This document provides an overview of common diseases and disorders of the urinary system, including:
- Cystitis and urethritis, which are common UTIs caused by bacteria that can lead to painful urination and urinary frequency. Treatment involves antibiotics and increased fluid intake.
- Pyelonephritis, an inflammation of the kidneys and renal pelvis due to infection that can damage kidney function if left untreated.
- Renal calculi (kidney stones), mineral deposits that form in the kidneys causing pain and potentially blocking urine flow. Treatment focuses on prevention through fluid intake and sometimes surgical intervention.
- Polycystic kidney disease, a genetic disorder where fluid-filled cysts develop in
The nephrological assessment is very important nursing procedure help to rule out the provisional diagnosis of patient and their general condition. it also help in certain type of investigation and treatment of patient.
This document discusses various disorders of micturition including lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, and other related conditions. It covers the anatomy, innervation, blood supply, and various disorders such as urinary incontinence, UTIs, pelvic organ prolapse, and fistulae. Specific conditions discussed in more detail include stress incontinence, urge incontinence, acute and recurrent cystitis, acute and chronic pyelonephritis, and urethritis. The causes, risk factors, presentations, investigations, and management of each condition are summarized.
Nephritis is inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys that can affect kidney function. There are many types of nephritis with different causes that can be either sudden or develop chronically. Symptoms include blood, protein, or cells in the urine, swelling, and high blood pressure. Nephritis is often diagnosed during routine health checks rather than from symptoms due to non-specific presentations. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, diuretics, blood pressure medications, and dietary changes.
The document discusses nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) and pyelonephritis (kidney infection). It covers the types, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of both conditions. Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stones. Risk factors for stone formation include dietary factors like calcium intake as well as urinary abnormalities. Pyelonephritis is commonly caused by gram-negative bacteria ascending from the bladder. It can cause kidney swelling and damage if left untreated.
The document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs), including:
- Causes of UTIs are usually bacteria like E. coli entering the urethra and multiplying in the bladder or kidneys.
- Symptoms include frequent urination, painful burning during urination, and sometimes fever with kidney infections.
- Treatment involves antibiotics chosen based on urine tests identifying the bacteria and sensitivity tests to select the most effective drug.
The document discusses several common kidney diseases including polycystic kidney disease, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, glomerulonephritis/glomerulosclerosis, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, diabetic kidney disease, and analgesic nephropathy. For each disease, it describes the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment options. It concludes by noting important things to monitor for patients in the wards such as vital signs, dialysis schedule, electrolyte levels, and blood counts.
Urolithiasis is a common disease that is estimated to
produce medical costs of $2.1 billion per year in the United States alone.
Renal colic affects approximately 1.2 million people
each year in USA and accounts for approximately 1% of
all hospital admissions.
Most active emergency departments (EDs) manage
patients with acute renal colic every day.
CHOLELITHIASIS, NEPHROLITHIASIS SECONDARY HYPERTENSION, DM TYPE 2, HYDRONEPH...Jack Frost
CHOLELITHIASIS, NEPHROLITHIASIS
SECONDARY HYPERTENSION, DM TYPE 2, HYDRONEPHROSIS
This presentation contains real names of persons involve of this particular study. This names should not be copied or rewritten. Used the data of this study as basis only. All rights reserved 2009.
The nephrological assessment is very important nursing procedure help to rule out the provisional diagnosis of patient and their general condition. it also help in certain type of investigation and treatment of patient.
This document discusses various disorders of micturition including lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, and other related conditions. It covers the anatomy, innervation, blood supply, and various disorders such as urinary incontinence, UTIs, pelvic organ prolapse, and fistulae. Specific conditions discussed in more detail include stress incontinence, urge incontinence, acute and recurrent cystitis, acute and chronic pyelonephritis, and urethritis. The causes, risk factors, presentations, investigations, and management of each condition are summarized.
Nephritis is inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys that can affect kidney function. There are many types of nephritis with different causes that can be either sudden or develop chronically. Symptoms include blood, protein, or cells in the urine, swelling, and high blood pressure. Nephritis is often diagnosed during routine health checks rather than from symptoms due to non-specific presentations. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, diuretics, blood pressure medications, and dietary changes.
The document discusses nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) and pyelonephritis (kidney infection). It covers the types, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of both conditions. Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stones. Risk factors for stone formation include dietary factors like calcium intake as well as urinary abnormalities. Pyelonephritis is commonly caused by gram-negative bacteria ascending from the bladder. It can cause kidney swelling and damage if left untreated.
The document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs), including:
- Causes of UTIs are usually bacteria like E. coli entering the urethra and multiplying in the bladder or kidneys.
- Symptoms include frequent urination, painful burning during urination, and sometimes fever with kidney infections.
- Treatment involves antibiotics chosen based on urine tests identifying the bacteria and sensitivity tests to select the most effective drug.
The document discusses several common kidney diseases including polycystic kidney disease, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, glomerulonephritis/glomerulosclerosis, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, diabetic kidney disease, and analgesic nephropathy. For each disease, it describes the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment options. It concludes by noting important things to monitor for patients in the wards such as vital signs, dialysis schedule, electrolyte levels, and blood counts.
Urolithiasis is a common disease that is estimated to
produce medical costs of $2.1 billion per year in the United States alone.
Renal colic affects approximately 1.2 million people
each year in USA and accounts for approximately 1% of
all hospital admissions.
Most active emergency departments (EDs) manage
patients with acute renal colic every day.
CHOLELITHIASIS, NEPHROLITHIASIS SECONDARY HYPERTENSION, DM TYPE 2, HYDRONEPH...Jack Frost
CHOLELITHIASIS, NEPHROLITHIASIS
SECONDARY HYPERTENSION, DM TYPE 2, HYDRONEPHROSIS
This presentation contains real names of persons involve of this particular study. This names should not be copied or rewritten. Used the data of this study as basis only. All rights reserved 2009.
This document discusses urolithiasis (kidney stones). It begins by defining urolithiasis and noting its prevalence and cost. It then covers the epidemiology, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of kidney stones. The main points are that kidney stones can form anywhere in the urinary tract, have a lifetime risk of 2-20% depending on location, and are most commonly treated through active medical expulsion or minimally invasive surgeries like ESWL or ureteroscopy. Surgical intervention is indicated for large or obstructing stones, infection, or if conservative measures fail.
This document discusses medications used to treat disorders of the urinary system. It begins by listing learning objectives related to electrolytes, antiinfectives for urinary tract infections, analgesics and antispasmodics for urinary tract conditions, and medications for enuresis and overactive bladder. It then covers diuretics, antimicrobials, antiseptics, antispasmodics and other medications. It discusses patient education points regarding medications for conditions like urinary tract infections, electrolyte imbalances, and enuresis. It also lists side effects and considers treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections.
Pyelonephritis is an infection and inflammation of the kidneys that is usually caused by bacteria ascending from the lower urinary tract. It is more common in females than males, especially between ages 15-35. Common symptoms include flank pain, fever, nausea, and urinary symptoms like dysuria and hematuria. Diagnosis involves urinalysis showing white blood cells and a urine culture. Treatment focuses on antibiotics and prevention emphasizes frequent urination and hydration to maintain bladder health.
This document provides information on acute and chronic renal failure, including causes, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, complications, nursing diagnoses, and nursing care. Acute renal failure can be pre-renal, intra-renal, or post-renal and is caused by decreased blood flow or obstruction. Chronic renal failure is a progressive loss of kidney function over time due to various injuries and diseases. Common complications include fluid imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, nutritional deficits, and increased risk of infection or cardiovascular issues. Nursing focuses on monitoring fluid status, diet, nutrition, and treating related symptoms and complications.
Management of kidney stones and JIN product informationA-VPD
Kidney stones can be fatal and may cause blood infection and damage to your kidney. In this presentation we will introduce different kinds of kidney stone management to treat and protect your kidney. Including natural remedy to keep kidney stones from forming and prevent reoccurence.
Also we proudly would like to introduce you made in japan halal certified health supplements for kidney care "JIN".
121 Week 5 Chapter 8 Urinary System RecentSandy Thunell
The document discusses diseases and disorders of the urinary system. It begins by describing the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, including the kidneys' roles in excretion, water balance, and blood regulation. Common symptoms of urinary diseases are then outlined. The document goes on to describe specific diseases like cystitis, tumors of the bladder, polycystic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, end stage renal disease, and renal calculi or kidney stones. Diagnostic tests and treatments are provided for each condition.
A 44-year-old male presented with hematuria, polyuria, and polydipsia for 8 days. He has a history of hypertension. Evaluation showed nephrocalcinosis, which is a condition where calcium levels in the kidneys are increased. This can be caused by hypercalcemia and leads to impaired kidney function and calcium deposits that can rupture and cause stones. Workup includes labs to check calcium levels and imaging like CT or x-ray to identify calcium deposits. Management focuses on hydration and treating the underlying cause to reverse hypercalcemia and protect kidney function.
This document discusses diseases of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. It covers common urinary tract infections like cystitis and pyelonephritis. Other conditions mentioned include kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis and cancers of the kidney and bladder. Diagnostic tests and treatments are provided for each disease. Risk factors, symptoms and management strategies are described for various urinary system disorders.
The document discusses various diseases and disorders of the urinary system. It describes urinary tract infections as being commonly caused by E. coli and symptoms including frequent, painful urination. It also discusses kidney diseases like acute glomerulonephritis which is caused by bacterial or viral infections and can lead to decreased urine output. Finally, it summarizes end-stage renal disease as when the kidneys can no longer remove waste from the blood, requiring dialysis or transplant.
Pyelonephritis
It is the inflammation of the kidney & upper urinary tract that usually results from the bacterial infection of the bladder.
Pyelonephritis can be classified in several different catagories:
-acute pyelonephritis
-chronic pyelonephritis
-xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
This document provides an overview of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) and neoplasms (tumors) of the urologic system. It discusses the presentation, evaluation, and treatment options for renal calculi, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, testicular cancer, and prostate cancer. The key topics covered include the risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic studies such as urine analysis, CT scans, and cystoscopy, as well as treatment approaches including shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
1. Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney that is usually associated with a urinary tract infection. It is characterized microscopically by patchy inflammation, neutrophils in the tubules, and tubular necrosis.
2. Complications of acute pyelonephritis include papillary necrosis, pyonephrosis, and perinephric abscess. Hydronephrosis is dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to urinary outflow obstruction.
3. Hydronephrosis is caused by various congenital and acquired conditions and can lead to impaired kidney function, fibrosis, and end-stage renal atrophy if long-standing and complete
This document summarizes structures and functions of the renal system. It discusses normal kidney anatomy and physiology, as well as renal disorders like acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, nephrosclerosis, renal failure, and treatment methods including dialysis and transplantation.
Renal inflammatory diseases of the kidney Part 2 discusses various inflammatory conditions that affect the kidneys including xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis, fungal infections, post-radiation injury, and renal malakoplakia. Imaging findings for each condition are provided with CT, ultrasound, and radiograph examples. The document describes the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and characteristic imaging appearance for each disease to aid radiologists in diagnosis.
End-stage renal disease is a condition in which the kidneys no longer function normally and required excellent medical and nursing care for the managing this condition.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare chronic kidney infection characterized by a granulomatous reaction. It typically occurs in middle-aged females with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections and is often associated with kidney stones or obstruction. On pathology, lipid-laden macrophages are seen destroying renal tissue in either a diffuse or focal pattern. Clinically, patients experience fever, flank pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis is made through CT scan or ultrasound showing a heterogeneous kidney mass with destruction of renal parenchyma. Treatment involves nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy along with long-term antibiotics. Prognosis is generally good with rare deaths.
This document summarizes several urinary system disorders including incontinence, hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, polycystic kidney disease, urgency, and Wilm's tumor. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control that can be caused by UTIs, nerve damage, or prostate cancer. Hydronephrosis is kidney swelling from urine backup that may result from kidney stones. Nephrolithiasis is the formation of kidney stones causing abdominal pain and blood in urine. Polycystic kidney disease involves cyst clusters developing in the kidneys. Urgency is a frequent, excessive need to urinate caused by conditions like UTIs or enlarged prostate. Wilm's tumor is a rare kidney
The document discusses various conditions that can be imaged when evaluating the urinary tract, including acute and chronic infections, abscesses, tuberculosis, trauma, papillary necrosis, and reflux nephropathy. Imaging tests like ultrasound, IVU, CT, DMSA scan, and cystography are used to detect abnormalities in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder that could indicate these conditions. CT is particularly useful for evaluating renal trauma and abscesses.
Clickworker is a website that hires people around the world to complete small tasks like surveys, address verification, and business site information checks. These tasks typically take 40 seconds to 1 minute to complete. Clickworker pays workers either through PayPal on a weekly basis or through bank deposit to a SEPA account on the 7th-8th of each month. To start working on Clickworker, applicants must qualify for the base assessments and any project-specific tests before completing tasks.
La palta es un fruto muy nutritivo y popular que se exporta principalmente a Estados Unidos. Las exportaciones peruanas de palta crecieron un promedio anual del 20.4% entre 2007 y 2013, generando más de 120 millones de dólares. Aunque Perú lidera algunos mercados de exportación de palta, también enfrenta desafíos como parámetros legales variables en otros países, estacionalidad de la cosecha y acceso limitado a tecnología. Para aprovechar mejor las oportunidades de exportación, se recomienda usar los tratados de
This document discusses urolithiasis (kidney stones). It begins by defining urolithiasis and noting its prevalence and cost. It then covers the epidemiology, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of kidney stones. The main points are that kidney stones can form anywhere in the urinary tract, have a lifetime risk of 2-20% depending on location, and are most commonly treated through active medical expulsion or minimally invasive surgeries like ESWL or ureteroscopy. Surgical intervention is indicated for large or obstructing stones, infection, or if conservative measures fail.
This document discusses medications used to treat disorders of the urinary system. It begins by listing learning objectives related to electrolytes, antiinfectives for urinary tract infections, analgesics and antispasmodics for urinary tract conditions, and medications for enuresis and overactive bladder. It then covers diuretics, antimicrobials, antiseptics, antispasmodics and other medications. It discusses patient education points regarding medications for conditions like urinary tract infections, electrolyte imbalances, and enuresis. It also lists side effects and considers treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections.
Pyelonephritis is an infection and inflammation of the kidneys that is usually caused by bacteria ascending from the lower urinary tract. It is more common in females than males, especially between ages 15-35. Common symptoms include flank pain, fever, nausea, and urinary symptoms like dysuria and hematuria. Diagnosis involves urinalysis showing white blood cells and a urine culture. Treatment focuses on antibiotics and prevention emphasizes frequent urination and hydration to maintain bladder health.
This document provides information on acute and chronic renal failure, including causes, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, complications, nursing diagnoses, and nursing care. Acute renal failure can be pre-renal, intra-renal, or post-renal and is caused by decreased blood flow or obstruction. Chronic renal failure is a progressive loss of kidney function over time due to various injuries and diseases. Common complications include fluid imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, nutritional deficits, and increased risk of infection or cardiovascular issues. Nursing focuses on monitoring fluid status, diet, nutrition, and treating related symptoms and complications.
Management of kidney stones and JIN product informationA-VPD
Kidney stones can be fatal and may cause blood infection and damage to your kidney. In this presentation we will introduce different kinds of kidney stone management to treat and protect your kidney. Including natural remedy to keep kidney stones from forming and prevent reoccurence.
Also we proudly would like to introduce you made in japan halal certified health supplements for kidney care "JIN".
121 Week 5 Chapter 8 Urinary System RecentSandy Thunell
The document discusses diseases and disorders of the urinary system. It begins by describing the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, including the kidneys' roles in excretion, water balance, and blood regulation. Common symptoms of urinary diseases are then outlined. The document goes on to describe specific diseases like cystitis, tumors of the bladder, polycystic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, end stage renal disease, and renal calculi or kidney stones. Diagnostic tests and treatments are provided for each condition.
A 44-year-old male presented with hematuria, polyuria, and polydipsia for 8 days. He has a history of hypertension. Evaluation showed nephrocalcinosis, which is a condition where calcium levels in the kidneys are increased. This can be caused by hypercalcemia and leads to impaired kidney function and calcium deposits that can rupture and cause stones. Workup includes labs to check calcium levels and imaging like CT or x-ray to identify calcium deposits. Management focuses on hydration and treating the underlying cause to reverse hypercalcemia and protect kidney function.
This document discusses diseases of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. It covers common urinary tract infections like cystitis and pyelonephritis. Other conditions mentioned include kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis and cancers of the kidney and bladder. Diagnostic tests and treatments are provided for each disease. Risk factors, symptoms and management strategies are described for various urinary system disorders.
The document discusses various diseases and disorders of the urinary system. It describes urinary tract infections as being commonly caused by E. coli and symptoms including frequent, painful urination. It also discusses kidney diseases like acute glomerulonephritis which is caused by bacterial or viral infections and can lead to decreased urine output. Finally, it summarizes end-stage renal disease as when the kidneys can no longer remove waste from the blood, requiring dialysis or transplant.
Pyelonephritis
It is the inflammation of the kidney & upper urinary tract that usually results from the bacterial infection of the bladder.
Pyelonephritis can be classified in several different catagories:
-acute pyelonephritis
-chronic pyelonephritis
-xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
This document provides an overview of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) and neoplasms (tumors) of the urologic system. It discusses the presentation, evaluation, and treatment options for renal calculi, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, testicular cancer, and prostate cancer. The key topics covered include the risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic studies such as urine analysis, CT scans, and cystoscopy, as well as treatment approaches including shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
1. Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney that is usually associated with a urinary tract infection. It is characterized microscopically by patchy inflammation, neutrophils in the tubules, and tubular necrosis.
2. Complications of acute pyelonephritis include papillary necrosis, pyonephrosis, and perinephric abscess. Hydronephrosis is dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to urinary outflow obstruction.
3. Hydronephrosis is caused by various congenital and acquired conditions and can lead to impaired kidney function, fibrosis, and end-stage renal atrophy if long-standing and complete
This document summarizes structures and functions of the renal system. It discusses normal kidney anatomy and physiology, as well as renal disorders like acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, nephrosclerosis, renal failure, and treatment methods including dialysis and transplantation.
Renal inflammatory diseases of the kidney Part 2 discusses various inflammatory conditions that affect the kidneys including xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis, fungal infections, post-radiation injury, and renal malakoplakia. Imaging findings for each condition are provided with CT, ultrasound, and radiograph examples. The document describes the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and characteristic imaging appearance for each disease to aid radiologists in diagnosis.
End-stage renal disease is a condition in which the kidneys no longer function normally and required excellent medical and nursing care for the managing this condition.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare chronic kidney infection characterized by a granulomatous reaction. It typically occurs in middle-aged females with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections and is often associated with kidney stones or obstruction. On pathology, lipid-laden macrophages are seen destroying renal tissue in either a diffuse or focal pattern. Clinically, patients experience fever, flank pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis is made through CT scan or ultrasound showing a heterogeneous kidney mass with destruction of renal parenchyma. Treatment involves nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy along with long-term antibiotics. Prognosis is generally good with rare deaths.
This document summarizes several urinary system disorders including incontinence, hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, polycystic kidney disease, urgency, and Wilm's tumor. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control that can be caused by UTIs, nerve damage, or prostate cancer. Hydronephrosis is kidney swelling from urine backup that may result from kidney stones. Nephrolithiasis is the formation of kidney stones causing abdominal pain and blood in urine. Polycystic kidney disease involves cyst clusters developing in the kidneys. Urgency is a frequent, excessive need to urinate caused by conditions like UTIs or enlarged prostate. Wilm's tumor is a rare kidney
The document discusses various conditions that can be imaged when evaluating the urinary tract, including acute and chronic infections, abscesses, tuberculosis, trauma, papillary necrosis, and reflux nephropathy. Imaging tests like ultrasound, IVU, CT, DMSA scan, and cystography are used to detect abnormalities in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder that could indicate these conditions. CT is particularly useful for evaluating renal trauma and abscesses.
Clickworker is a website that hires people around the world to complete small tasks like surveys, address verification, and business site information checks. These tasks typically take 40 seconds to 1 minute to complete. Clickworker pays workers either through PayPal on a weekly basis or through bank deposit to a SEPA account on the 7th-8th of each month. To start working on Clickworker, applicants must qualify for the base assessments and any project-specific tests before completing tasks.
La palta es un fruto muy nutritivo y popular que se exporta principalmente a Estados Unidos. Las exportaciones peruanas de palta crecieron un promedio anual del 20.4% entre 2007 y 2013, generando más de 120 millones de dólares. Aunque Perú lidera algunos mercados de exportación de palta, también enfrenta desafíos como parámetros legales variables en otros países, estacionalidad de la cosecha y acceso limitado a tecnología. Para aprovechar mejor las oportunidades de exportación, se recomienda usar los tratados de
This document discusses the benefits of using a digital asset management (DAM) system called Elvis from the company WoodWing. It outlines challenges companies face with data growth, file finding and tracking, sharing, and distribution that a DAM solution addresses. Key features of Elvis highlighted are powerful search capabilities, flexible sharing tools, customizable brand portals, scalability, interoperability, usability, and storage options. Customer testimonials praise Elvis for efficiently managing, repurposing and monetizing content and ensuring embargo of press images. Contact information is provided for WoodWing and the Director of Sales.
La escucha activa es la acción de escuchar con empatía y sin distracciones para comprender plenamente el mensaje de la otra persona. Incluye técnicas como parafrasear, resumir y hacer preguntas para confirmar lo entendido. Proporciona beneficios como una mejor comunicación y aprendizaje de experiencias ajenas. Se debe evitar interrumpir, juzgar o centrarse en uno mismo en lugar de en el hablante.
Institute of Hospitality Malta Re Launch event IohMalta
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
- Brink's reported fourth quarter 2015 non-GAAP EPS of $0.55, down from $0.58 in fourth quarter 2014 due to negative currency impacts offsetting operating improvements. Full year 2015 non-GAAP EPS was $1.69, up from $1.01 in 2014.
- The company provided 2016 non-GAAP EPS guidance of $2.00-$2.20, representing continued strong operating profit growth despite unfavorable currency impacts.
- Key initiatives in the U.S. segment include de-layering operations, fleet modernization, and continuous process improvement to drive margin expansion from 2.1% in 2015 to a targeted 4-5% range in 2016.
Diverso General Trading presents a line of modular aluminum trucks called AluTruks. AluTruks are durable, lightweight, and customizable. They feature replaceable parts for long lifespan and come in various configurations for industries like food/drink, general goods, and water delivery. Accessories and spare parts are also available to maintain and upgrade AluTruks.
This document provides statistics about the city of Gilbert, Arizona. It shows that the total housing units increased from 69,322 in 2010 to 78,536 in 2015. Gilbert was ranked the 2nd safest city, 8th best for people with disabilities, and 14th best for families in the US. The total workforce was 91,860 as of June 2016. Gilbert has AAA and Aaa bond ratings and has increased its rainy day fund from $10.2 million in 2011 to $40.3 million in 2017 through bond refunding and early payoffs. Property tax rates have remained steady since 2009 while debt per capita has decreased. Utility and garbage collection rates have also remained stable or decreased in recent years. The average
This document discusses friction, which is the force that opposes the motion of objects in contact with each other. Friction is caused by the interlocking of irregular surfaces. The factors that affect friction are the nature of the surfaces and the force pressing them together. There are different types of friction, including static friction, sliding friction, and rolling friction. Friction has both advantages, like enabling walking and writing, and disadvantages, like inefficiency. Methods to increase and reduce friction are also discussed.
Nonmetals are elements in groups 14-16 of the periodic table that do not conduct electricity or heat well and are brittle solids or gases. Seventeen elements are classified as nonmetals, most of which are gases, with one liquid and a few brittle solids. Nonmetals have many important uses - hydrogen is used as a fuel and lifting gas, helium is used for scientific research, and nitrogen is used to make fertilizers. Other nonmetals like fluorine, bromine, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine are used for purposes like refrigerants, dyes, pesticides, matches, steel production, thyroid function, and antiseptics.
La dimensión afectiva en la formación del profesorado de ELEMaría Santos
Este documento presenta y reflexiona sobre la dimensión afectiva del profesorado de idiomas. Revisa documentos de referencia sobre las competencias del profesorado, incluyendo sus creencias, actitudes, valores y motivaciones. Analiza cómo estos aspectos afectivos influyen en la formación del profesorado y su opinión sobre la importancia de desarrollar estas dimensiones. Concluye que los rasgos de personalidad y la dimensión afectiva son fundamentales para ser un buen profesor, aunque también son difíciles de definir y sistematizar.
Descubrimiento y Colonización del Istmo de Panamá.I.P.S.J.D.A
En 3 oraciones:
El documento resume el descubrimiento y colonización del istmo de Panamá por los españoles a partir de 1501, cuando Rodrigo Galván de Bastidas lo descubrió. Cristóbal Colón exploró las costas panameñas en 1502. El istmo se convirtió en un centro importante para las expediciones comerciales y de conquista españolas debido a su ubicación, lo que llevó al establecimiento de ciudades como Panamá y Portobelo.
continuation on the urinary tract disorders. congenital and acquired disorders well covered. pyelonephritis also forms part of the text. thanks for reading. remeber to like and follow
This document discusses various urological disorders including urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, renal calculi, urologic trauma, urological cancers, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal transplantation. It provides information on the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic studies, medical and nursing management of each condition. Key points include that urinary tract infections are most commonly caused by E. coli, pyelonephritis involves inflammation of the kidneys that causes fever and flank pain, renal calculi form stones in the urinary tract causing pain, and nursing care focuses on symptom management, fluid balance, and monitoring for complications of related conditions and treatments.
Kidney diseases SSS and the ultra structure.pptxLeHaRe
This document discusses kidney disorders and diseases. It covers the functions of the kidneys, presenting features of renal disease, kidney failure/end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and its treatment options including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplant. Common kidney diseases like polycystic kidney disease, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and diabetic kidney disease are explained along with their symptoms and treatment. Laboratory tests for investigating kidney disorders are also mentioned.
Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by obstruction of urine flow from the kidney. It can be caused by issues in the ureter, bladder, or urethra that limit urine outflow. Unilateral hydronephrosis may cause dull flank pain while bilateral obstruction can lead to decreased urine output. Left untreated, hydronephrosis can damage kidney tissue and impair renal function. Diagnosis is made through imaging tests like intravenous pyelogram. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause of obstruction.
01-INVESTIGATIONS IN KDInvesting ckd bugando cuhasMkindi Mkindi
This document discusses investigations used in kidney disease. It begins with an introduction to kidney anatomy and physiology. Laboratory tests discussed include urine analysis, renal function tests measuring creatinine and GFR, electrolytes, and blood work including markers for glomerular diseases. Imaging options like ultrasound, CT, MRI, and angiography are outlined. Kidney biopsy procedures and their utility are also summarized.
pancreatitis Gi disorder diagnosis managementTHaripriya1
This document discusses acute pancreatitis, defining it as a reversible inflammation of the pancreas that ranges from mild to severe. It presents the epidemiology, signs and symptoms, investigations, management, and complications of acute pancreatitis. The most common causes are gallstones and alcohol, accounting for 80% of cases. Treatment involves supportive care, pain management, IV fluids, and identifying and treating any complications like infections. The mortality rate depends on the severity of the attack, ranging from 1% for mild cases up to 75-90% for severe pancreatitis.
This document discusses hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It defines hydronephrosis as dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces. Causes include primary/secondary obstruction. VUR is retrograde urine flow from bladder to kidneys. Grades impact treatment. RCC is a lethal cancer, with clear cell being most common subtype. Diagnosis involves imaging and staging guides treatment like surgery, immunotherapy, targeted therapy.
Urinary system disorders can cause incontinence or retention. Incontinence includes stress incontinence from increased abdominal pressure during activities like coughing or laughing. Retention is the inability to empty the bladder and may lead to overflow incontinence. Diagnostic tests of urine include urinalysis to detect abnormalities like blood, protein, bacteria, or casts indicating infections or inflammation. Blood tests check for kidney failure signs like high waste levels. Those with kidney failure may require dialysis to replace kidney function. Urinary tract infections are common and usually caused by E. coli ascending from the rectal area. Left untreated, cystitis can lead to pyelonephritis involving the kidneys. Kidney stones form from concentrated urine
this power point presentation is made ideally according to criteria of ppt. with opener , energizes , bibliography ans much more criteria are followed.thank you..
This document provides information on the anatomy, physiology, and functions of the urinary and bowel elimination systems. It discusses the organs involved in urinary and bowel elimination including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, small intestine, and rectum. Factors that can affect normal elimination are covered as well as common alterations like incontinence, retention, frequency, and impaction. Nursing assessments, interventions, and potential diagnoses related to promotion of normal urinary and bowel elimination are also summarized.
At the end of this lecture the student will be able to understand the following:
Anatomy and physiology of renal & urology system
Assessment of renal & urology system
Introduction to renal & urology system disorders
Definition of UTI
Etiology/Pathophysiology of UTI
Risk factors of UTI
Clinical manifestation UTI
Complications of UTI
Diagnostic test of UTI
Medical management UTI
Nursing management UTI
Cystic diseases of the liver can be diagnosed using imaging such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans. Simple hepatic cysts appear as thin-walled lesions with homogenous interiors, while polycystic liver disease involves multiple cysts throughout the liver. Hydatid cysts may contain daughter cysts. Liver abscesses appear cystic but can usually be diagnosed clinically. Cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas often have thick, irregular walls with heterogeneous interiors and septations. Imaging helps characterize cystic lesions and guide treatment.
This document discusses acute pancreatitis, defining it as a reversible inflammation of the pancreas that ranges from mild to severe. It can be caused by gallstones, alcohol use, metabolic issues, infections, drugs, trauma, and other factors. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the back. Investigations include blood tests of amylase, lipase, and other enzymes. Treatment focuses on supportive care, pain management, and identifying/treating any complications like infections. The mortality rate ranges from 1% for mild cases to 15-20% overall.
This document provides an overview of renal/urinary disorders including pyelonephritis, nephritic syndrome, and renal calculi (kidney stones). It begins with objectives and topics to be covered. For each disorder, it discusses anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical management, and nursing care. Key points covered include the causes and risk factors for pyelonephritis, differences between acute and chronic pyelonephritis, pathophysiology and complications of nephritic syndrome, types and risk factors for kidney stones, and medical and surgical treatments for removing stones. The document is intended as an educational reference for understanding these renal/urinary disorders.
This document provides an overview of acute kidney injury (AKI). It defines AKI and discusses its causes, diagnosis, staging, management principles, and outcomes. The main points are:
- AKI is defined as a rapid reduction in kidney function over hours to days. Common causes include low blood flow, toxins, infections, and ischemia.
- Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and rule out other issues. Staging of AKI severity is based on changes in creatinine and urine output.
- Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, maintaining fluid/electrolyte balance, and potentially renal replacement therapy for severe cases. Outcomes depend on the cause and stage
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the structures of the kidneys and nephrons and their roles in filtering waste and regulating electrolytes. Diagnostic tests for evaluating urinary issues are also summarized, including urinalysis, renal function tests, imaging like ultrasound and CT, as well as endoscopic procedures.
Renal System - History Taking
By Dr. Usama Ragab Youssif
Lecturer of Medicine, Zagazig University
Email: usamaragab@medicine.zu.edu.eg, usama.ragab.zu@gmail.com
SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/dr4spring/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/doc.usama
Facebook Clinic: https://www.facebook.com/usamaclinic
Mobile: 00201000035863
This document provides a concise board review of male genitourinary diseases and renal topics. It summarizes common conditions like balanitis, phimosis, epididymitis, priapism, penile fracture, and testicular torsion. It also reviews renal cystic disease, nephrolithiasis, and the principles of acute renal failure including the distinctions between pre-renal, intrinsic, and post-renal etiologies. Management strategies are highlighted for timely surgical interventions or medical therapies.
The document discusses various cystic diseases of the liver including pyogenic liver abscess, amebic liver abscess, hydatid cysts, simple hepatic cysts, polycystic liver disease, cystadenoma, and cystadenocarcinoma. It provides details on the presentation, imaging, and management of these conditions with a focus on pyogenic liver abscess including risk factors, complications, and surgical versus non-surgical treatment approaches.
Similar to Session 14: Ch 15 PowerPoint Presentation (20)
This document provides information on various cardiovascular diseases and disorders. It discusses myocarditis, describing its causes as bacterial or viral infections. Signs include nonspecific symptoms like fatigue and fever. Diagnosis involves medical history, blood tests, ECG and imaging. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing damage. It also covers essential hypertension, describing its idiopathic cause and risk factors like age, family history and lifestyle. Signs are often asymptomatic until damage occurs. Diagnosis is based on repeated high blood pressure readings and treatment includes lifestyle changes and medications. Iron deficiency anemia is also discussed, with causes like blood loss, poor diet and malabsorption. Signs include pallor and fatigue and diagnosis uses blood tests to detect low
The document provides an overview of several common endocrine system diseases and disorders including their descriptions, etiologies, signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatments, prognoses, and prevention methods. Specific endocrine diseases covered include hyperpituitarism, hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, simple goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Cushing disease, and diabetes mellitus.
This document provides an overview of several nervous system diseases and disorders. It begins with common signs and symptoms like headaches, weakness, and sensory/motor disturbances. It then discusses specific conditions in more detail including migraine headaches, cerebral concussions, traumatic brain injuries, meningitis, strokes, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. For each condition, it describes the definition, etiology, signs/symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and prognosis. The goal is to educate students on the nature and management of various nervous system diseases and disorders.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an overview of common musculoskeletal diseases and disorders, including definitions, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and prognosis. Key points discussed include:
- Common signs of musculoskeletal diseases include pain, tenderness, swelling, weakness and deformities.
- Herniated disks typically occur in the lower back and cause sciatica. Treatment focuses on rest, heat/cold, analgesics and sometimes surgery.
- Osteoporosis weakens bones and increases fracture risk. It is diagnosed via DEXA scan and treated via calcium supplements, medication and exercise.
- Osteoarthritis causes joint inflammation and pain. Treatment includes NSAIDs, physical therapy and sometimes surgery.
- R
This document provides an overview of mental health diseases and disorders. It begins by noting the increasing integration of healthcare and mental healthcare. Approximately 26% of the US population is diagnosed with a mental disorder each year, accounting for 15% of the total disease burden by 2020. Diagnoses are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association. Common mental disorders discussed include depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, intellectual disabilities, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, and sexual disorders. Nature and nurture influences on mental health are also addressed.
This document discusses the disease process and includes:
1. Predisposing factors like heredity, age, gender, environment, and lifestyle that can influence disease.
2. Types of diseases including hereditary, inflammatory, infectious from microorganisms, traumatic injuries, effects of physical agents, neoplasms, immune-related, nutritional imbalances, and those of unknown or iatrogenic causes.
3. Idiopathic refers to a disease of unknown cause.
This document provides an overview of various skin diseases and disorders, including:
- Psoriasis, characterized by chronic pink or red lesions with silvery scaling. Genetic and autoimmune factors may play a role. Symptoms include thick flaky scaling and pruritus.
- Acne vulgaris, an inflammatory disease of hair follicles causing comedos, papules and pustules. Hormonal changes and stress can precipitate outbreaks. Treatment focuses on reducing bacterial infection and inflammation.
- Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory condition causing erythema and pustule formation on the face. Symptoms include flushing of the cheeks, forehead and chin. Treatment includes topical cre
This document provides an overview of congenital diseases and disorders in 3 sections:
1. It defines congenital abnormalities as birth defects that can be caused by genetics or teratogens, which are substances that cause malformations during pregnancy.
2. It describes some examples of congenital heart defects, nervous system diseases, digestive system disorders, genitourinary abnormalities, and musculoskeletal conditions.
3. It briefly discusses some metabolic disorders and genetic syndromes, including Down syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome.
This document provides a summary of key information about cancer including definitions, causes, types, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It defines cancer as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells known as a neoplasm that can be benign (non-life threatening and localized) or malignant (invasive and able to spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis). The document outlines various factors that can increase cancer risks and describes common cancer classification systems and treatment approaches.
This document provides an overview of pain and its management. It begins by describing different treatment models for pain including single-service clinics, pain clinics, and multidisciplinary pain centers. It then defines pain and describes different types such as acute, chronic, nociceptive, and neuropathic. It discusses variables that can influence the experience of pain and theories such as the gate control theory. It also outlines methods for assessing and treating pain, including medications, surgery, placebos, and complementary therapies like acupuncture, massage, and TENS. The document concludes by stating that acupuncture is a pain management treatment from China that was approved by the FDA in 1997.
This document provides an overview of integrative medicine and complementary therapies. It defines key terms like integrative, alternative, and complementary. It also discusses how integrative medicine blends traditional and nontraditional therapies. Additionally, it notes that 38% of US adults use complementary medicine and more than half of medical schools offer courses in alternative medicine. The document outlines different alternative medical systems and therapies and considers factors like mind-body connections and lifestyle that are part of integrative approaches.
The document discusses infectious and communicable diseases, including examples of pandemics, diseases that can be used as biological weapons, common viral and drug-resistant bacterial infections. It also covers infectious diseases that affect children and adolescents as well as the use of vaccines to prevent communicable diseases.
Common respiratory diseases and disorders are described including their signs and symptoms, causes, diagnostic procedures, treatment options and prevention methods. Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a functional diagnosis given to any pathological process that decreases lung function, such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, often due to smoking or air pollution. Asthma is characterized by recurrent attacks of wheezing and shortness of breath triggered by factors like allergens or infections.
This document provides information on various diseases and disorders of the digestive system, including:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs due to weak contraction or abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Symptoms include heartburn and regurgitation. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medication.
- Peptic ulcers are lesions in the stomach or duodenum caused by H. pylori infection or NSAID use. Symptoms include abdominal pain and bleeding. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori and reducing gastric acid production.
- Irritable bowel syndrome is a complex condition involving abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Treatment focuses on diet, stress management, and
This document provides an overview of infertility, sexually transmitted diseases, and reproductive system diseases and disorders that can affect males. It discusses conditions such as gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus infection, trichomoniasis, chlamydial infections, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, epididymitis, and prostatic cancer. For each condition, it describes the definition, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, prognosis, and methods of prevention.
The document describes a PowerPoint scavenger hunt activity where the user must correctly identify PowerPoint tools by clicking on icons in order to advance through questions. There are 7 multiple choice questions about tools for inserting clip art, text boxes, transitions, saving files, drawing tools, fonts, and text boxes. Students are instructed to email their teacher once they have completed all the activities, which are worth 3 points.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
1. Lecture Notes 15
Urinary System
Diseases and Disorders
Classroom Activity to Accompany
Diseases of the Human Body
Fifth Edition
Carol D. Tamparo Marcia A. Lewis
4. Common Signs and Symptoms of
Urinary System Diseases and Disorders
• Urinary changes; nocturia, hematuria,
dysuria, pyuria, urgency/frequency
• Pain in flank or lumbar region
• Fever
• Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
• Malaise, fatigue, lethargy
4
5. Cystitis and Urethritis
• Description
• Common UTIs
• Cystitis: inflammation of bladder
• Urethritis: inflammation of urethra
• UTI is second most common type of bacterial
infection seen by providers (URI is first)
UT I = urinary tract infection; URI = upper respiratory infection.
5
6. Cystitis and Urethritis
• Etiology
• Escherichia coli (most common), Proteus,
Klebsiella, Enterobacter & Serratia bacteria
• Urethritis may be caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Women ten times more susceptible than
men
6
7. Cystitis and Urethritis
• Signs and symptoms
• Bacteriuria
• Dysuria
• Urinary frequency, urgency
• Pain above pubic area
• Cloudy, bloody, foul-smelling urine
7
8. Cystitis and Urethritis
• Diagnostic procedures
• History of UTIs, recent catheterization,
change in sexual partners
• UA with C&S
• X-ray, CT scan, ultrasonography
UA = urinalysis; C&S = culture and sensitivity; CT = computed tomography.
8
9. Cystitis and Urethritis
• Treatment
• Antibiotics or sulfa drugs (1-, 3-, or 7-day
course)
• Increased fluid intake
• Analgesics
9
10. Cystitis and Urethritis
Complementary therapy
• Herbal tea from goldenseal or uva-ursi
• Drink pure cranberry or blueberry juice
Client communication
• Explain medications and complications from
untreated UTIs
10
11. Cystitis and Urethritis
• Prognosis
• Without complications, good
• Reinfections likely in susceptible persons
• Prevention
• Don’t “hold urine”
• Proper feminine hygiene
11
12. Cystitis and Urethritis
• UTIs are the second most common
infection after _____ infection.
1. respiratory
2. gastrointestinal
3. pharyngeal
4. vaginal
12
13. Pyelonephritis (Acute)
• Description
• Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
due to infection
• Infection can result in destruction or scarring
of renal tissue, impairing kidney function
• Most common type of kidney disease
13
14. Glomerulonephritis (Acute)
• Description
• Inflammation of glomeruli in kidney’s
nephrons causes the rate of blood filtration to
be reduced
• Water and salt is retained; both kidneys
affected
14
15. Glomerulonephritis (Acute)
• Etiology
• Often unknown
• Usually from infection elsewhere in the body
• Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
(APSGN); other bacteria, viruses, parasites,
may be causal
15
18. Glomerulonephritis (Acute)
• Treatment
• Dependent upon cause
• Supportive; rest
• Diuretics or ACE inhibitors
• Antibiotics for underlying infection
• Restrict salt, protein, fluids
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme.
18
19. Glomerulonephritis (Acute)
Complementary therapy
• None
Client communication
• Refer to dietitian
• National Kidney Foundation list of
resources
19
21. Renal Calculi
• Description
• Uroliths, kidney stones
• Most common cause of urinary obstruction
• Concentration of mineral salts in calyx,
urinary tract
• Like a grain of sand or very large
21
22. Renal Calculi
• Etiology
• Calculi form from imbalance between preventing
water loss and eliminating mineral wastes
• Dehydration, immobilization, excessive intake of
vitamin D, calcium
• Gout, Cushing syndrome, UTI, neoplasms
• Genetic; more men than women affected
22
23. Renal Calculi
• Signs and symptoms
• Asymptomatic
• Intense flank and back pain
• Urinary urgency if lodged in ureter
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever, chills, hematuria
23
24. Renal Calculi
• Diagnostic procedures
• History and physical examination; familial
tendencies
• UA
• Noncontrast spiral CT scan
• Abdominal or KUB x-ray
KUB = kidney, ureter, and bladder.
24
26. Renal Calculi
Complementary therapy
• Eight or more glasses of water/day
• High-fiber, low-fat diet
• Vitamin, mineral supplements
• Relaxation techniques
Client communication
• Stress proper diet and fluid intake
• Completing medication therapy
26
27. Renal Calculi
• Prognosis
• Good if urinary tract obstruction is prevented;
recurrence 60%
• Prevention
• Adequate fluid intake
• Drink pure cranberry and blueberry juice
27
28. Renal Calculi
• Renal calculi are also known as
1. bladder stones
2. hepatic stones
3. gallbladder stones
4. kidney stones
28
29. Hydronephrosis
• Description
• Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces of
a kidney due to pressure from accumulating
fluid
• Pressure impairs and eventually interrupts
kidney function
29
30. Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Description
• Developmental defect of the collecting
tubules
• Tubules do not empty properly; swell into
multiple, grapelike, fluid-filled sacs (cysts)
impairing kidney function
30
37. End-Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD)
• Description
• Result of chronic renal failure
• Gradual, progressive kidney deterioration
causes urea and creatinine to accumulate in
blood to toxic levels
• Affects all organs
37
40. End-Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD)
• Diagnostic procedures
• History and physical examination
• Blood tests with elevated serum creatinine,
nitrogen, potassium
• Hypertension
• Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
40
41. End-Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD)
• Treatment
• Dialysis (peritoneal, hemodialysis, CRRT)
and kidney transplantation only treatment
• Relieve symptoms, slow deterioration of
renal function, guard against complications
• Dietary restrictions of protein, salt, potassium
CRRT = continuous renal replacement therapy.
41
42. End-Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD)
Complementary therapy
• None
Client communication
• Educate regarding “kidney friendly diet”
• Educate about dialysis and transplant
• Support client, family
42
43. End-Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD)
• Prognosis
• Variable yet poor
• Kidney failure, uremia, and eventual death
• Prevention
• None known
• Prompt treatment of underlying disorders, chronic
kidney disease
43
44. End-Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD)
• The leading cause of ESRD is
1. diabetes mellitus
2. renal calculi
3. diabetes insipidus
4. staphylococcus
44
45. Neurogenic or Overactive
Bladder
• Description
• Any loss or impairment of bladder function
• Caused by CNS injury or by damage to
nerves supplying the bladder
• Manifests as incontinence or feeling of full
bladder
CNS = central nervous system.
45
46. Neurogenic or Overactive
Bladder
• Etiology
• Most frequent cause is trauma to the spinal
cord
• May also be due to multiple sclerosis,
dementia, Parkinson disease, chronic
alcoholism, heavy-metal poisoning,
metabolic disorders, UTIs, kidney stones,
and enlarged prostate
46
47. Neurogenic or Overactive
Bladder
• Signs and symptoms
• Mild to severe urinary incontinence
• Inability to empty bladder completely
• Difficulty in stopping or starting voiding
• Bladder spasms
47
48. Neurogenic or Overactive
Bladder
• Diagnostic procedures
• History and physical examination;
neurological evaluation
• Cystourethrography
• Urine flow study
• Sphincter electromyography
48
49. Neurogenic or Overactive
Bladder
• Treatment
• Prevent UTI complications
• Learning bladder control techniques
• Credé method
• Intermittent self-catheterization
• Bladder relaxation medications
49
50. Neurogenic or Overactive
Bladder
Complementary therapy
• Biofeedback may be useful for teaching bladder
control
Client communication
• Educate about bladder control techniques
• Emotional support for both client and family
50
51. Neurogenic or Overactive
Bladder
• Prognosis
• Dependent upon extent of nerve damage
• Complications are UTIs, renal calculi,
hydronephrosis, or renal failure
• Prevention
• None known
• Prompt treatment of underlying disorders
51
52. Renal Cell Carcinoma
(Kidney Cancer)
• Description
• Also known as renal cell adenocarcinoma
• Most common type of kidney cancer
• Usually grows as a single mass
52
53. Renal Cell Carcinoma
(Kidney Cancer)
• Etiology
• Cause unknown
• Risk factors include obesity, hypertension,
long-term dialysis, exposure to chemicals
and irritants
53
54. Renal Cell Carcinoma
(Kidney Cancer)
• Signs and symptoms
• Hematuria
• Flank pain that does not go away
• Lump or mass in abdomen
• Weight loss
• Fever
54
56. Renal Cell Carcinoma
(Kidney Cancer)
• Treatment
• Dependent upon stage and spread of the cancer
• Partial or complete nephrectomy
• Arterial embolization
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy
56
57. Renal Cell Carcinoma
(Kidney Cancer)
Complementary therapy
• Acupuncture, meditation, relaxation techniques to
boost traditional treatment
Client
• Educate about maintaining nutritious diet
57
58. Renal Cell Carcinoma
(Kidney Cancer)
• Prognosis
• Dependent upon spread of cancer
• 5-year survival is 60% to 70%; if spread to
lymph and other organs, 5-year survival is
less than 5%
• Prevention
• Avoid risk factors
58
59. Credits
Publisher: Margaret Biblis
Acquisitions Editor: Andy McPhee
Developmental Editor: Yvonne Gillam, Julie Munden
Backgrounds: Joseph John Clark, Jr.
Production Manager: Sam Rondinelli
Manager of Electronic Product Development: Kirk Pedrick
Electronic Publishing: Frank Musick
The publisher is not responsible for errors of omission or for consequences from application of information in this presentation,
and makes no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to its content. Any practice described in this presentation should be
applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used with regard to the unique circumstances that
may apply in each situation.
59