The status and roles of women in Egypt

2. Topic:
Literacy of
Adults in Egypt
from 1980 to
Present

3. Statement:
What are the
Effects of the
Educational
Programs to
Women in Egypt?

4. Introduction:
Egypt

5. Brief Information:
 Location:
the northeast corner of the continent of
Africa
 Size:
approximately 997,740 sq. km
 Capital:
Cairo
 Official language (today):
Arabic
 Official language (ancient):
combination Semitic and Hamitic

6. Brief Information:
 Major River:
The Nile divides Egypt in half
 Deserts:
Libyan, Nubian, and Eastern. They were
barriers of protection, shielding the people
against invasion by surrounding civilizations
 Topography:
The highest lands are in the south and the
land slopes gently toward the Mediterranean
Sea. There are some mountains located on the
southern Sinai peninsula. Some of these reach
over 2600 meters (8530 feet high). The land at
the Mediterranean is at sea level.

7. Brief Information:
 Climate:
very dry; there is almost no rainfall on
a regular basis. The people depend on
the annual summer floods of the Nile
River for water. The floods begin in
June and end in October. Without the
Nile, there would likely be no Egypt.

8. Brief Information:

9. Educational Status:
 Egypt has the largest overall
education system in the Middle
East and North Africa (MENA)
and it has grown rapidly since
the early 1990s.
 The government is responsible
for offering free education at
all levels.

10. Educational Status:
 One in every four Egyptians is
illiterate.
 President Hosni Mubarak declared
that the development and innovation
of education is the National Project of
Egypt,
 President Mubarak also declared that
literacy, for the rest of illiterates, is
an urgent and essential objective for
realizing development and
increasing production.

11. Educational Status:
1980’s
 The tremendous efforts of the
Revolution since the fifties to meet the
illiteracy problems are evident.
 Between 1976 and 1986, a decline by
6.2 percentage points has occurred in
the percent illiterate among the total
population of Egypt.

12. Educational Status:
 The number of illiterates had more
than doubled from six to thirteen
million during the period 1907-1976,
and by 1986 this number exceeded
two and half times the number of
1907 (sixteen million).
 • In 1986, the literacy gender gap
narrowed to 26.7 percentage points.

13. Educational Status:

14. Educational Status:

15. Educational Status:

16. Educational Status:

17. Educational Status:
1990s
 Law #8 issued in 1991 for Literacy
and Adult Education with the aim of
mobilizing efforts for the
organization of the comprehensive
national campaign. The law
stipulated the establishment of the
General Organization of Literacy
and Adult Education in 1992.
 • National Plan of Literacy and
Adult for the decade (1992-2001)

18. Educational Status:
1990s

19. Educational Status:
1990s

20. Educational Status:
1990s
 Illiteracy rates were reduced from
49.4% in 1986 to 38.6% in 1996, i.e a
reduction of 10.8% points.
 • Numbers of female illiterates
reached 10.3 million according to
1996 statistics, numbering 6.9 million
in the rural areas (67.1%) and 3.5
million in the urban areas (32.9%).

21. Educational Status:
1990s
 According to the 1998/99 statistics,
the proportion of female enrolment
has increased to 72% of the total
number of enrolment in literacy
classes. This should imply an
improvement in literacy gender
parity index.

22. Educational Status:
1990s
 • The illiteracy rate further declined
to 34.2% according to the 1999
assessment.
 • Adult literacy rate estimated at
66% in 1999, as compared to 53% in
1990.

23. Educational Status:
2000’s

24. Educational Status:
2000’s

25. Educational Status:
2000’s

26. Educational Status:
2000’s

27. Educational Status:
2000’s

28. Educational Organizations
and Programs
AUEED
(Association of Upper
Egypt for Education
and Development)
1940

29. AUEED
 leads education and development
initiatives in four main zones of
Upper Egypt: Menya, Assiut, Sohag
and Luxor.
 constructed a center for
empowering women in Akhmim,
this center provided basic
education and offered vocational
training for women

30. Educational Organizations
and Programs
USAID
(United States Aid)

31. USAID
 Support for basic education focuses
on schools in underprivileged urban
areas
 Egypt’s Ministry of Education’s efforts
to decentralize the education system
in order to strengthen local
institutional capacity, increase
involvement of the community,
enhance accountability, and
increase performance standards.

32. USAID: Programs
ERP
(Education Reform
Program)
ERP was a six-year program funded
by USAID that aimed to increase
access to and quality of formal and
non-formal education, particularly
for girls, in seven governorates
(regions) throughout Egypt.

33. USAID: Programs
Egypt Environmental
Education and Outreach
Program (E3OP) (2006-
2008)
introduced environmental education in
schools in ways that actively engaged
students in their neighborhoods and
local environments and established an
accessible base of environmental
education materials for teachers to use
in the classroom.

34. Educational Organizations
and Programs
UNESCO
(United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
Organization)

35. UNESCO
Its purpose is to contribute peace
and security by promoting
international collaboration
through education, science and
culture in order to further
universal respect for justice, the
rule of law, and human rights
along with fundamental freedom
proclaimed in the UN Charter.

36. UNESCO: programs
 It helped revitalize an education
reform movement that started well
before 1990 in several developing
countries.

37. Educational Policies

38. Effects of Educational
Programs in women

39. Social Aspect
Since more and more women are
now educated and literate,
they are already able to express
themselves without any
hesitation.

40. Political Aspect
-
The number of women in
prominent positions in
Egyptian politics remains tiny,
as it was under the ousted
secular president, Hosni
Mubarak.

41. Economical Aspect
The Egyptian Businesswomen’s
Partnership Program is an
international project designed
to enhance cooperation
between businesswomen and
businesswomen’s associations
in Egypt

42. Projections

43. END 