Matthias, James, Jain & Arisa on Government Policies
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The document discusses various government economic policies including monetary policy, fiscal policy, and supply-side policy. Monetary policy involves a central bank setting interest rates to influence commercial bank lending. Fiscal policy can be expansionary by increasing spending or decreasing taxes, or contractionary by decreasing spending or increasing taxes. Supply-side policy aims to increase productivity and shift the aggregate supply curve right by developing labor markets, increasing capital investment through tax breaks, and promoting competition through deregulation and free trade.
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The document discusses the role of government in the economy and how it can influence businesses. It states that governments aim to achieve low unemployment, low inflation, and economic growth. The government can pass laws and alter taxes and spending to impact demand and the economy. Taxes like income tax, VAT, and corporation tax affect businesses and consumer spending. The government provides support to entrepreneurs to boost jobs and tax revenue in both the short and long term.
Managerial Economics (Ajeenkya D Y Patil)
FISCAL POLICY:-
Fiscal policy is the means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation's economy
Fiscal policy is the means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation's economy
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Supply side policies - IB Economics
This document discusses supply-side policies, which are government and market policies aimed at increasing a country's productive capacity. Supply-side policies work to shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right by encouraging productivity and economic growth without inflation. The document outlines different types of supply-side policies, including market-based policies like deregulation, privatization, and tax cuts to incentivize work, as well as government-based policies like investing in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and supporting strategic industries.
Understanding the global economy
This document provides an overview of key economic concepts:
1. Economics is the study of how to meet unlimited competing wants with limited resources. Resources include capital, labor, and natural resources.
2. A market economy encourages private ownership and competition through freedoms like choice of work, business ownership, and profit. Competition keeps prices low through both price and non-price factors.
3. Supply and demand determine prices - surplus creates low prices while shortage creates high prices. The business cycle stages of prosperity, recession, depression, and recovery impact industries differently.
SMEs and Entrepreneurship: What can and do governments do?
Presented at the Regional Meeting on SME, Entrepreneurship and Access to Finance Indicators, organised by the OECD-MENA Investment Initiative, December 2011. http://www.oecd.org/mena/investment
Unit 1.2 Slides
The document discusses several key topics related to businesses and economics:
1. It outlines different types of economic systems including centrally planned, free market, and mixed systems.
2. It discusses stakeholders in businesses like customers, suppliers, owners, managers, employees, community, and government.
3. It explains that businesses aim to provide services, make profits, and have charitable purposes while balancing costs and benefits to the community.
Policies to Reduce Unemployment
The document discusses policies to reduce unemployment in three main areas: boosting labor demand, improving labor supply, and addressing structural barriers. It analyzes policies like fiscal stimulus, tax cuts, regional development, and workforce training. It also evaluates the challenges, like long-term unemployment, regional disparities, and weak productivity growth. Reducing unemployment significantly requires stronger economic growth and new industries to generate sufficient jobs.
External Environment
The document discusses how businesses are affected by factors in the external environment that are outside of their control, including political, economic, social, technological factors. It introduces the PEST analysis framework for examining the external environment and provides examples of how different external factors impact businesses and should be considered in their objectives and strategies. The document also gives specific examples analyzing how certain external and economic factors impact businesses.
Effects of government taxation policy on sales revenue of SME in Uasin Gishu ...
ABSTRACT: In Kenya, SME provide source of employment creation, innovation, competition, economic dynamism which eventually lead to poverty alleviation and national growth. Government taxation policy is one of the factors that constitute the SMEs‟ economic surroundings. This study sought to find out the effects of government taxation policy on sales revenue of SME in Kenya and particularly Uasin Gishu County. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the specific research objective was addressed: to find out the effects of government taxation policy on sales revenue of SME. The data for this study was collected from primary and secondary sources. While the research instruments were questionnaire, interview and document analysis, the study population comprised of staff and management of SME within Uasin Gishu County, Kenya who formed the sample for the study. The explanatory research design was employed in the study. The samples for the study were selected using stratified random and simple random sampling methods. The data from the research instruments were coded and analyzed using the SPSS. Descriptive statistics, frequency tables, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to present the data, while Correlation was used to test the hypotheses. Results of the study found statistically significant relationships between the three dimensions of government taxation policy and sales revenue. The researcher concluded therefore that government taxation policy had a significant impact on sales revenue of SMEs.
Atmanirbhar Bharat – Opportunities For MSMEs.pdf
Every Large company was an MSME someday. Keeping a sharp focus on the right priorities can be extremely beneficial- https://grovaleulers.com/atmanirbhar-bharat-opportunities-for-msmes/
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Matthias, James, Jain & Arisa on Government Policies
- 1. Government Policies Matthias, James, Jain and Arisa
- 2. Monetary Policy I loan capital to the Commercial Banks! 7% 14% 3.5% I want to make as much money as possible! LOANS I want to invest! Firms 5% 10% 2.5% INTEREST LOANS Central Bank INTEREST DEPOSITS Households Commercial Bank INTEREST 4% 2% 8%
- 4. Expansionary Stimulus to Aggregate demand Increase government spending Decrease taxes
- 5. Contractionary Drag on Aggregate Demand Decrease government spending Increase taxes
- 6. Supply Side Policy Government attempts to increase productivity and shift AS to the right Developed during 1980’s; monetarist/neoclassical era Aim: to ‘liberate’ markets from forms of market ‘impurities’
- 7. Labour increase labour mobility in terms of geography location, industry and ‘time between jobs’ by increasing employees in firms to accept jobs Basic ideal: increase supply and quality of labour while developing mechanisms for efficient labour markets
- 8. Methods: Alter labour laws Reduce/abolish regional support schemes Re-examine education and retraining schemes Cut back social welfare unemployment benefits Reduce union power Abolish minimum wages Decrease marginal tax rates of income
- 9. Capital Aim: To increase the quality and the quantity of capital Methods: -Tax breaks/ deduction to firms -Lower taxes on dividends -Lower corporate profit taxes
- 10. Competition Key factor to increase AS: Competition Methods: -Privasation of government-run business and deregulation of markets -Grant subsidies/tax reductions -Grant tax relief beneficial funding schemes for new firms -Reduce import tarrifsfree trade/capital flows
- 13. Sources http://welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com/page/Problems,+Criticisms,+and+Complications?t=anon http://www.docstoc.com/docs/21451487/Pros-and-Cons-of-Fiscal-Policy-vs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qhJPqyJRo8 http://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/economic-growth/supply-side-policies.html