays are taken in a dentist's office by placing x-ray film between the teeth partially hanging out of the mouth. Lavage procedures clean out hollow organs or wounds using sterile water solutions and are used for different parts of the body like the stomach, ears,
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Presentation8: colonsocopy, bitewing x-ray, hernioplasty, anastomosis
This document summarizes several gastrointestinal procedures: colonoscopy, bitewing x-rays, hernioplasty, and anastamosis. A colonoscopy visually examines the large intestine and rectum for abnormalities using a flexible scope. Bitewing x-rays detect cavities between teeth. Hernioplasty surgically repairs hernias using mesh and laparoscopic techniques. Anastamosis surgically connects tubular structures like intestines.
Presentation1.pptx chapter 8
The document discusses several medical procedures and tests:
Colonoscopy allows doctors to examine the entire large intestine and remove polyps or growths. It is used to screen for colon cancer.
Bitewing x-rays, the most common dental x-rays, are taken with part of the film between the teeth to check for cavities.
Hematochezia is the medical term for passing bright red blood in stool, which can be a symptom of colon cancer or hemorrhoids.
The serum bilirubin test measures waste in the bloodstream and elevated levels can indicate liver disease.
Colostomy
This document provides information about colostomies, including:
1. A colostomy is a stoma of the colon that diverts fecal matter and flatus by creating an opening between the colon and skin.
2. Indications for colostomy include both congenital conditions like Hirschsprung's disease and acquired conditions like intestinal obstruction, gangrenous bowel, or protecting a bowel anastomosis.
3. Colostomies can be classified temporally as temporary or permanent, anatomically by the portion of colon used, or constructionally as loop or divided depending on if the bowel is divided or intact.
Ostomy/stoma care
Certain diseases and injuries may necessitate an alternative form of bowel elimination through a surgically created ostomy. An ostomy diverts bowel contents through an opening in the abdominal wall. There are different types of ostomies including ileostomies, colostomies, and ureterostomies. Proper ostomy care involves assessing the ostomy and surrounding skin, emptying or changing the ostomy appliance as needed, and ensuring the new appliance adheres securely without irritation. Regular assessment and management of the ostomy is important for the patient's wellbeing.
Nursing care of a child with stoma
A stoma is a surgically created opening between the gastrointestinal or urinary tracts and the outside of the body, which can be created for various purposes like diverting bowel contents after resection or protecting areas from infection. Different types of stomas include colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies, and proper care involves assessing the stoma, protecting the skin around it, emptying and changing collection pouches, and addressing any complications.
Stoma modules caring for the stoma patient
The document provides an overview of the role of a nurse specialist in stoma care. It discusses the types of stomas formed, reasons for stoma surgery, and managing stoma appliances and common problems. As a nurse specialist, key responsibilities include educating patients pre-and post-operatively, providing holistic stoma care, managing wound and fistula care, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to support stoma patients. Changing appliances properly and daily management is important for stoma patients' quality of life.
Urinary diversion
Urinary diversion procedures are performed to divert urine from the bladder to a new exit site, usually through a surgically created opening (stoma) in the skin.
These procedures are primarily performed when a bladder tumor necessitates removal of the entire bladder (cystectomy).
Urinary diversion has also been used in managing pelvic malignancy, birth defects, strictures, trauma to ureters and urethra, neurogenic bladder, chronic infection causing severe ureteral and renal damage, and intractable interstitial cystitis and as a last resort in managing incontinence.
There are two categories of urinary diversion:
1. Cutaneous urinary diversion : in which urine drains through an opening created in the abdominal wall and skin.
2. Continent urinary diversion : in which a portion of the intestine is used to create a new reservoir for urine.
Stoma in surgery
This document provides information on intestinal stomas, including definitions, classifications, principles of formation, care, and complications. It discusses different types of intestinal stomas like colostomies and ileostomies. It describes factors to consider when creating a stoma like location, types based on function and duration. The document outlines principles of stoma formation and discusses complications that can arise as well as dietary and care advice for ostomates (people with stomas). It also provides a brief overview of urostomies which are surgically created openings for urinary diversion.
Recommended
Presentation8: colonsocopy, bitewing x-ray, hernioplasty, anastomosis
This document summarizes several gastrointestinal procedures: colonoscopy, bitewing x-rays, hernioplasty, and anastamosis. A colonoscopy visually examines the large intestine and rectum for abnormalities using a flexible scope. Bitewing x-rays detect cavities between teeth. Hernioplasty surgically repairs hernias using mesh and laparoscopic techniques. Anastamosis surgically connects tubular structures like intestines.
Presentation1.pptx chapter 8
The document discusses several medical procedures and tests:
Colonoscopy allows doctors to examine the entire large intestine and remove polyps or growths. It is used to screen for colon cancer.
Bitewing x-rays, the most common dental x-rays, are taken with part of the film between the teeth to check for cavities.
Hematochezia is the medical term for passing bright red blood in stool, which can be a symptom of colon cancer or hemorrhoids.
The serum bilirubin test measures waste in the bloodstream and elevated levels can indicate liver disease.
Colostomy
This document provides information about colostomies, including:
1. A colostomy is a stoma of the colon that diverts fecal matter and flatus by creating an opening between the colon and skin.
2. Indications for colostomy include both congenital conditions like Hirschsprung's disease and acquired conditions like intestinal obstruction, gangrenous bowel, or protecting a bowel anastomosis.
3. Colostomies can be classified temporally as temporary or permanent, anatomically by the portion of colon used, or constructionally as loop or divided depending on if the bowel is divided or intact.
Ostomy/stoma care
Certain diseases and injuries may necessitate an alternative form of bowel elimination through a surgically created ostomy. An ostomy diverts bowel contents through an opening in the abdominal wall. There are different types of ostomies including ileostomies, colostomies, and ureterostomies. Proper ostomy care involves assessing the ostomy and surrounding skin, emptying or changing the ostomy appliance as needed, and ensuring the new appliance adheres securely without irritation. Regular assessment and management of the ostomy is important for the patient's wellbeing.
Nursing care of a child with stoma
A stoma is a surgically created opening between the gastrointestinal or urinary tracts and the outside of the body, which can be created for various purposes like diverting bowel contents after resection or protecting areas from infection. Different types of stomas include colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies, and proper care involves assessing the stoma, protecting the skin around it, emptying and changing collection pouches, and addressing any complications.
Stoma modules caring for the stoma patient
The document provides an overview of the role of a nurse specialist in stoma care. It discusses the types of stomas formed, reasons for stoma surgery, and managing stoma appliances and common problems. As a nurse specialist, key responsibilities include educating patients pre-and post-operatively, providing holistic stoma care, managing wound and fistula care, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to support stoma patients. Changing appliances properly and daily management is important for stoma patients' quality of life.
Urinary diversion
Urinary diversion procedures are performed to divert urine from the bladder to a new exit site, usually through a surgically created opening (stoma) in the skin.
These procedures are primarily performed when a bladder tumor necessitates removal of the entire bladder (cystectomy).
Urinary diversion has also been used in managing pelvic malignancy, birth defects, strictures, trauma to ureters and urethra, neurogenic bladder, chronic infection causing severe ureteral and renal damage, and intractable interstitial cystitis and as a last resort in managing incontinence.
There are two categories of urinary diversion:
1. Cutaneous urinary diversion : in which urine drains through an opening created in the abdominal wall and skin.
2. Continent urinary diversion : in which a portion of the intestine is used to create a new reservoir for urine.
Stoma in surgery
This document provides information on intestinal stomas, including definitions, classifications, principles of formation, care, and complications. It discusses different types of intestinal stomas like colostomies and ileostomies. It describes factors to consider when creating a stoma like location, types based on function and duration. The document outlines principles of stoma formation and discusses complications that can arise as well as dietary and care advice for ostomates (people with stomas). It also provides a brief overview of urostomies which are surgically created openings for urinary diversion.
Stoma
The document defines a stoma as an artificial opening in the abdominal wall that allows drainage of contents from internal tubular structures like the bowel or ureter. It then focuses on colostomies, defining them as surgical openings made in the large bowel to divert feces and gas to the outside of the body where they can be collected. The document outlines the indications for colostomies, types, postoperative care both in the hospital and at discharge, education of patients and caregivers, and potential complications.
Stoma indication
This document provides information on indications and construction of stomas. It defines a stoma as an artificial opening in the abdominal wall that connects the bowel or urinary tract to the outside environment. It describes different types of stomas based on duration (temporary or permanent) and anatomical location. Common indications for stomas include feeding, lavage, decompression, diversion, and exteriorization. Details are provided on constructing ileostomies and colostomies, including important considerations for stoma site selection and marking. Routine post-operative stoma care is also outlined.
Colostomy
Stomas are artificial openings in the abdomen that allow waste to exit the body. There are several types of stomas including ileostomies, colostomies, and ureterostomies. Colostomies specifically create an opening in the colon to divert feces, and can be temporary or permanent depending on the underlying condition. Proper care of stomas involves a healthy diet, hydration, exercise, and regularly changing collection appliances.
Surgical COnsiderations of Ostomy Creation
An 87-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, distention and constipation. Imaging showed a perforated sigmoid colon requiring a sigmoidectomy and Hartmann's procedure. Pathology found sigmoid diverticulitis. She was discharged but readmitted 2.5 months later for elective colostomy closure. Guidelines were presented on ostomy creation and closure techniques to reduce complications like hernias. Evidence supports laparoscopic and loop ileostomy approaches when possible. Proper stoma construction and postoperative care can prevent issues like dehydration that lead to readmission.
Colostomy care
A colostomy is a surgical opening in the colon that is brought through the abdominal wall to allow stool to exit the body. It can be temporary to allow the colon to heal after surgery or permanent. Nurses provide pre- and post-operative care for patients with colostomies, which involves educating them on stoma care like changing pouches and monitoring for issues like irritation or infection. Proper nursing care and teaching patients self-care techniques helps them adjust to life after colostomy surgery.
Types of intestinal stomas and management
The document discusses types of intestinal stomas including classifications based on duration, anatomical location, and reconstruction. It covers indications for stoma creation, principles of stoma formation including challenges, common complications, and dietary advice for ostomates. Stoma appliances and management of various stoma-related complications are also described.
Stoma care
The document discusses stoma care, including definitions, indications for ostomy surgery, types of stomas, and how to care for a stoma. Some key points include:
- A stoma is a surgically created opening that allows stool or urine to exit the body. Common reasons for ostomy surgery in children include birth defects and inflammatory bowel disease.
- There are three main types of stomas - colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy - depending on where in the digestive or urinary system the opening is created.
- Proper stoma care involves using pouches and barriers to collect waste, changing pouches regularly, and techniques like irrigation for some colostomies. Managing
Stoma
An intestinal stoma is an artificial opening in the abdominal wall that connects the intestinal tract to the outside of the body. There are different types of stomas including ileostomies, colostomies, and urostomies. Ileostomies divert small intestine contents and have a liquid effluent that is discharged continuously. Colostomies divert large intestine contents and have solid, intermittent effluent. Stomas can be temporary or permanent depending on the clinical situation and are constructed in different ways including as an end stoma or loop stoma. Proper stoma care and use of appliances is important for managing stomas.
Barium enema ppt
This document discusses barium enema, a radiographic study used to evaluate the large bowel. It can detect both intramural and extrinsic abnormalities of the colon that are difficult to see during colonoscopy. Both single and double contrast techniques are described. Normal anatomy and appearances are outlined as well as various pathological findings including polyps, diverticulosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, tuberculosis, and tumors. Complications are noted to be generally mild but include discomfort, perforation, and allergic reactions.
Intestinal stoma( COLOSTOMY)
This document discusses intestinal stomas, specifically colostomies. It describes colostomies as openings of the intestinal or urinary tract onto the abdominal wall. There are two main types of colostomies: decompressing and diverting. Decompressing colostomies are temporary and act as a bridge to definitive treatment by relieving pressure in the proximal colon from distal obstructions. Diverting colostomies are permanent and reroute fecal flow when the distal bowel has been resected. The document provides details on determining colostomy location, types of decompressing stomas like blowhole and loop colostomies, and complications that can arise like stricture, necrosis, and hernias
intestinal Stoma
This document discusses different types of intestinal stomas. It begins by defining a stoma as an opening of the intestinal tract onto the abdominal wall, which can be temporary or permanent. It describes factors to consider when selecting a stoma site, such as avoiding deep folds of fat or scars. The document then covers various types of stomas including colostomies and ileostomies. It provides details on their construction and functions, whether they serve to decompress or divert intestinal contents. Complications that can arise are also mentioned.
Barium follow through & small bowel enema ranju
The document discusses barium follow through, which examines the small bowel from the duodenum to the ileocecal region by administering barium orally. It can be done as a continuation of an upper GI series or separately. Methods include single or double contrast. Double contrast uses an effervescent agent to better distend and separate bowel loops. The procedure involves preliminary films, administering contrast, and taking films over several hours to follow the barium through the small bowel. It is used to evaluate conditions like Crohn's disease and complications include leakage from an undetected perforation.
Barium series
A barium enema, also known as a lower GI exam, is an x-ray examination of the large intestine that uses barium sulfate and fluoroscopy to detect abnormalities. During the procedure, a contrast material is instilled into the rectum and colon through an enema tube while x-ray images are taken. It can detect issues like cancer, polyps, inflammation and other structural abnormalities. Barium enemas can be single or double contrast, with double contrast using air in addition to barium to better coat the colon walls. The test aims to evaluate symptoms like bleeding, pain, weight loss or change in bowel habits. Precautions are taken to avoid perforation and risks like barium hardening.
Colostomies project
A colostomy is a surgical procedure that brings part of the large intestine out through an opening in the abdominal wall. It may be temporary or permanent and is usually performed after bowel surgery or injury. Different types of colostomies include colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies, which are named based on where in the digestive tract the opening is created. Proper care and maintenance of a colostomy involves cleaning the skin around the stoma with wipes, checking it regularly with a mirror, and applying new appliances securely.
Urinary Diversion
This document provides an overview of urinary diversion and urinary bladder substitution techniques. It discusses the history and types of urinary diversion, including temporary vs. permanent, external vs. internal, continent vs. incontinent, and definitive vs. palliative diversions. Common techniques described include ileal conduits, colonic conduits, cutaneous continent diversions like Kock pouches, and orthotopic neobladders. Complications of different diversion methods are outlined. Factors in selecting the appropriate diversion type include the patient's age, comorbidities, renal function, and tumor extent/location. The goal is to maximize tumor control while minimizing complications and optimizing quality of life.
Surgical short case stoma
This document provides guidance on examining a stoma. It lists the key aspects to comment on including the site, type of stoma, condition of surrounding skin, status of any loop, and characteristics of discharge. A sample comment is provided as an example. Additionally, the document defines what a stoma is, describes their functions and common complications, and differentiates between ileostomies and colostomies. Images are also included showing examples of different stoma types.
What is an Ostomy
A stoma (or ostomy, these 2 words mean the same thing) is a surgically created opening on the abdomen which allows stool or urine to exit the body. There are 3 main types of stoma – colostomy, ileostomy and urostomy.
Intestinal stomas
- Intestinal stomas are surgically created openings of the small or large intestine onto the abdominal wall. There are three main types: colostomy, ileostomy, and loop stoma.
- Complications include prolapse, herniation, stenosis, dermatitis from effluent, and obstruction. Dietary advice focuses on reducing gas, bulk and odorous foods. Management involves properly attaching collection bags and monitoring for complications.
Colostomy care
A colostomy is a surgical procedure where a portion of the large intestine is brought through the abdominal wall to carry stool out of the body. It may be temporary or permanent and is commonly performed to treat conditions like cancer, bowel obstructions, or injuries. After surgery, patients require care of the stoma including regularly emptying and changing ostomy pouches. A healthy diet and lifestyle can help manage symptoms and complications after having a colostomy.
Mcu
The voiding cystourethrogram is an x-ray exam used to evaluate the lower urinary tract. It involves inserting a catheter into the bladder and filling it with contrast dye before taking x-rays during urination. It can detect conditions like vesicoureteral reflux, bladder abnormalities, and issues with the bladder outlet. The document provides detailed information on how the exam is performed, what it can evaluate, common findings, and examples of various normal and abnormal results.
J. bronchoalveolar lavage
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) involves infusing saline through a bronchoscope to collect cellular samples from the lungs. BAL is used to evaluate immunocompromised patients for opportunistic infections, diagnose lung diseases, and detect infections. Samples are separated into bronchial and alveolar portions and analyzed microscopically by cell counts and differentials to identify increased numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, or eosinophils which can indicate various lung conditions. Microscopic examination may also reveal pathogens like Pneumocystis jiroveci that cause pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. BAL allows detection of a variety of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral lung infections.
Bal fluid analysis
Broncho-Alveolar Lavage Fluid Analysis provides information on the status of the respiratory tract beyond what can be seen bronchoscopically. It involves instilling saline into segments of the lung and analyzing the cell types in the returned fluid. A satisfactory sample contains at least 2x10^6 cells including over 10 macrophages per field. Differential cell counts can indicate conditions like pneumonia, cancer, sarcoidosis, and alveolar hemorrhage. Special stains can identify pathogens, lipids, proteins, and minerals for diagnostic purposes. Complications are generally minor but loss of lung function is a risk in severely compromised patients.
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Stoma
The document defines a stoma as an artificial opening in the abdominal wall that allows drainage of contents from internal tubular structures like the bowel or ureter. It then focuses on colostomies, defining them as surgical openings made in the large bowel to divert feces and gas to the outside of the body where they can be collected. The document outlines the indications for colostomies, types, postoperative care both in the hospital and at discharge, education of patients and caregivers, and potential complications.
Stoma indication
This document provides information on indications and construction of stomas. It defines a stoma as an artificial opening in the abdominal wall that connects the bowel or urinary tract to the outside environment. It describes different types of stomas based on duration (temporary or permanent) and anatomical location. Common indications for stomas include feeding, lavage, decompression, diversion, and exteriorization. Details are provided on constructing ileostomies and colostomies, including important considerations for stoma site selection and marking. Routine post-operative stoma care is also outlined.
Colostomy
Stomas are artificial openings in the abdomen that allow waste to exit the body. There are several types of stomas including ileostomies, colostomies, and ureterostomies. Colostomies specifically create an opening in the colon to divert feces, and can be temporary or permanent depending on the underlying condition. Proper care of stomas involves a healthy diet, hydration, exercise, and regularly changing collection appliances.
Surgical COnsiderations of Ostomy Creation
An 87-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, distention and constipation. Imaging showed a perforated sigmoid colon requiring a sigmoidectomy and Hartmann's procedure. Pathology found sigmoid diverticulitis. She was discharged but readmitted 2.5 months later for elective colostomy closure. Guidelines were presented on ostomy creation and closure techniques to reduce complications like hernias. Evidence supports laparoscopic and loop ileostomy approaches when possible. Proper stoma construction and postoperative care can prevent issues like dehydration that lead to readmission.
Colostomy care
A colostomy is a surgical opening in the colon that is brought through the abdominal wall to allow stool to exit the body. It can be temporary to allow the colon to heal after surgery or permanent. Nurses provide pre- and post-operative care for patients with colostomies, which involves educating them on stoma care like changing pouches and monitoring for issues like irritation or infection. Proper nursing care and teaching patients self-care techniques helps them adjust to life after colostomy surgery.
Types of intestinal stomas and management
The document discusses types of intestinal stomas including classifications based on duration, anatomical location, and reconstruction. It covers indications for stoma creation, principles of stoma formation including challenges, common complications, and dietary advice for ostomates. Stoma appliances and management of various stoma-related complications are also described.
Stoma care
The document discusses stoma care, including definitions, indications for ostomy surgery, types of stomas, and how to care for a stoma. Some key points include:
- A stoma is a surgically created opening that allows stool or urine to exit the body. Common reasons for ostomy surgery in children include birth defects and inflammatory bowel disease.
- There are three main types of stomas - colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy - depending on where in the digestive or urinary system the opening is created.
- Proper stoma care involves using pouches and barriers to collect waste, changing pouches regularly, and techniques like irrigation for some colostomies. Managing
Stoma
An intestinal stoma is an artificial opening in the abdominal wall that connects the intestinal tract to the outside of the body. There are different types of stomas including ileostomies, colostomies, and urostomies. Ileostomies divert small intestine contents and have a liquid effluent that is discharged continuously. Colostomies divert large intestine contents and have solid, intermittent effluent. Stomas can be temporary or permanent depending on the clinical situation and are constructed in different ways including as an end stoma or loop stoma. Proper stoma care and use of appliances is important for managing stomas.
Barium enema ppt
This document discusses barium enema, a radiographic study used to evaluate the large bowel. It can detect both intramural and extrinsic abnormalities of the colon that are difficult to see during colonoscopy. Both single and double contrast techniques are described. Normal anatomy and appearances are outlined as well as various pathological findings including polyps, diverticulosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, tuberculosis, and tumors. Complications are noted to be generally mild but include discomfort, perforation, and allergic reactions.
Intestinal stoma( COLOSTOMY)
This document discusses intestinal stomas, specifically colostomies. It describes colostomies as openings of the intestinal or urinary tract onto the abdominal wall. There are two main types of colostomies: decompressing and diverting. Decompressing colostomies are temporary and act as a bridge to definitive treatment by relieving pressure in the proximal colon from distal obstructions. Diverting colostomies are permanent and reroute fecal flow when the distal bowel has been resected. The document provides details on determining colostomy location, types of decompressing stomas like blowhole and loop colostomies, and complications that can arise like stricture, necrosis, and hernias
intestinal Stoma
This document discusses different types of intestinal stomas. It begins by defining a stoma as an opening of the intestinal tract onto the abdominal wall, which can be temporary or permanent. It describes factors to consider when selecting a stoma site, such as avoiding deep folds of fat or scars. The document then covers various types of stomas including colostomies and ileostomies. It provides details on their construction and functions, whether they serve to decompress or divert intestinal contents. Complications that can arise are also mentioned.
Barium follow through & small bowel enema ranju
The document discusses barium follow through, which examines the small bowel from the duodenum to the ileocecal region by administering barium orally. It can be done as a continuation of an upper GI series or separately. Methods include single or double contrast. Double contrast uses an effervescent agent to better distend and separate bowel loops. The procedure involves preliminary films, administering contrast, and taking films over several hours to follow the barium through the small bowel. It is used to evaluate conditions like Crohn's disease and complications include leakage from an undetected perforation.
Barium series
A barium enema, also known as a lower GI exam, is an x-ray examination of the large intestine that uses barium sulfate and fluoroscopy to detect abnormalities. During the procedure, a contrast material is instilled into the rectum and colon through an enema tube while x-ray images are taken. It can detect issues like cancer, polyps, inflammation and other structural abnormalities. Barium enemas can be single or double contrast, with double contrast using air in addition to barium to better coat the colon walls. The test aims to evaluate symptoms like bleeding, pain, weight loss or change in bowel habits. Precautions are taken to avoid perforation and risks like barium hardening.
Colostomies project
A colostomy is a surgical procedure that brings part of the large intestine out through an opening in the abdominal wall. It may be temporary or permanent and is usually performed after bowel surgery or injury. Different types of colostomies include colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies, which are named based on where in the digestive tract the opening is created. Proper care and maintenance of a colostomy involves cleaning the skin around the stoma with wipes, checking it regularly with a mirror, and applying new appliances securely.
Urinary Diversion
This document provides an overview of urinary diversion and urinary bladder substitution techniques. It discusses the history and types of urinary diversion, including temporary vs. permanent, external vs. internal, continent vs. incontinent, and definitive vs. palliative diversions. Common techniques described include ileal conduits, colonic conduits, cutaneous continent diversions like Kock pouches, and orthotopic neobladders. Complications of different diversion methods are outlined. Factors in selecting the appropriate diversion type include the patient's age, comorbidities, renal function, and tumor extent/location. The goal is to maximize tumor control while minimizing complications and optimizing quality of life.
Surgical short case stoma
This document provides guidance on examining a stoma. It lists the key aspects to comment on including the site, type of stoma, condition of surrounding skin, status of any loop, and characteristics of discharge. A sample comment is provided as an example. Additionally, the document defines what a stoma is, describes their functions and common complications, and differentiates between ileostomies and colostomies. Images are also included showing examples of different stoma types.
What is an Ostomy
A stoma (or ostomy, these 2 words mean the same thing) is a surgically created opening on the abdomen which allows stool or urine to exit the body. There are 3 main types of stoma – colostomy, ileostomy and urostomy.
Intestinal stomas
- Intestinal stomas are surgically created openings of the small or large intestine onto the abdominal wall. There are three main types: colostomy, ileostomy, and loop stoma.
- Complications include prolapse, herniation, stenosis, dermatitis from effluent, and obstruction. Dietary advice focuses on reducing gas, bulk and odorous foods. Management involves properly attaching collection bags and monitoring for complications.
Colostomy care
A colostomy is a surgical procedure where a portion of the large intestine is brought through the abdominal wall to carry stool out of the body. It may be temporary or permanent and is commonly performed to treat conditions like cancer, bowel obstructions, or injuries. After surgery, patients require care of the stoma including regularly emptying and changing ostomy pouches. A healthy diet and lifestyle can help manage symptoms and complications after having a colostomy.
Mcu
The voiding cystourethrogram is an x-ray exam used to evaluate the lower urinary tract. It involves inserting a catheter into the bladder and filling it with contrast dye before taking x-rays during urination. It can detect conditions like vesicoureteral reflux, bladder abnormalities, and issues with the bladder outlet. The document provides detailed information on how the exam is performed, what it can evaluate, common findings, and examples of various normal and abnormal results.
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Barium follow through & small bowel enema ranju
Barium follow through & small bowel enema ranju
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J. bronchoalveolar lavage
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) involves infusing saline through a bronchoscope to collect cellular samples from the lungs. BAL is used to evaluate immunocompromised patients for opportunistic infections, diagnose lung diseases, and detect infections. Samples are separated into bronchial and alveolar portions and analyzed microscopically by cell counts and differentials to identify increased numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, or eosinophils which can indicate various lung conditions. Microscopic examination may also reveal pathogens like Pneumocystis jiroveci that cause pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. BAL allows detection of a variety of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral lung infections.
Bal fluid analysis
Broncho-Alveolar Lavage Fluid Analysis provides information on the status of the respiratory tract beyond what can be seen bronchoscopically. It involves instilling saline into segments of the lung and analyzing the cell types in the returned fluid. A satisfactory sample contains at least 2x10^6 cells including over 10 macrophages per field. Differential cell counts can indicate conditions like pneumonia, cancer, sarcoidosis, and alveolar hemorrhage. Special stains can identify pathogens, lipids, proteins, and minerals for diagnostic purposes. Complications are generally minor but loss of lung function is a risk in severely compromised patients.
Broncho-Alveolar Lavage
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a procedure that washes and samples the lung alveoli. It involves inserting a bronchoscope and instilling saline into a selected lung segment. The saline is then suctioned back to obtain a specimen for analysis. BAL analysis provides information on cell counts, microbiology, and cytology to help diagnose conditions like infection, hemorrhage, cancer, and interstitial lung diseases. It has a low risk of complications but can potentially cause cough, fever, or changes in lung function.
PFT and Interstitial lung diseases
This document discusses pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). It describes the physiology of breathing and lung volumes/capacities measured by PFTs. Key PFTs include spirometry, which measures volumes and flow rates, and diffusion capacity testing. ILDs predominantly involve the lung interstitium. The most common ILDs are idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and those caused by occupational/environmental exposures. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis are among the most frequent etiologies seen in India. ILDs are classified and their clinical features, investigations, and patterns on PFTs are outlined.
pneumocystis pneumonia
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci and is an opportunistic infection affecting those with weakened immune systems. It is diagnosed through microscopic visualization of the organism in samples obtained noninvasively through induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage, or invasively through lung biopsy. Common symptoms include dyspnea, fever, and cough. Chest imaging often shows bilateral infiltrates and laboratory tests like lactate dehydrogenase are elevated. Treatment involves anti-fungal medications.
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
A 30-year-old man from Yemen presented with fever and dyspnea for three weeks. He had a history of occasional smoking and unclear sexual history. On examination, he had rapid breathing and oxygen saturation of 91% on room air. Initial tests showed leukopenia and elevated LDH. Chest X-ray showed diffuse bilateral infiltrates. Given his symptoms and test results, Pneumocystis pneumonia was suspected as the cause of his dyspnea. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was recommended, with alternatives available for patients with sulfamethoxazole allergy.
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Digestive system
A colonoscopy is a test where a flexible scope is inserted through the anus and rectum to examine the colon. During the procedure, polyps can be removed. Lavage refers to cleaning or rinsing an organ by flushing it with a tube. Different types of lavage clean various organs. An anastomosis is a surgical connection between two organs or vessels, such as rejoining sections of intestine. Bitewing x-rays image the back teeth to check for decay between teeth and assess how well the upper and lower teeth align.
Chapter 8 120 medical terminology
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the rectum and entire colon. It allows doctors to detect potential health issues like colon cancer, inflamed tissue, ulcers or abnormal growths that could be causing symptoms like changes in bowel movements, abdominal pain or bleeding. During the procedure, tissues samples can also be collected for biopsy.
Digestive systems 8
The document discusses the digestive system and various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures related to digestion. It provides information on the digestive tract, diagnostic tests like serum bilirubin tests and bite-wing x-rays, endoscopic procedures like colonoscopies, and therapeutic procedures such as lavage. Lavage involves cleaning out the contents of the stomach, often used to eliminate poisons or for patients who have overdosed, and can only be done within 10-15 minutes of ingestion.
Diagnostic test for git
The document describes various medical tests used to evaluate the gastrointestinal system, including non-invasive imaging tests like X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRI scans. It also discusses endoscopy procedures like colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and upper endoscopy where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted into parts of the GI tract to examine the inside. Additionally, it provides details on functional tests like anorectal manometry and pH monitoring that evaluate muscle strength and acid levels in the esophagus and rectum.
Fowlkesdigestivesystem
This document summarizes key terms related to the digestive system. It defines bite-wing x-rays as dental x-rays used to view posterior teeth, and explains they are used to examine interdental caries and bone loss. It describes serum bilirubin as a blood test that measures bilirubin levels, which are elevated in conditions like hepatitis or gallstones. Lavage is explained as using a nasogastric tube to clean out stomach contents, often after overdoses or before surgery. Finally, anastomosis is defined as the surgical connection of two organs or vessels, like rejoining sections of intestines after removal of a part.
Digestive system presentation#8
The document provides information on various terms related to the digestive system. It discusses procedures like colonoscopy, where a flexible scope is used to view the colon and extract polyps. It also describes choledocholithotripsy, the process of crushing gallstones in the common bile duct using a tiny basket. Extraction is defined as the removal of teeth, often wisdom teeth. Finally, hematochezia is defined as the passing of bright red blood in the stools, which can be caused by conditions like hemorrhoids or colon cancer.
Dr. Sonali Gautam All About galballder .pdf
A pear-shaped organ, the gallbladder is situated directly below the liver. It is a component of the digestive system and is in charge of storing and releasing bile produced by the liver into the small intestine. A necessary fluid called bile aids in the digestion of dietary fats, cholesterol, and several vitamins. Learn about the gallbladder, its function, gallbladder surgery, and the healthiest meals for people with gallbladder pain. Below is a picture showing where in the body the gall bladder is located.
5 Abbreviations Regarding Urinary System
The document discusses 5 common abbreviations related to the urinary system: BNO (bladder neck obstruction), Cath (catheterization), CC (clean catch urine specimen), EU (excretory urography), and UTI (urinary tract infection). It provides details on each abbreviation, including causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and prevention methods. The abbreviations cover various conditions and procedures involving the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Complications are also outlined, such as infections from catheterization.
Diagnostic Procedures Of The Urinary System
The document discusses several common diagnostic procedures for the urinary system:
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) testing measures nitrogen levels in the blood to evaluate kidney function.
Urine culture (UC) examines a urine sample for bacteria to diagnose urinary tract infections and determine appropriate treatment.
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB) x-ray images the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without dye to detect abnormalities in the abdomen.
Retrograde pyelogram (RP) uses dye injected into the urethra to visualize the kidneys and ureters and detect any obstructions.
Cystoscopy (cysto) uses
Diagnostic Procedures Of The Urinary System
The document discusses several common diagnostic procedures for the urinary system:
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) testing measures nitrogen levels in the blood to evaluate kidney function.
Urine culture (UC) examines a urine sample for bacteria to diagnose urinary tract infections and determine appropriate treatment.
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB) x-ray images the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without dye to detect abnormalities in the abdomen.
Retrograde pyelogram (RP) uses dye injected into the urethra to visualize the kidneys and ureters and detect any obstructions.
Cystoscopy (cysto) uses
Diseases of the gastrointestinal system
The gastrointestinal system, also known as the digestive system, has three main functions: to digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. It is composed of many parts including the teeth, stomach, intestines, and liver. Problems with the GI system can be life threatening and include conditions like cachexia, which causes weight loss and weakness, and high serum bilirubin levels, which can indicate liver disease. Other GI procedures include lavage, where the stomach is pumped using a tube to counteract poisonings, and extractions, where teeth are surgically removed.
Diagnostic Procedures Of The Urinary System
The document summarizes several common diagnostic procedures for the urinary system:
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) tests measure nitrogen levels in the blood to evaluate kidney function. A urine culture examines a urine sample for bacteria that may be causing a urinary tract infection. A Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB) x-ray produces images of the kidneys, ureters and bladder without dye. A retrograde pyelogram uses dye injected into the urethra to outline the urinary structures, while a cystoscopy visually examines the bladder using a cytoscope.
The digestive system
The document discusses several terms related to the digestive system:
Colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine the inside of the colon and rectum using a flexible scope.
Choledocholithotripsy is a procedure to crush gallstones in the common bile duct.
Serum bilirubin is a blood test that measures bilirubin levels, which indicates liver function and the ability to process bilirubin.
Extraction refers to the surgical removal of teeth.
Gastro procedures
The document summarizes several common digestive system procedures:
1) Stool cultures examine stool samples to identify pathogenic bacteria that may be causing diarrhea.
2) Paracentesis uses a needle to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity to diagnose infections or other conditions.
3) Gastroscopy inserts a flexible scope through the mouth to examine the esophagus and stomach for issues like ulcers or cancers.
The urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra working together to produce, store, and eliminate urine. When these organs are not functioning properly, illnesses and diseases can develop. Diagnostic procedures like excretory urography, urine tests, and hemodialysis are used to detect issues by examining the urinary tract and kidney function or cleaning the blood. Common urinary problems addressed are urinary tract infections, bladder neck obstruction, and kidney failure requiring hemodialysis. Clean catch urine specimens are also discussed as a standard urine test procedure.
Biology 120 presentations
Colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine the colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera. During the procedure, the doctor can detect abnormalities, remove polyps, and take biopsies of tissues. Possible side effects include bleeding and colon puncture, but these are uncommon.
Urinary system medical term
The document provides definitions and explanations for 5 medical abbreviations related to the urinary system:
1. ARF stands for acute renal failure, which is the rapid breakdown of kidney function that occurs when toxins accumulate due to the kidneys' inability to excrete waste.
2. Cath refers to catheterization, where a tube is inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine or deliver treatments.
3. Cysto is short for cystoscopy, an procedure where a thin camera is inserted into the urethra and bladder to examine the lower urinary tract.
4. BUN measures the level of urea nitrogen in the blood, which indicates how well the
Presentation 8
This document discusses various gastrointestinal procedures and conditions. It describes gallstones, their causes and symptoms. Imaging tests for gallstones like ultrasound, CT scan, and radionuclide scans are outlined. Anastomosis and gastric stapling procedures are explained as well as their risks and benefits. Colonoscopy preparation, procedure, risks and potential findings are summarized.
Section 6 assisting with bowel elimination-1
This document provides information about assisting with bowel elimination, including defining key terms, factors that affect elimination, common problems, and caring for individuals with specific conditions. It discusses observing stool characteristics, constipation, fecal impaction, diarrhea, incontinence, flatulence, bowel training, uses of enemas, and caring for those with ostomies. The overall goal is to understand how to meet an individual's elimination needs and prevent common problems through diet, fluids, activity, and other interventions.
Treatment for Gallstones-Symptoms, Causes, Risks, and Options.pdf
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
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The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
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