Matter and energy primary 3
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This document discusses matter, energy, and forces. It explains that matter can change through physical or chemical changes. Physical changes alter the state, shape, or size of matter but do not create a new substance, while chemical changes produce a new material. The document also describes different types of forces, including contact forces like applied force and buoyancy, and non-contact forces such as gravity and magnetism. Finally, it discusses various forms of energy like kinetic, electrical, chemical, and thermal energy, and explains that energy sources can be non-renewable like fossil fuels or renewable like solar, wind, and hydropower.
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Thermal Energy
Thermal energy is the total energy of all the atoms and molecules in a substance and is related to how fast those molecules are moving. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between substances due to a temperature difference, which will continue until thermal equilibrium is reached where the substances have the same temperature. Specific heat capacity is a measure of how much thermal energy a substance needs to gain or lose in order to change its temperature by one degree.
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There are many forms of energy that can be transformed from one to another. The total energy of a system remains constant, according to the law of conservation of energy. Common energy transformations include kinetic to potential energy, as in a swinging pendulum or waterfall, chemical to mechanical energy, as in fuel combustion or metabolism, and electrical to thermal energy, as when a toaster or space heater operates. Transformations can involve single changes, like chemical to light energy in glow sticks, or multiple steps, like the series of changes that occur in a car engine. Understanding energy transformations is key to explaining many natural and technological processes.
Heat Capacity Specific heat-capacity (1)
Heat is the flow of thermal energy from warmer objects to cooler ones. Different materials heat up and cool down at different rates because they have different specific heat capacities. The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1°C. Materials with higher specific heat capacities, like water, require more energy to heat up the same amount compared to materials with lower specific heat capacities.
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Types of energy ppt
This document discusses the different types of energy: mechanical, electromagnetic, electrical, chemical, thermal, nuclear, and sound. It provides examples and definitions for each type of energy. Mechanical energy is due to an object's motion or position. Electromagnetic energy includes light energy across the spectrum. Electrical energy is caused by electron movement. Chemical energy is available from chemical reactions. Thermal energy is heat energy. Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom. Sound energy is the movement of air molecules producing vibrations. The document includes a quiz to test understanding of the different energy types.
law of conservation of energy
Energy can be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed. This is known as the law of conservation of energy. Energy exists in many forms including kinetic, potential, chemical, heat, light, and electrical. Examples of energy conversions include solar panels converting sunlight to electricity, plants converting sunlight to chemical energy through photosynthesis, and car engines burning fuel to change chemical energy to heat then mechanical energy through motion. The total quantity of energy always remains the same even as it changes form through various conversions and transformations from one type to another.
Thermal Energy
1. Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, while thermal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy.
2. Heat is the flow of thermal energy from warmer to cooler objects.
3. Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree, and it explains why some materials heat up or cool down faster than others.
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Energy can exist in many forms and can be transferred from one form to another. The document discusses various types of energy including mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic, and nuclear energy. It provides definitions and examples of each type of energy. Key points include that energy has the ability to cause change or do work, and it can be measured and calculated using specific formulas for gravitational potential, kinetic, and other forms of energy.
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Heat is the flow of thermal energy from warmer objects to cooler ones. Different materials heat up and cool down at different rates because they have different specific heat capacities. The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1°C. Materials with higher specific heat capacities, like water, require more energy to heat up the same amount compared to materials with lower specific heat capacities.
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Energy can be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed. This is known as the law of conservation of energy. Energy exists in many forms including kinetic, potential, chemical, heat, light, and electrical. Examples of energy conversions include solar panels converting sunlight to electricity, plants converting sunlight to chemical energy through photosynthesis, and car engines burning fuel to change chemical energy to heat then mechanical energy through motion. The total quantity of energy always remains the same even as it changes form through various conversions and transformations from one type to another.
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1. Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, while thermal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy.
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Here are the steps to solve the roller coaster energy problems:
1. PE at point A = mgh = (20 kg)(10 m/s^2)(250 m) = 50,000 J
2. KE at point A = 0 J (velocity is 0 m/s at the top)
3. ME at point A = PE + KE = 50,000 J + 0 J = 50,000 J
4. KE at point B = 1/2mv^2 = 1/2(20 kg)(200 m/s)^2 = 40,000 J
5. ME at point C = ME is conserved. ME at point A was 50,000 J.
6. PE at
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Here are the steps to solve the roller coaster energy problems:
1. PE at point A = mgh = (20 kg)(10 m/s^2)(250 m) = 50,000 J
2. KE at point A = 0 J (velocity is 0 m/s at the top)
3. ME at point A = PE + KE = 50,000 J + 0 J = 50,000 J
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6. PE at
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The document discusses different types of energy sources including renewable and non-renewable sources. It describes kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, electric energy, light energy, and sound energy. Fossil fuels are defined as non-renewable energy sources derived from decayed organic material. Primary energy sources are found in nature like the sun, wind, and water, while secondary sources are produced through technological processes. Advantages and disadvantages are provided for both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Common machines that transform energy types are also outlined.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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Matter and energy primary 3
- 2. MATTER CAN CHANGE IN MANY WAYS • THESE CHANGES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO TYPES: • PHYSICAL CHANGES • CHEMICAL CHANGES
- 3. PHYSICAL CHANGES • MATTER HAS DIFFERENT PROPERTIES
- 4. IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE WE CAN CHANGE • THE STATE OF MATTER
- 5. IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE WE CAN CHANGE • THE SHAPE OF MATTER
- 6. IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE WE CAN CHANGE • THE SIZE OF MATTER
- 7. CHEMICAL CHANGES • BURNING • IN A FIRE, WOOD BURNS AND CHANGES INTO A NEW SUBSTANCE CALLED ASH.
- 8. CHEMICAL CHANGES • RUSTING • THIS METAL CHAIN IS CHANGING INTO RUST AS IT REACTS WITH WATER AND AIR.
- 9. FORCES • THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF FORCES THAT ACT ON OBJECTS
- 10. PUSH FORCES
- 11. PULL FORCES
- 12. FORCES CAN ACT FROM A DISTANCE OR THROUGH CONTACT.
- 13. WHEN THEY ACT FROM A DISTANCE THEY ARE CALLED NON-CONTACT FORCES.
- 14. WHEN THEY COME INTO CONTACT WITH THE OBJECT THEY ARE CALLED CONTACT FORCES.
- 15. NON-CONTACT FORCES • MAGNETISM – IS A NON-CONTACT FORCE THAT CAN EITHER ATTRACT OR REPEL MAGNETIC OBJECTS.
- 16. GRAVITY • GRAVITY IS A NON-CONTACT FORCE THAT PULLS OBJECTS TOWARDS EACH OTHER.
- 17. CONTACT FORCES • APPLIED FORCE IS THE FORCE SOMEONE OR SOMETHING APPLIES TO ANOTHER OBJECT.
- 18. BUOYANT FORCE • WHEN AN OBJECT IS PUT IN A LIQUID THERE IS AN UPWARD FORCE ACTING ON IT CALLED BUOYANCY.
- 19. FORMS OF ENERGY • EVERYTHING WE DO NEEDS ENERGY.
- 20. WE USE ENERGY TO DO OUR HOMEWORK, TO PLAY, TO HEAT OUR HOUSES AND TO MOVE A CAR.
- 21. LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY.
- 22. NON-LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY TO WORK.
- 23. TOOLS • USE ENERGY FROM PEOPLE MOVING THEM.
- 24. MACHINES • MOST MACHINES USE ENERGY FROM ELECTRICITY.
- 25. SOME MACHINES GET THEIR ELECTRICITY FROM BATTERIES.
- 26. MOST MEANS OF TRANSPORT USE ENERGY FROM BURNING FUEL.
- 27. KINETIC ENERGY • MOVING THINGS HAVE KINETIC ENERGY.
- 28. ELECTRICAL ENERGY • ELECTRICITY IS ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
- 29. CHEMICAL ENERGY • ANY CHEMICAL CHANGE IN MATTER HAS CHEMICAL ENERGY.
- 30. LIGHT ENERGY • THE SUN PRODUCES LIGHT ENERGY.
- 31. SOUND ENERGY • ANYTHING THAT IS MAKING A NOISE HAS SOUND ENERGY.
- 32. THERMAL ENERGY • ANYTHING THAT IS HOT HAS THERMAL ENERGY.
- 33. SOURCES OF ENERGY • THE ENERGY THAT WE USE EVERY DAY COMES FROM NON-RENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE SOURCES.
- 34. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES. • COAL, PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ARE NATURAL MATTER.
- 35. THEY WERE FORMED UNDER THE GROUND A VERY LONG TIME AGO. • THEY ARE NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY.
- 36. • THERE IS NEVER NEW COAL, PETROLEUM OR NATURAL GAS.
- 37. • THEY ARE LIMITED AND THEY WILL RUN OUT IN THE FUTURE.
- 38. • BURNING THEM TO GET ENERGY POLLUTES AIR AND WATER.
- 39. COAL IS A BLACK SOLID.
- 40. PETROLEUM IS A BLACK LIQUID.
- 41. NATURAL GAS IS A MIXTURE OF GASES.
- 42. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES • THE SUN, WIND, WATER AND BIOMASS ARE RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY.
- 43. • THERE IS ALWAYS NEW WIND, SUNLIGHT, WATER AND BIOMASS.
- 44. • THEY ARE UNLIMITED AND THEY WILL NEVER RUN OUT.
- 45. • THEY DON´T POLLUTE THE AIR OR WATER.
- 46. SOLAR ENERGY • COMES FROM SUNLIGHT.
- 47. WIND ENERGY • COMES FROM MOVING AIR.
- 48. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY • COMES FROM MOVING WATER.
- 49. BIOENERGY • COMES FROM BURNING ORGANIC MATTER FROM PLANTS, CALLED BIOMASS.