Reconstruction post oncologic maxillectomy. IPRAS

This document discusses endoscopic skull base surgery and its advantages over traditional open skull surgery. It is presented by Dr. G. Sundhar Krishnan and Dr. P. Kanthamani of Krishna Eye and ENT Hospitals in Chennai. Endoscopic skull base surgery uses the nasal passages and other natural openings to access the skull base instead of external incisions or craniotomy. It provides better visualization with endoscopes and has benefits like smaller incisions, shorter hospital stays, lower morbidity rates, and better cosmetic outcomes for patients compared to traditional open skull base surgery. The document outlines the indications for endoscopic skull base surgery and provides examples of conditions it can treat as well as case studies with pre- and post

This document classifies and describes different types of maxillectomy defects based on the extent of resection. It discusses four main types of defects: Type I defects involve limited resection of one or two maxillary walls excluding the palate. Type II defects resect the maxillary arch, palate, and anterior/lateral walls while preserving the orbital floor. Type III defects resect all six maxillary walls, with Type IIIa preserving the orbit and IIIb including orbital exenteration. Type IV defects resect the upper five maxillary walls and orbital contents. The document outlines reconstruction options for each defect type based on the volume and surface area requirements. Non-vascularized bone grafts or forearm

Maxillectomy & Rehabilitation

Dr Utkal Mishra

Management of benign parapharyngeal lesions

Most parapharyngeal lesions are benign, with schwannoma being the most common. Traditionally, intraoral and external approaches have been used to access these lesions, but both have disadvantages. A new endoscopic transoral approach using angled endoscopes and magnification provides good exposure and access while avoiding neurovascular structures, allowing for complete tumor removal with less bleeding, operating time, and morbidity compared to other approaches. The author's experience with this technique has included successful removal of schwannomas, pleomorphic adenomas, branchial cysts, and other lesions. This endoscopic approach overcomes the drawbacks of prior methods and is an innovative technique for managing benign parapharyngeal lesions.

Microvascular and maxillofacial surgery

Jinijazz93

Microvascular reconstructive surgery involves transferring autogenous tissue using microsurgery to reconstruct defects, commonly in the jaws, mouth, throat, face, scalp and neck. Microsurgery uses magnification to anastomose small blood vessels and nerves. Successful reconstruction depends on preventing vessel wall damage during anastomosis so that the platelet plug that initially forms will gradually disappear over 1-2 weeks as new endothelium forms.

Endoscopic Approach to Orbit and Pituitary

Endoscopic ear surgery

Ausaf Khan

Endoscopic ear surgery (EES) has emerged as a valuable technique for visualizing and operating in the ear. The document discusses the history and evolution of EES from its early uses in the 1960s to becoming an accepted approach. It provides rationales for using EES, such as obtaining a wider field of view within the ear canal. The document outlines instrumentation, setup, techniques, and indications for EES. It emphasizes that EES is not meant to replace the microscope but can be useful as an adjunct or alternative approach in select cases.

$Sinus fractures /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy$ $Sinus fractures /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy$

Sinus fractures /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

This document discusses naso-orbital ethmoid and frontal sinus fractures. It covers the anatomy, classification, signs, examination, goals of management, surgical approaches and repair techniques for different types of fractures. The principles of management include early repair, exposure of all fracture fragments, precise rigid fixation, bone grafting if needed, soft tissue management and restoration of orbital volume. Complications can occur if there is inadequate reduction, stabilization of fragments or repair of supporting structures. Surgical treatment of frontal sinus fractures aims to avoid complications while achieving cosmetic reconstruction.

A protocol for the management of frontal sinus /prosthodontic courses

This document describes a protocol for managing frontal sinus fractures with an emphasis on sinus preservation. It discusses a retrospective study of 116 patients treated over 10 years according to the protocol. The protocol aims to restore bone contour, manage CSF leaks, and prevent complications while preserving sinus function and anatomy when possible. It categorizes fractures and outlines non-operative and surgical management approaches, prioritizing sinus membrane preservation and reconstruction of the anterior table. Overall, the protocol achieved predictable healing and few short-term complications in most patients.

Endoscope assisted middle ear surgery

Ram Raju

This document discusses endoscope-assisted middle ear surgery. Some key points: 1) Endoscopes allow wide field visualization with minimal exposure and can see behind obstructions or into recesses with less surgical exposure than conventional techniques. 2) Endoscopes are useful for visualizing the epitympanic recess, facial recess, sinus tympani, Eustachian tube, and hypotympanum. 3) Potential indications for middle ear endoscopy include unexplained conductive hearing loss, trauma, cholesteatoma, perilymph fistula, and follow-up for cholesteatoma.

Anatomy of the maxilla and its surgical implications /cosmetic dentistry courses

Technique of harvesting cartilage graft for cartilage tympanoplasty Dr. M. E...

mderami

The document discusses techniques for harvesting cartilage grafts for cartilage tympanoplasty. Cartilage can be harvested from the tragus or concha using various surgical approaches and tools. The tragus is often preferred as it is thinner and flatter than conchal cartilage. Cartilage grafts must be thinned to around 500 microns for optimal acoustic transfer properties and stability. Surgical tools described for thinning grafts include scalpels, clamps, knives, and specialized cutting guides.

Surgical approach to orbital tumour

Dr Kawshik Nag

Approaches to maxillofacial skeleton

Dr. SHEETAL KAPSE

The document discusses various surgical approaches for the facial skeleton, including extraoral and intraoral incisions. It covers key principles for placing incisions such as following natural lines and avoiding vital structures. Specific approaches are described for the mandible, condyle, orbit, maxilla, and nasal skeleton. Factors to consider for any facial incision include scar visibility, underlying anatomy, and adequate surgical access. Both open and endoscopic techniques are presented.

Seminar no. 10-11 maxillofacial imaging

This document discusses various imaging techniques used in the maxillofacial region. It begins by providing an overview of maxillofacial imaging anatomy seen on CT and MRI scans. It then describes different types of jaw cysts that can be identified on imaging, including periapical, residual, paradental, lateral periodontal, and incisive canal cysts. Finally, it discusses some interventional radiology procedures performed in the maxillofacial region, such as temporomandibular joint arthrography and sialography.

Mastoidectomy

Daria Otgonbayar

Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure to access and treat infections of the mastoid air cells behind the ear. Over time, the procedure has evolved from simple cortical mastoidectomies described in the 17th century to more advanced techniques using an operating microscope and drill. Modern mastoidectomies are typically classified as canal wall up or canal wall down depending on whether the bony ear canal wall is preserved. Indications include treatment of cholesteatoma, refractory ear infections, and approaches for other inner ear procedures. The surgery involves an incision behind the ear to access and clean out the infected mastoid air cells.

Hatem Krema - Ocular Oncology Surgeries

Hatem Krema

This document describes various surgical procedures for ocular oncology including: 1. Excision of eyelid, orbital, and intraocular tumors using approaches like transconjunctival orbitotomy or lamellar reconstruction. 2. Reconstruction techniques after tumor excision like rotational flaps or grafts. 3. Management of diffuse orbital tumors with initial medical treatment followed by surgical excision if needed. 4. Procedures for enucleation, radioactive plaque insertion, and lid-sparing orbital exenteration.

Access osteotomy

Cathrine Diana

This document provides an overview of various osteotomy approaches for accessing lesions in the skull base and neck. It discusses the history, classification, advantages, and disadvantages of different osteotomies. Key approaches mentioned include fronto-nasal-orbital osteotomy, Lefort I osteotomy, zygomatic osteotomy, and mandibulotomy. The document emphasizes that the choice of osteotomy depends on factors like the location and extent of the lesion as well as involvement of surrounding structures. Modifications to standard approaches are also described to optimize exposure and resection of different pathologies.

Endoscopic middle ear surgery

Divya Raana

Endoscopic middle ear surgery is an emerging technique that provides several advantages over traditional microscopic surgery, including a wider field of view allowing visualization of hidden areas. While the endoscope provides excellent maneuverability, the learning curve is steep and it requires adaptation to a one-handed technique. Experienced surgeons are using endoscopy for diagnostic evaluation, tympanoplasty, retraction pocket surgery, and minimally invasive approaches. Continued technological advances may further expand the applications of endoscopic ear surgery.

Frontal osteoma - HARSH AMIN

Dr. HARSH AMIN

This document discusses osteomas, which are benign bone tumors that commonly arise in the skull. It provides details on the typical presentation, locations, demographic factors, investigations and surgical approaches for osteomas. It then presents a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with slow-growing swellings in her right eyebrow and hairline that were found to be osteomas on CT scan. She underwent a bicoronal surgical approach to completely excise the osteomas due to their size and location, with an excellent postoperative outcome and no recurrence.

Open cavity mastoid operations

Surbhi narayan

This document discusses open cavity mastoid operations, including their history, indications, techniques, and complications. Open cavity procedures involve removing the posterior wall of the external auditory canal to exteriorize the mastoid cavity. They allow for monitoring of recurrent cholesteatoma and drainage for unresectable infections. The radical and modified radical mastoidectomies developed historically to fully remove bone-invading disease while preserving hearing when possible. Key steps involve identifying and preserving the facial nerve while removing disease-affected areas. Postoperative care focuses on re-epithelialization of the cavity and monitoring for complications like infection, nerve injury, and recurrent cholesteatoma.

Maxillectomy

ULVAN OZAD

A maxillectomy is the surgical removal of part or all of the maxilla bone in the upper jaw. The document describes a partial anterior maxillectomy procedure performed to remove cancerous tissue from the front part of the patient's hard palate. An obturator was fitted to seal the opening between the mouth and nose caused by the maxilla removal. Risks of the surgery include bleeding, infection, and possible nerve damage. Future problems may include issues with speech, swallowing, pain, infection, and eating/drinking.

Head and Neck Surgery Incisions Dr. Cavid Cabbarzade Hacettepe ENTdrcavidcab

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Seminar no. 10-11 maxillofacial imaging

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Orthopedic biomaterials

snehalmenon92

This document discusses biomaterials used in orthopedics. It begins by classifying biomaterials into three generations: first generation materials aimed to be inert; second generation could interact with biology; and third generation could stimulate cellular responses. Various biomaterial types are then described, including metals, ceramics, and polymers used for applications like bone plates, artificial joints, and scaffolds. The document concludes by focusing on a case study of total knee replacements, outlining their history, types including condylar designs, the surgery, and developments like oxidized zirconium which reduces polyethylene wear.

Ameloblastoma / oral surgery courses

Indian Dental Academy is a leader in continuing dental education, providing both online and offline courses. The document discusses ameloblastoma, a type of odontogenic tumor. It defines ameloblastoma, provides its history and classifications including clinical, radiological, and histopathological. Treatment options discussed include medical therapy, radiotherapy, and various surgical treatments such as enucleation, marsupialization, and curettage. Radiographs, biopsy, CT, and MRI are investigated for ameloblastoma.

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Sialolithiasis and its management in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Arjun Shenoy

Sialolithiasis refers to calcified structures that develop within the salivary glands or ductal system. The document discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of sialolithiasis. It notes that 80-92% of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland, which has an abundant calcium concentration and alkaline pH that promotes stone formation. Diagnosis involves imaging like sialography, ultrasound or CT scan to detect radiopaque stones. Treatment options include surgical removal of stones, sialoendoscopy or shockwave lithotripsy depending on the size and location of the sialolith.

Sialolithiasis

Dr. Saurabh Roy

Anatomy of Submandibular Gland

Fuad Ridha Mahabot

The submandibular gland is a major salivary gland located in the submandibular region under the mandible. It develops from endodermal buds in the floor of the mouth and grows posteriorly lateral to the tongue. The gland has both superficial and deep parts divided by the mylohyoid muscle. It is a branched tubuloacinar gland composed of serous and mucous acini that secrete saliva. The submandibular gland duct, called Wharton's duct, emerges from the deep part of the gland and opens on the floor of the mouth. The gland is supplied by the facial artery and drains into submandibular lymph nodes.

Classifications of salivary glands diseases

a7med2101

The document classifies diseases of the salivary glands into 5 categories: 1) reactive lesions, 2) infectious sialadenitis, 3) benign neoplasms, 4) malignant neoplasms, and 5) rare tumors. It provides examples and descriptions of conditions for each category. Necrotizing sialometaplasia, a benign condition mimicking malignancy, typically affects the palate and presents clinically as swelling, erythema, tenderness and ulceration in the junction of the hard and soft palates.

Submandibular Region (Anatomy of the Neck)

Dr. Sherif Fahmy

This document describes the anatomy of several muscles and structures in the submandibular region. It includes descriptions and images of the digastric muscle, myelohyoid muscle, hyoglossus muscle, geniohyoid muscle, genioglossus muscle, stylohyoid muscle, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, and the submandibular ganglion. Relations and functions of each structure are provided, with an emphasis on their location and connections to surrounding muscles and nerves in the neck.

Biomaterials in orthopaedics ppt

harivenkat1990

This document provides an overview of biomaterials used in orthopaedics. It begins by defining biomaterials and classifying them into first, second, and third generations. Common orthopaedic biomaterials are then described, including metal alloys like stainless steel, cobalt chrome, and titanium, as well as ceramics, polymers, calcium phosphates, and tissue adhesives. General tissue responses to implants and potential complications are discussed. The document concludes by mentioning recent advances in biomaterials aimed at better mimicking bone properties and minimizing harmful effects.

Oral Pathology - Diseases of salivary glands

Hamzeh AlBattikhi

This document discusses diseases of the salivary glands. It begins by identifying the major salivary glands as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It then discusses various diseases including developmental anomalies, sialadenitis (inflammatory disorders), obstructions, Sjögren's syndrome (an autoimmune disease causing dry mouth and eyes), sialadenosis (recurrent swelling), and HIV-associated salivary gland disease. For many of these diseases, it provides details on causes, clinical features, histopathology, and investigations. In summary, it provides an overview of the major diseases that can affect the salivary glands.

Biomaterials

granujademediopelo

Biomaterials are materials that are used in medical devices and implants that are introduced into the human body. They must be biocompatible, meaning they are compatible with and accepted by the body, and must withstand the body's internal conditions like temperature, pH levels, and corrosive fluids. Common biomaterials include polymers like nylon and silicone, ceramics like aluminum oxide, and metals like titanium alloys. Examples of biomaterials in use include pacemakers which use titanium casings and polyurethane insulation, contact lenses made of soft hydrogel plastics, knee implants made of plastics and metals, and the latest artificial hearts which are made of titanium and special plastics.

salivary gland diseases

shabeel pn

The document discusses various salivary gland diseases including functional disorders like sialorrhea and xerostomia, obstructive disorders like sialolithiasis, non-neoplastic disorders such as acute and chronic sialadenitis, and neoplastic disorders including adenomas, mucoepidermoid tumors, carcinomas, and malignant lymphomas. It also covers sinus diseases such as acute and chronic sinusitis, their causes, symptoms, treatments, and potential complications.

Lymphatic drainage of head & neck

Manish Kumar

Biomaterials and its Applications

Saransh Khandelwal

The document discusses biomaterials, which are materials used in medical applications that interact with biological systems. It defines biomaterials and outlines their history, characteristics, examples of applications like implants and grafts, challenges, and future potential. Key biomaterial properties include biocompatibility, mechanical compatibility with tissues, and ability to perform specific functions. Common biomaterials are metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites used in devices like heart valves, dental implants, and orthopedic implants.

Salivary glands anatomy & applied aspects

Joel D'silva

This document discusses the anatomy and applied aspects of the major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It describes the location, structure, blood supply, nerve supply, duct system, development, and common pathologies of each gland. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland and is located below and in front of the ear. The submandibular gland is located beneath the jawbone and the sublingual glands are found under the tongue. Surgical procedures for each gland aim to preserve their ducts and nerve supply to minimize postoperative complications.

Salivary glands diseases

IAU Dent

This document provides information on salivary gland diseases presented over multiple sessions. It begins with the objectives and overview of topics to be covered, including applied anatomy of the salivary glands, autonomic innervation and effects on function, inflammatory and obstructive disorders, neoplasms, and investigations. It then describes in detail the anatomy, physiology and investigations of the major salivary glands. Salivary gland diseases are classified as functional, obstructive, non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Specific conditions like sialadenitis, sialolithiasis, mucocele and ranula are explained. Imaging modalities like ultrasound, sialography, CT, MRI and sialendoscopy

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Colangiocarcinoma pucón

Este documento presenta los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de 30 pacientes con colangiocarcinoma en un centro universitario chileno entre 2001-2008. Encontró que el 73,3% de los pacientes fueron resecables, con complicaciones precoces en el 33,3% y tardías en el 23,3%. La sobrevida al año fue de 54,1% y a los 2 años de 40,4%, sin correlación significativa con factores como márgenes, ganglios o permeación vascular.

Linfadenectomia ca gastrico lap

Este estudio comparó la calidad de la disección ganglionar entre la gastrectomía laparoscópica y abierta por cáncer gástrico. Encontró que el número promedio de ganglios linfáticos resecados fue similar entre los dos grupos. La gastrectomía laparoscópica tuvo menos sangrado intraoperatorio y una estadía hospitalaria más corta, sin diferencias significativas en la sobrevida general o específica por cáncer.

Linfangioma mesentrico multiquistico

Este documento describe el caso de un hombre de 19 años que presentó dolor abdominal agudo, vómitos y distensión abdominal debido a un vólvulo intestinal causado por un linfangioma mesentérico multiquístico. Durante la laparotomia exploradora se encontró el vólvulo, dilatación intestinal, adenopatías y lesiones multilobuladas en el mesenterio, resecándose 40cm de yeyuno. El análisis histopatológico confirmó un linfangioma mesentérico multiquístico, del cual a pes

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