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Gender Equalityand Women Empowerment Anjali Agarwal | Kshitij Jain | Tushar Walwadikar
Salient Features Women Empowerment Important Issue in NFHS-3 2006-07 Millennium Development Goal 4 Four specific indicators ,[object Object]
Ratio of literate women to men 15-24 years old
Share of women in wage employment in the   non-agricultural   sector
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015  “It is a process through which women gain power over men or as a process that enables women to gain access to decision-making processes and instances of power”   		- Oxaal & Baden - 1997 ,[object Object]
Strategic Theme of NPP 2000
MDG 3 & 4,[object Object]
Gender Disparity in Literacy
Gender Disparity - Media Exposure Not only are fewer women than men literate but fewer are also regularly exposed to media  Media exposure leads increases awareness and generates curiosity Percentage of men and women age 15-19 regularly exposed to print media, TV, radio, or cinema Men 			88% Women 			71%  Gender Disparity		19%
Employment Among the population age  15-49  Men are 2 times as likely to be employed  Men are 2.7 times as likely to be employed for cash Among the employed,  64% of women vs. 91% of men earn cash Female share of population employed for cash in non-agricultural occupations is 22%
Occupation Disparity 59% women are occupied in agriculture as opposed to 33% men
Financial Empowerment NFHS-3 asked married employed women and men who controlled their own earnings and who controlled the spouse’s earnings  Does employment empower women financially? 20% of employed married women said they earned at least as much as their husband 24% of men with an employed wife said that their wife earned at least as much as them
Control over Women’s  Earnings Women’s report about their own earnings Men’s report about their wife’s earnings Mainly husband Husband & wife jointly Mainly wife
Reluctance to Participate in Spending
Access to any other financial resources
Household Decision Making 63% of the women are not empowered to run their own households.
Other hurdles to Gender Equality Limited Freedom of Movement Gender norms that promote men’s control over women Survey results The majority of women have little freedom of movement. Only one-third go alone to all three destinations: the market, health facility and outside the village or community. ,[object Object]
A husband’s right to have sex with his wife irrespective of his wife’s wishes,[object Object]
Measure for Women Empowerment Stopping Female Foeticide– Rampant in Metros Stop by penalizing the Medical clinics and Couples  - 	Under Indian Penal code equivalent to Murder Regulatory bodies to ensure private and government clinics adhere to the rules and restrictions
Improving Female Literacy Increase Literacy among women  Will increase the awareness towards their benefits & rights Increase Literacy through special campaign for promoting Girl child and women education A scheme in Uttar Pradesh gives a prize amount to parents for every girl who complete higher secondary education
Effective Political Participation Effective political participation –  increasing political awareness and participation in active politics Constitutional amendments to ensure participation in municipalities and panchayats Political parties should promote women
Self Help Groups & Microfinance Self Help Groups  - A vital organ Banks and NGO can give also loans at very nominal interest rate It will empower women at macro level Microfinance and Microcredit's will lead to a healthier, happier and prosperous India Promoting about 20-25 women to form Self Help Group and start a business.
Free Industrial & Vocational Training Free Industrial and Vocational Training to make women employable. Exclusive ITIs for women. Short term training sessions should be organized by the government to develop work related skills.
Dilution of strict pro-women laws The Logic is more the tougher law is ,more difficult to implement, lesser the conviction rate Highly impracticable law of women harassment in workforce areas which may deter the companies to employ women in order to avoid lawsuits Therefore the dilution is necessary in order to avoid  misuse

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FINAL PRESENTATION.pptx12143241324134134FINAL PRESENTATION.pptx12143241324134134
FINAL PRESENTATION.pptx12143241324134134
 

Measure For Women Empowerment

  • 1. Gender Equalityand Women Empowerment Anjali Agarwal | Kshitij Jain | Tushar Walwadikar
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  • 3. Ratio of literate women to men 15-24 years old
  • 4. Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
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  • 9. Gender Disparity - Media Exposure Not only are fewer women than men literate but fewer are also regularly exposed to media Media exposure leads increases awareness and generates curiosity Percentage of men and women age 15-19 regularly exposed to print media, TV, radio, or cinema Men 88% Women 71% Gender Disparity 19%
  • 10. Employment Among the population age 15-49 Men are 2 times as likely to be employed Men are 2.7 times as likely to be employed for cash Among the employed, 64% of women vs. 91% of men earn cash Female share of population employed for cash in non-agricultural occupations is 22%
  • 11. Occupation Disparity 59% women are occupied in agriculture as opposed to 33% men
  • 12. Financial Empowerment NFHS-3 asked married employed women and men who controlled their own earnings and who controlled the spouse’s earnings Does employment empower women financially? 20% of employed married women said they earned at least as much as their husband 24% of men with an employed wife said that their wife earned at least as much as them
  • 13. Control over Women’s Earnings Women’s report about their own earnings Men’s report about their wife’s earnings Mainly husband Husband & wife jointly Mainly wife
  • 15. Access to any other financial resources
  • 16. Household Decision Making 63% of the women are not empowered to run their own households.
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  • 19. Measure for Women Empowerment Stopping Female Foeticide– Rampant in Metros Stop by penalizing the Medical clinics and Couples - Under Indian Penal code equivalent to Murder Regulatory bodies to ensure private and government clinics adhere to the rules and restrictions
  • 20. Improving Female Literacy Increase Literacy among women Will increase the awareness towards their benefits & rights Increase Literacy through special campaign for promoting Girl child and women education A scheme in Uttar Pradesh gives a prize amount to parents for every girl who complete higher secondary education
  • 21. Effective Political Participation Effective political participation – increasing political awareness and participation in active politics Constitutional amendments to ensure participation in municipalities and panchayats Political parties should promote women
  • 22. Self Help Groups & Microfinance Self Help Groups - A vital organ Banks and NGO can give also loans at very nominal interest rate It will empower women at macro level Microfinance and Microcredit's will lead to a healthier, happier and prosperous India Promoting about 20-25 women to form Self Help Group and start a business.
  • 23. Free Industrial & Vocational Training Free Industrial and Vocational Training to make women employable. Exclusive ITIs for women. Short term training sessions should be organized by the government to develop work related skills.
  • 24. Dilution of strict pro-women laws The Logic is more the tougher law is ,more difficult to implement, lesser the conviction rate Highly impracticable law of women harassment in workforce areas which may deter the companies to employ women in order to avoid lawsuits Therefore the dilution is necessary in order to avoid misuse
  • 25. Tax Benefits As Government is already giving tax benefits to women employees. Government should give tax benefits to service sector which employ large amount of women employees Sector Specific Tax benefits
  • 26. Regulation of film and fashion industry Regulation of film and fashion industry which are promoting women as products Cosmetic and beauty industry to be kept under check Consumerism– Detrimental to women at times
  • 27. Decriminalizing Prostitution and stopping sexual abuse Curb exploitation of sex workers by police & media Incorporate living rights and subsistence for sex workers and legalize the business to ensure non-exploitation
  • 28. Additional Role of Government Government should formulate the policy which should motivate women entrepreneurs, women self help groups, women bureaucrats Increase the number of women officers in armed forces and in police. It will help in breaking the social taboo.
  • 29. Finally… Change the attitude that men are superior to women Respect women as you would respect your parents Compete with women, don’t exploit!