Biomaterials are materials that are used in medical devices and implants that are introduced into the human body. They must be biocompatible, meaning they are compatible with and accepted by the body, and must withstand the body's internal conditions like temperature, pH levels, and corrosive fluids. Common biomaterials include polymers like nylon and silicone, ceramics like aluminum oxide, and metals like titanium alloys. Examples of biomaterials in use include pacemakers which use titanium casings and polyurethane insulation, contact lenses made of soft hydrogel plastics, knee implants made of plastics and metals, and the latest artificial hearts which are made of titanium and special plastics.

1. biomaterials By: Amparo Ortega Yago Cristina Ballesteros Ferrer Laura Martínez Alonso Víctor del Moral Ronda Abigail DombrowskySuescun

2. Index: Definition Why are they so particular? Kinds Themostusedbiomaterials Someexamples

3. Definition: Biomaterials are all the inert materials used for producing a pharmacological object that is going to be introduced in a living organism. An artificial tendon

4. Why are they so particular? All the biomaterials are specially studied because are important for our health, and the body could react against them. Biomaterials have to support in the body natural conditions: temperature, Ph, corrosive fluids… and they can not never to oxidize.

5. KINDS Intern layout: All the biomaterials placed in the intern body. External layout: All the biomaterial placed in the exterior of the body.

6. External biomaterials

7. KINDS Inert biocompatible: are accepted for the body and can stay in the body for long periods of time. Used for permanent implants. Reabsorble biocompatible: Designed for being reabsorbed and substituted for the natural tissue. Biocompatible bioactive: them react strongly with the natural tissue, forming a strong link.

8. THE MOST USED BIOMATERIALS The polymers, such as the nylon, the silicone or the Teflon. They are elastic an easy to fabric them. On the other hand, they are easy to demote. The new materials, as the nanocomposits, that are really difficult to sintetise. A silicone prosthesis

9. THE MOSt USED BIOMATERIALS The ceramic materials, as the aluminum oxide. They have a great biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, but they are not elastic at all, and are fragile. Some materials like steel 316, 316 with a less contest of carbon, titanium alloys. They have great resistance, but they are not very biocompatible.

10. PACEMAKER A pacemaker is a medical device witch uses electrical impulses delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles When the pacemaker fails to sense a heartbeat within a normal beat to beat period, it will stimulate the ventricle of heart with a short low voltage pulse. This sensing and stimulating activity continues on a beat by beat basis.

11. PACEMAKER

12. pacemaker Pacemakersconsist of a pager-sizedhousingdevicethatcontains a battery and theelectroniccircuitrythatrunsthedevice, alongwithoneortwolongthinelectricalwiresthattravelfromthepacemakerhousingdevicetotheheart, it'simplantedbelowtheskin in theshoulderarea.

13. PACEMAKER MATERIALS Thematerialsusedtoconstructpacemakersmustbepharnacologicallyinert, nontoxic, sterilizable, and abletofunction in theenvironmentalconditions of thebody. Thecasingismade of titaniumor a titaniumalloy. The lead isalsomade of a metal alloy, butitisinsulatedby a polymersuch as polyurethane. Onlythe metal tip of the lead isexposed. Thecircuitryisusuallymade of modifiedsiliconsemiconductors.

14. PACEMAKER

15. Contact lens A contactlensis a correctivelens placed onthe cornea of theeye It'sdesignedtoimprovevisionbecausesomepeoplehave a mismatchbetweentherefractivepower of theeye and thelength of theeye, leadingto a refraction error. A contactlensneutralizesthismismatch and allowsforcorrectfocusing of light ontothe retina.

16. CONTACT LENS

17. Contact lens Contactlenses are made of pliablehydrophilicplasticscalledhydrogels. Hydrogelsabsorbsignificantamounts of watertokeepthelensessoft and supple. New softcontactlensescalledsiliconehydrogellensesincludesiliconewithinthehydrogel material toincreasetheoxygentransmissibility of thelenses.

18. KneeImplants

19. Operation This piece replaces the joint (sometimes also the ligaments), it allowing the movement of the knee and the mobility of the leg.

20. Features It is intended to assist in joint mobility of the knee, but this may have negative side effects to the person like urinary incontinence among others.

21. Materials The materials used are plastic and metal, as they help in the performance of the prosthesis. You can also join the prosthesis with bone using cement to the knee, to improve efficiency.

22. KidneyImplants

23. Operation Thisdeviceworkslike a normal kidney, thisunitisdividedintoseveralpartswhereitentersthebloodisfilteredafterabsorbingnutrients and discardingwastesusbtancies

24. Features Due to this piece people don’t have to worry about the problems of making a kidney implant because this device is designed to prevent rejection and to do the function like a normal kidney.

25. Materials There are many kinds of kidney, and the materials are varied for example it can be of silicone, plastic, etc.

26. Artificial heart Artificial hearts are a mechanicaldevice, They are typically used in order to bridge the time to heart transplantation, or to permanently replace the heart in case transplantation is impossible.

27. Artificial heart the heart is conceptually simple, it’s formed by synthetic materials and power supplies. A possible consequence it could be the body rejection. These complications limited the lifespan of early human recipients to hours or days

28. AbioHeart It’s the last artificial heart invented. It’s made by titanium and a special plastic in which the blood doesn’t stick. The heart has got flexible walls with silicon, a motor that moves it, and in the valve it controls the pressure. 5 years are the life of this hearts.

29. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.stryker.es/st-index/st_pag_patients-home/st_pag_patients-knee/st_pag_patients-knee-replacement.htm http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%B1%C3%B3n_artificial http://www.laflecha.net/canales/ciencia/noticias/el-primer-prototipo-de-rinon-artificial-implantable-ya-es-una-realidad http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_biocompatible