Ch 4

1. Lecture Notes 4
Infectious and
Communicable Diseases
Classroom Activity to Accompany
Diseases of the Human Body
Fifth Edition
Carol D. Tamparo Marcia A. Lewis

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3. What is to give light
must endure burning.
—Victor Frankl
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4. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Infectious disease is caused by a
microorganism that can transfer to new
individuals
• Communicable disease is readily
transmitted from one individual to another
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5. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Pandemics
• H1N1(swine flu): mixture of pig, bird, and human
viruses
• Escherichia coli: bacteria in intestinal tract of humans
and animals
• Lyme disease: caused by tick-borne spirochete
• West Nile virus: comes from an infected mosquito
that causes encephalitis in horses and humans
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6. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Pandemics (cont.)
• Malaria: protozoa from an infected mosquito;
parasites travel to liver; change to merozites that
enter and destroy red blood cells
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): viral
respiratory illness
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7. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Which term refers to a disease that is
readily transmitted from one individual to
another?
1. Communicable
2. Pandemic
3. Infectious
4. Noninfectious
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8. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Infectious disease as potential weapons
• Anthrax: acute bacterial infection that can occur in
three forms
• Cutaneous, intestinal, or inhalation
• Botulism: bacteria that causes muscle paralysis
• Plague (pneumonic): bacteria that spreads through
respiratory secretions
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9. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Infectious disease as potential weapons
(cont.)
• Smallpox (variola): variola pox virus spreads through
respiratory secretion
• Tularemia (rabbit or deer-fly fever): bacteria that
causes pneumonia-like infection
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers: highly infectious viruses
that damage multiple organ systems
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10. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Viral infections
• Common cold: virus of upper respiratory tract; also
called coryza
• Influenza: acute viral infection of the respiratory
system
• Multidrug-resistant organisms
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)
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11. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Immunosuppressant diseases
• Chronic fatigue syndrome: persistent,
debilitating fatigue; also called benign
myalgic encephalomyelitis
• HIV infection/AIDS: viral infection that
destroys the T4 lymphocytes
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12. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Infectious and communicable diseases of
childhood and adolescence
• Infectious diarrheal disease: generally transmitted
through fecal-oral route; 20 million cases a year
• Rubeola (measles): highly communicable
respiratory infection; prevented by vaccine
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13. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Infectious and communicable diseases of
childhood and adolescence (cont.)
• Rubella (3-day measles): caused by rubella virus
characterized by fever and rash; dangerous to
pregnant women
• Mumps: characterized by fever and inflammation of
the parotid salivary glands caused by mumps
paramyxovirus; prevented by vaccine
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14. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Infectious and communicable diseases of
childhood and adolescence (cont.)
• Varicella (chickenpox): varicella-zoster virus causes rash that
goes from macule to papule to vesicles then crusts; prevented by
vaccine; happens as shingles in later life
• Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease): caused by human parvovirus
B19; transmitted by respiratory secretions characterized by facial
rash
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15. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Infectious and communicable diseases of
childhood and adolescence (cont.)
• Pertussis (whooping cough): bacteria causes highly
infectious respiratory disease with a repetitious,
paroxysmal cough and prolonged harsh or shrill sound
during inhalation; prevented by vaccine
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16. Infectious and Communicable
Diseases
• Immunizations: protection against certain
communicable disease
• Vaccine: suspension of infectious agents,
components of the agents, or genetically engineered
antigens given for purpose of establishing resistance
to an infectious disease
• Two general classes of vaccines
• Live attenuated agent
• Inactivated agents obtained through genetic mutation
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17. Credits
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The publisher is not responsible for errors of omission or for consequences from application of information in this presentation,
and makes no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to its content. Any practice described in this presentation should be
applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used with regard to the unique circumstances that may
apply in each situation.
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