A gamma camera, also known as a scintillation camera, uses gamma ray-emitting radiotracers injected into the body to generate images of organs and systems. It consists of a collimator, NaI(Tl) crystal, photomultiplier tubes, preamplifier, amplifier, position logic circuits, pulse height analyzer, data analysis computer, and display. The gamma camera detects gamma rays emitted by the radiotracer and converts them into a 3D image that can be used to examine organ function and identify abnormalities.

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6. A device used to image
gamma radiation emitting
radioisotopes (scintigraphy)

7. To view & analyze images of the
human body or distribution of
medically injected, inhaled or
ingested radionuclides
emitting gamma rays.

10.  CALLIMATOR
 NAL (TI) CRYSTAL
 PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES (PMT)
 PRE- AMPLIFIER
 AMPLIFIER
 POSITION LOGIC CIRCUITS
 PULSE HEIGHT ANALYZER
 DATA ANALYSIS COMPUTER
 DISPLAY (CATHODE RAY TUBE etc.)
 GANTRY

11. CALLIMATOR
• Made of a large
number of small
holes drilled in a
plate of lead.
• Provide the right
direction.
• Scatter radiation
absorbed by septa.

12. TYPES OF COLLIMATOR
PARALLEL - HOLE PIN- HOLE
COLLIMATOR
Image
Same Size
as
Object
Sensitivity

13. CONT.
CONVERGING DIVERGING

14. NAL (TI) CRYSTAL
 Converts received radiations into
light photons

15. PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES (PMT)
 Following the light
guide.
 photocathode converts
light photons into
electrons.
 electrons amplified
through many dynodes.
 The final electrons
cluster is collected at the
anode
 anode converts them
into electrical signals.

16. PRE- AMPLIFIER & AMPLIFIER
 Pre- amps attach above the
PMT.
 The amount of charge given by
PMT is very small. Even though
we have used a sophisticated
photo detector like a PMT we
still end up with quite a small
electrical signal.
 A very sensitive amplifier is
therefore needed to amplify this
signal. This type of amplifier is
generally called a pre-amplifier.
 After that use amplifier to
amplify the signal as need.

17. POSITION LOGIC
CIRCUITS
 Position circuitary
receive the electrical
impulses from the tubes in
the summing matrix
circuit (SMC).
 This allows the position
circuits to determine
where each scintillation
event occurred in the
detector crystal.
PULSE HEIGHT
ANALYZER
 The amplitude of each
electrical pulse from the
amplifiers is measured
in the electrical circuits
of the pulse-height
analyzer
 Peak height analyzer
and a computer convert
the light into a useful
anatomical image

18. DATA ANALYSIS COMPUTER
 A processing computer is used to deal
with the incoming projection data and
processes it into a readable image of the 3D
spatial distribution of activity within the
patient.
The computer may use various methods to
reconstruct an image, such as filtered back
projection or iterative reconstruction

19. GANTRY
 A gamma camera system
attached with gantry.
 All circuits and motors
related to movement
(longitudinal, rotational,
up & down)of gamma
camera placed in gantry.
gantry

20.  Bone scan.
 Myocardial
Perfusion
 Lung scan.
 Kidney function.
 Thyroid uptake.

23. Is a radioactive pharmaceutical
agent that is used for
diagnostic or therapy in a
tracer quantity.

24. RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL
THERAPEUTIC
DIAGNOSING

25. THERAPEUTIC
 Designed to deliver therapeutic dose of
ionizing radiation to specific disease site,
such as cancerous tumors, with high
specificity in the body.
 Historically, used to treat Thyroid cancer,
Graves’ disease, hyperthyroidism, and
bone pain pallitation associated with
skeletal metastasis.

26. DIAGNOSING
Used to derive detailed
description of the morphology
and dynamic functioning of the
various internal organs of the
body.

29. data acquisition
data processing
image display and manipulation
data storage and
system control

30.  Studies of the brain and central nervous
system.
 Cardiac imaging.
 Skeletal imaging.
 The respiratory system.
 Liver/spleen imaging.
 The endocrine system