Mechatronics sensors1.1
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The document discusses sensors and their role in mechatronic systems. It defines sensors as devices that produce an output signal in response to a physical phenomenon in order to provide information for decision making. Transducers are defined as devices that convert a signal from one physical form to another. The document outlines several factors to consider when selecting a sensor and discusses key parameters for evaluating sensor quality such as sensitivity, resolution, accuracy, and precision. It also categorizes different types of sensors.
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This document discusses various types of sensors used in mechatronics including limit switches, vision sensors, fiber optic sensors, scanning laser sensors, ultrasonic sensors, touch and slip sensors, proximity rod tactile sensors, photodetector tactile sensors, conductive elastomer tactile sensors, pneumatic switch sensors, polymer tactile sensors, ultrasonic hybrid tactile sensors, VLSI-conductive elastomer tactile sensors, optical tactile sensors, and passive seam tracking sensors. References for further reading on the topic are also provided.
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This document discusses various types of sensors used in mechatronics systems for measuring velocity, acceleration, position, and proximity. It describes tachometers, Hall effect sensors, accelerometers, linear variable differential transformers (LVDT), optical encoders, and Moire fringe transducers. These sensors convert physical quantities like motion, speed, position into electrical signals for processing.
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Proximity sensors can detect objects without physical contact by emitting electromagnetic fields or beams and detecting changes in the fields. They have no moving parts so they are reliable with long lifespans. Proximity sensors are used to detect vibrations in machines and as touch switches. The main types are capacitive, inductive, radar, sonar, magnetic, photocell, and infrared proximity sensors. Capacitive sensors detect changes in capacitance from objects. Inductive sensors induce eddy currents in metals using magnetic fields. Radar and sonar use radio waves and ultrasound. Magnetic sensors detect disturbances in magnetic fields. Photocell and infrared sensors use light. Proximity sensors are used for applications like presence detection, object counting, and
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1) Sensors are devices that detect physical quantities and convert them into signals that can be measured. They are needed for industrial monitoring, safety, and automation.
2) Common sensors include position, proximity, range, touch, and force sensors. Position sensors like LVDT and RVDT convert linear or angular displacement into electrical signals.
3) Sensors have characteristics like range, sensitivity, accuracy, and response time that determine their effectiveness. Understanding sensor types and properties is important for robotics applications.
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This document discusses the use of sensors in robotics. It begins by introducing how sensors give robots human-like sensing abilities like vision, touch, hearing, and movement. It then describes several key sensors used in robotics - vision sensors that allow robots to see their environment, touch sensors that allow robots to feel contact and interpret emotions, and hearing sensors that allow robots to perceive speech. The document also lists and describes other common sensors like proximity, range, tactile, light, sound, temperature, contact, voltage, and current sensors and their applications in robotics.
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This document discusses various types of sensors used in mechatronics including limit switches, vision sensors, fiber optic sensors, scanning laser sensors, ultrasonic sensors, touch and slip sensors, proximity rod tactile sensors, photodetector tactile sensors, conductive elastomer tactile sensors, pneumatic switch sensors, polymer tactile sensors, ultrasonic hybrid tactile sensors, VLSI-conductive elastomer tactile sensors, optical tactile sensors, and passive seam tracking sensors. References for further reading on the topic are also provided.
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This document discusses various types of sensors used in mechatronics systems for measuring velocity, acceleration, position, and proximity. It describes tachometers, Hall effect sensors, accelerometers, linear variable differential transformers (LVDT), optical encoders, and Moire fringe transducers. These sensors convert physical quantities like motion, speed, position into electrical signals for processing.
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3) Sensors have characteristics like range, sensitivity, accuracy, and response time that determine their effectiveness. Understanding sensor types and properties is important for robotics applications.
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This document discusses the use of sensors in robotics. It begins by introducing how sensors give robots human-like sensing abilities like vision, touch, hearing, and movement. It then describes several key sensors used in robotics - vision sensors that allow robots to see their environment, touch sensors that allow robots to feel contact and interpret emotions, and hearing sensors that allow robots to perceive speech. The document also lists and describes other common sensors like proximity, range, tactile, light, sound, temperature, contact, voltage, and current sensors and their applications in robotics.
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advantages that the sensor is nonbreakable and that the sensor can be easily mounted on curved surfaces or deformable parts such as joints. This paper proposes a novel tactile sensor made of flexible and stretchable silicone rubber.
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In humanoid robots, flexibility of the sensor is an important
feature for preventing physical damage and for interacting
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advantages that the sensor is nonbreakable and that the sensor can be easily mounted on curved surfaces or deformable parts such as joints. This paper proposes a novel tactile sensor made of flexible and stretchable silicone rubber.
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This paper reports the principle and characteristics of the
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of Classical Mech. Inertial and non inertial reference system: centrifugal,
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Mechatronics sensors1.1
- 1. MechatronicsReferences : 1. Robotic Engineering – An Integrated Approach Richard D. Klafter, Thomas A. Chmielewski, Michael Negin 2. NPTEL, Mechanical Engineering, Robotics - Prof. P. Sheshu, Prof. Kurien Issac, Prof. C. Amarnath, Prof. Bhartendu Seth, Asst. Prof. P.S.Gandhi, IIT, Bombay 3. Introduction to Robotics – S. K. Saha, Tata McGraw Hill 4. Mechatronics System Design – Devdas Shetty, Richard A. Kolk, Cengage Learning. 1
- 2. Sensors • Provide different types of information about a system • To convert a physical phenomenon or physical parameter in the process to acceptable form – usually electrical form of signal for decision making. Mechatronics System Design – Devdas Shetty, Richard A. Kolk, Cengage Learning.
- 3. • Sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing a physical phenomenon. • Transducer is a device that converts a signal from physical form to a corresponding signal having different physical form Mechatronics System Design – Devdas Shetty, Richard A. Kolk, Cengage Learning.
- 4. Selection of a sensor • Variables to be measured • Precision and Accuracy required • Dynamic Range • Level of Automation • Complexity of control system • Cost, size, ease of maintenance Mechatronics System Design – Devdas Shetty, Richard A. Kolk, Cengage Learning.
- 5. • Maximum accuracy of the total system depends on the – sensitivity of individual sensors and – the internal noise generated by the sensors
- 6. • Elements of a Mechatronics Measurement System • General Instrumentation System • Sensor Classification – Analogue, Digital – Active Passive – Deflection, Null – Quantity being measured – Physical principle used
- 7. • Elements of Instrumentation System Measurand sensing module conversion module variable manipulator Data transmission Data display observer.
- 8. Quality Parameters • Sensitivity • Resolution • Accuracy • Precision • Backlash • Repeatability • Reproducibility • Linearity
- 9. Why Sensors? • These are the eyes, ears, skin of the mechatronic system, which help the system understand its surroundings. • A mechatronic system needs the sensors to know that • Presence of the object to be processed, • Handling the object, processing it, • Detect obstacle in its path, and to avoid collision. • To sense the velocity, acceleration, position, trajectory etc of its mechanical movements/mechanism. • Sensing all these and providing a feedback to the computer so as to enable the computer to take a decision based on these ‘sensed parameters’ and therefore take appropriate action.
- 10. Why Sensors ? Internal state sensors • Used to measure position, velocity and acceleration of machine joints / end effector. • Examples: – Potentiometers – Synchros – Resolvers – Linear inductive scales – LVDT / RVDT – Optical interrupters – Optical encoders – Tachometers – Accelerometers External state sensors • Used to monitor the mechanism’s geometric and/or dynamic relation to its task, environment or objects being handled. • Can be visual or non-visual • Non-visual sensors : – Strain gauges – Pressure transducers – Proximity sensors – Ultrasonic sensors – Electromagnetic sensors – Elastomeric materials
- 11. Types of sensors • Resistance/ Potentiometric • Capacitive • Inductive
- 12. Position Sensing - potentiometers Angular position of revolute joint can be measured. Vout = (r/R)Vs
- 13. Sensors • Touch • Taction or Complex Touch • Simple Force • Complex Force • Proximity • Simple Vision • Complex Vision