The document discusses unemployment in India. It defines full employment and unemployment, noting that unemployment occurs when able and willing people cannot find work. It states that unemployment is typically higher in urban areas, among men, in the agriculture sector, and among the educated population. It classifies unemployment into voluntary, involuntary, cyclical, seasonal, frictional, structural, and disguised types. It provides employment and unemployment data for India from 1993-1994 to 2004-2005 and notes the current unemployment rate is around 9.4%. It also lists some key government initiatives to address unemployment like MGNREGA, SGSY, and PMEGP. Suggestions proposed include increasing access to credit, providing skills training, and reforming

1. Unemployment
Submitted By:
Submitted To: Umesh Kumar
Puneet Mokta
Prof. Pooja Arora FA1

2. First of all let us know what is
Full Employment…
Full employment is a
condition of the national
economy, where all or
nearly all persons willing
and able to work at the
prevailing wages and
working conditions are
able to do so.

3. Then what is Unemployment…
• “Unemployment occurs when people are
without jobs and they have actively looked for
work within the past four weeks
--International Labour Organization
Hi, I am here
for a job…

4. Unemployment is more in…
Urban areas than Rural areas
Men than Women
Agriculture Sector than other sectors
Educated population in overall unemployed population

5. Classification of Unemployment…
Cyclical
Disguised
Involuntary Structural
Unemployment
Voluntary Seasonal
Frictional

6. • A person is out of job because
of his own desire to not to
Voluntary work on the prevalent or
prescribed wages.
• A person is separated from
remunerative work and devoid
of wages although he is
Involuntary capable of earning his wages
and is also anxious to earn
them.

7. Cyclical Unemployment
• Part of the capitalistic system and a part of trade cycle.
• There is a greater unemployment and when there is a
depression a large number of people are rendered
unemployed.
Seasonal Unemployment
• Certain industries and traders engage workers for a
particular season.
• When the season ends workers are rendered unemployed.
e.g. Sugar Industry
Frictional Unemployment
• The time period between jobs when a worker is searching
for, or transitioning from one job to another.

8. Structural
• When labour market in unable to provide jobs for
everyone.
• Reasons:- population overgrowth and mismatch between
expectation of employers and skills of unemployed
Disguised
• When more people are engaged in work than actually
required e.g. agriculture sector

9. Reasons…
.
Labour force Employment
growth rate Growth rate
.
2.5 % 2.3 %
annually annually

10. Reasons …

11. Employment & unemployment scenario in
India
Category 1993-1994 1999-2000 2004-2005
Total labour Force 382.0 406.0 469.9
Total Employment 374.0 397.0 459.1
Open unemployment 7.5 9.0 10.8
Unemployment rate 1.9 2.2 2.3
as percentage of Total
labour Force
Employment in 28.0 28.0 26.5
organized sector
Employment in 346.0 369.0 432.6
unorganized sector
Jobs created per - 4.6 12.4
annum
Working Poor - 122.0 130.0

12. Unemployment rate
in India is 9.4% …

13. Government
initiatives

14. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee
Act (MGNREGA)
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY)
Swarnjayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojna (SJSRY)
Prime Minister’s Employment Generation
Programme(PMEGP)

15. Actions that can be taken …
• Increase access to credit to encourage
entrepreneurship
• Provide incentives for new initiatives
• Strengthen or enforce legislation
• Publicize opportunities in the media

16. Suggestions….
Family planning programmer and
development plans should be reformed.
Provide skill training to the new entrants
to the labour force