Mba admission in india

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سورة البقرة آية ٣٢

BY
ISMAEL ABD ELMONEM
ATTIA
PROFESSOR OF CHEST
DISEASES
AL AZHAR UNIVERSITY

Air pollution is the introduction of
chemicals, particulate matter, or
biological material-- that cause harm
discomfort to humans or other living
organisms, or damages the natural
environment,-- into the atmosphere.

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nnaattuurraall oorr mmeecchhaanniiccaall mmeeaannss..
WWhhyy vveennttiillaattiioonn iiss nneeeeddeedd iinnddoooorrss??
TToo rreemmoovvee hheeaatt oorr mmooiissttuurree OORR ttoo
rreedduuccee tthhee ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn ooff oonnee OORR
mmoorree iinnddoooorr ppoolllluuttaannttss..

1-Natural
2-Mechanical

1-It lnvolves flow of outdoor air through windows,
cracks and a variety of openings in the buildings.
2-Movement of air from indoor spaces to outdoor.
Limitation of Natural Ventilation
- Fairly inefficient as it is NOT UNIFORMLY
distributed.
-It brings POLLENS & OTHER POLLUTANTS from
outside air.

It involves use of fans and heating / air
conditioning equipments.
Principle of mechanical ventilation
-Pulling fresh air from outside to indoor
spaces.
-Exhaust stale air.
-Control temperature and humidity
inside.

-Indoor air pollutants may be up to 100
times higher than outdoor levels.
(Environmental protection agency).
-Most people spend 90% of their time
indoors. (American Lung Association)
Dirty ventilation systems are a 50%
contributor to sick building syndrome.
(Healthy Buildings International).

-50% of all illnesses are either caused or
aggravated by polluted indoor air.
(American College of Allergists).
-Legionnaire’s disease was spawned in air
conditioning ducts. (ALA) -Indoor
airpollution is the primary cause in as
many as 50 million cases of occupational
chronic respiratory disease each year.
(World Health Organization).
-

One out of six people who suffer from
allergies do so because of the direct
result of the fungi and bacteria in the air
duct systems. (Total Health & Better
Health Magazine)
-As many as one billion people, mostly
women and children, are regularly
exposed to levels of indoor air pollution
exceeding WHO guidelines by up to 100
times. (WHO).

· Air tightness of buildings
· Poorly designed air conditioning and
ventilation systems
· Indoor sources of pollution
· Outdoor sources of pollution

Air Tightness in Buildings Causes
inadequate supply of fresh air, as a result,
negative pressure develops, which
causes:
Ground level pollutants, e.g. CO, Radon
etc.to be drawn inside the buildings.
Release of odor (Bioaerosols) and other
pollutants.

Pull outside polluted air from vents, cracks
and openings and increase dust, pollen
etc.
Causes “Sick Building Syndrome”.
Poorly Designed Air Conditioning
Systems Results into the production of
fungi, molds and other sickness causing
microbes.

Air Tightness in Buildings Causes inadequate supply of
fresh air, as a result, negative pressure develops, which
causes:
· Ground level pollutants, e.g. CO, Radon etc.to be
drawn inside the buildings.
· Release of odor (Bioaerosols) and other pollutants.
· Pull outside polluted air from vents, cracks and
openings and increase dust, pollen etc.
· Causes “Sick Building Syndrome”.

Poorly Designed Air Conditioning Systems Results into the
production of fungi, molds and other sickness causing
microbes.
Problems of IAQ Enclosed spaces inhabited by humans
produce following effects-
· Reduction in oxygen level of spaces.
· Increase in CO2 level.
· Increase in temperature.
· Increase in humidity
· Increase in Bioaerosols and odor

Sniff the air. The nose is the best
odor and gas detector, and a
good particle detector as well,
especially when first entering a
contaminated environment.

Pollutants can be classified as either
primary or secondary
primary pollutants
are substances directly emitted from a
process, such as the carbon monoxide
gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or
sulfur dioxide released from factories.

Secondary pollutants
are not emitted directly. Rather, they form
in the air when primary pollutants react
or interact. An important example of a
secondary pollutant is ground level
ozone.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term
referring to the air quality
within and around buildings
and structures.

IAQ can be affected by microbial
contaminants (mold, bacteria),
gases (including carbon monoxide,
radon, volatile organic
compounds),and particulates.

Health effects due to indoor air pollutants
may be short- as well as long-term.
Short-term problems include a stuffy,
odorous environment and symptoms
such as burning eyes, skin irritation, and
headaches.

Long-term health problems have a longer
latency period or are chronic in nature.
Health conditions involving some allergic
reactions, including hypersensitivity
pneumonitis, allergic rhinitis, and some
types of asthma, are triggered by
bioaerosols.

Basic approaches to control indoor air
pollution include source control, source
isolation, increased ventilation,
dehumidification, and the use of filters.
Possible sources of contamination are
eliminated in a source-control strategy.

Mba admission in india

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